Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a chronic metabolic disorder. The content of glucose in the blood is kept above the set value. It is necessary to start monitoring the pathology as early as possible, reduce blood glucose and keep it in a stable state. After determining the causes of the disease, the doctor will prescribe the necessary treatment.
The patient is forced to keep the situation under control with pills, insulin shots and diet. Insulin tablets are also used. You need to study the list of prohibited and recommended foods, decide on drugs that will be truly effective.
Insulin tablets: origins
Drug development companies have long thought about a new form of drug that could be administered to a diabetic without injection.
Insulin tablets were first developed by Australian and Israeli researchers. People whoparticipated in the experiment, confirmed that tablets are much more convenient and better than injections. Insulin is faster and easier to take by mouth, and its effectiveness is not reduced at all.
After conducting experiments on animals, the researchers plan to test the insulin replacement pill in humans. After that, mass production will be started. India and Russia are now fully prepared for the production of drugs.
Benefits
Pills have several benefits:
- convenient to take with you;
- no pain when taking;
- Taking a pill is easier than giving an injection.
Creating a tablet form of insulin
Insulin is a specific type of protein synthesized by the pancreas. With a lack of insulin in the body, glucose cannot reach tissue cells. Almost all human organs and systems suffer from this, and a pathology is formed - diabetes mellitus.
Researchers in Russia started developing insulin tablets in the 90s. Now the Ransulin drug is ready for production. The names of insulin tablets are of interest to many.
Different types of liquid insulin are available in injectable form for diabetics. Their use causes inconvenience to the patient, despite the removable needles and insulin syringes.
In addition, the difficulty lies in the specific processing of insulin in the form of tablets inside the human body. The hormone has a protein base, that is, the stomachtakes it as a normal food, due to which decomposition into amino acids occurs and specific enzymes are released for this purpose.
First of all, scientists had to protect insulin from enzymes in order to enter it into the blood in a whole form, not decomposed to the smallest particles. There should be no interaction of insulin with the gastric environment and entry into the small intestine in its original form. Therefore, the substance had to be covered with a shell that protects against enzymes. At the same time, the shell should also dissolve in the intestines at a high rate.
Russian scientists have created a relationship between inhibitor molecules and polymer hydrogel. In addition, polysaccharides have been added to the hydrogel to improve absorption of the substance in the small intestine.
Pectins are located in the small intestine. They are responsible for stimulating the absorption of components when associated with polysaccharides. In addition to them, insulin was also introduced into the hydrogel. These substances had no contact with each other. The compound is coated on top to prevent dissolution in the acidic environment of the stomach.
Once in the human stomach, the hydrogel containing insulin was released. Polysaccharides began to bind to pectins, while the hydrogel was fixed on the intestinal walls.
The inhibitor did not dissolve in the gut. It fully protected insulin from early breakdown and the effects of acid. Therefore, the desired result was achieved, that is, insulin in its original state completely entered the human blood. Polymer withits inherent function of protection, along with the decay products, was excreted from the body.
Russian scientists tested the drug experimentally on patients with type 2 diabetes. Unlike injections, people received double the amount of the substance in tablet form. Glucose was reduced in this experiment, but less than with insulin injections.
It became clear that we needed to increase the concentration, so now there is four times more insulin in the tablet for diabetes. As a result of such a drug, sugar is reduced even more than with injections. Also, the issue of reducing the quality of digestion and taking large amounts of insulin has disappeared.
The body thus began to receive exactly the dosage of insulin that it needed. All excess was excreted along with other substances in a natural way.
Are there reviews for insulin tablets?
More information and usage feedback
Using insulin in the form of tablets can be chosen instead of injections, and this type of preparation will be justified for some time. But doctors' testimonies indicate that at some point the pills may stop lowering blood sugar. That is why it is important to use a glucose meter at home.
Over time, the reserve of pancreatic beta cells decreases, which immediately affects blood sugar levels. In particular, this is evidenced by glycated hemoglobin, which reflects the average degree of sugar in the blood over three months. All diabetics should undergo regularresearch and testing for insulin.
If you exceed the allowable value, you should think about getting a prescription for insulin. Medical practice data show that in Russia, approximately 23% of patients with type 2 diabetes receive insulin - patients with high blood sugar and glycated hemoglobin, which starts at 10% and above.
This therapy, according to many, is a lifelong dependence on insulin injections. Of course, you can stop insulin, but this threatens to return to high blood sugar levels and the emergence of all sorts of complications.
With properly selected insulin therapy, the patient can be hardy and active.
Type 2 diabetes symptoms and treatment
When a person develops type 2 diabetes, the symptoms and treatment are very similar to the signs and treatment of type 1. Often, the onset of the first symptoms is observed only after several months and even years (a disease of a latent form).
During the development of type 2 diabetes, a person has the following symptoms:
- intense thirst and constant desire to go out of need;
- dizziness, irritation, fatigue;
- deterioration of vision, which provokes the development of the disease - diabetic retinopathy;
- hunger, even if food is consumed in large quantities;
- drying of the mouth;
- muscle loss;
- rashes and itching of the skin.
If the pathology proceedsfor a long time, the symptoms may worsen. Patients may complain of symptoms of diabetes mellitus such as swelling and pain in the lower extremities, yeast infections, prolonged wound healing, and numbness in the hands and feet. The symptoms and treatment of type 2 diabetes are interrelated.
Administration of drug therapy
For type 2 diabetes, most people wonder what medications to take. The specialist can prescribe:
- Drugs that increase insulin production - Glipizide, Novonorm, Tolbutamide, Amaryl, Diabeton. Mostly mature and young patients normally tolerate these drugs, but the reviews of older people are not entirely positive. A drug from this series in some cases can cause adrenal dysfunction and allergies.
- Medicine that reduces the absorption of glucose in the intestines. Each tablet of the product from this series contains metformin as an active substance. These include "Diaformin", "Formin Pliva", "Insufor", "Gliformin". The action of drugs is aimed at increasing tissue sensitivity to insulin and stabilizing sugar synthesis in the liver.
- Glycosidase inhibitors, including "Acarbose". This tool acts on enzymes that promote the breakdown of complex carbohydrates to glucose, blocking them. Glucose absorption processes slow down as a result.
- "Fenofibrate" - a drug that activates alpha receptors to slow down the progression of atherosclerosis. This remedy strengthens the vascular walls, improves blood circulation and preventsthe occurrence of dangerous complications, such as nephropathy and retinopathy. This confirms the instructions for use.
Insulin tablets will soon be actively used in the treatment of patients. However, the effectiveness of the use of such drugs decreases over time. Therefore, the attending physician may prescribe insulin therapy for the patient.
Type 2 diabetes can lead to various complications, so insulin is prescribed to compensate for blood sugar levels.
Free drugs
Be aware that not all drugs needed to prevent and treat diabetes will be provided free of charge. Such drugs are included in a special list, which is created and approved by the Ministry of He alth. This list includes free essential diabetic medicines. If a person needs a particular remedy that is not on the list, he can contact the specialists of the medical commission for help. Maybe they will consider the individual case and decide to provide the drug free of charge or at a significant discount.
What the state offers
When receiving a disability and registering with an endocrinologist, the patient has the right to receive insulin free of charge. In some regions, it is impossible to count on receiving this hypoglycemic agent, since there is no money in the state budget. However, insulin is sometimes shipped in large quantities and you can queue up to get it.receive.
It should be noted that some patients refuse insulin injections, saying that in the future they will be completely dependent on it. But insulin is an indispensable drug, especially in type 1 diabetes, it normalizes sugar levels and prevents complications.
For type 2 diabetes, free medicines include various means to normalize the patient's blood glucose levels. Tablets do not help with the first type, but with the second type of pathology they are quite effective if the pancreas still produces insulin on its own.
Insulin pens or syringes may also be provided. To make injections with a disease, you need to use special syringe pens (very convenient and practical) or syringes. In accordance with the law, a person has the right to free syringe pens and syringes with needles.
The state is ready to provide funds for diagnosing the disease. These include test strips and glucometers. With the help of these measuring devices, a person controls the sugar content. Devices are issued for the purpose of daily testing by the patient.
For people with type 2 diabetes, the same remedies are provided as for type 1. If you refuse to provide free drugs, you need to contact the authorities responsible for this and seek compliance with the law and justice.
Insulin for children
Ultra-short insulins NovoRapid and Humalog occupy a special place in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents.
When administered under the skin, these drugs have an accelerated onset and culmination of the effect, parallel to the degree of postalimentary hyperglycemia, a shorter duration, which allows you to administer these drugs immediately before meals, avoiding frequent snacks if desired.
The latest development in the field of insulin therapy is the introduction of Lantus insulin into clinical practice. It is the first peak-free human insulin analogue with 24-hour action.
"Detemir" is also a peak-free analogue with a long-term effect, its prolonging effect is achieved by adding a chain of fourteen B-chain fatty acid residues in the 29th position. The drug is administered twice a day.
Insulin tablets for children are not yet on sale.
Mixed
These combined preparations include short-acting and medium-duration insulins in different proportions - 50 to 50 or 90 to 10. They are considered very convenient, since their use makes it possible to reduce the number of injections. But in pediatrics they are not widely used because of the need to change the dosage of short insulin in a patient, depending on the values of glycemia. With stable diabetes (especially in the early years), a good compensation is achieved with mixed insulin.
Insulin in a pharmacy costs from 350 to 8000 rubles. depending on the manufacturer and dosage.
Conclusion
Nowinsulin in the form of tablets is used as an experiment, research is still ongoing in this area. But there are already a large number of advantages compared to injections. However, there are also a number of disadvantages. For example, the cost is high, but it is still difficult to acquire it.
We looked at insulin tablets. The names of most drugs are not yet known.
