Hemorrhagic cystitis is one of the most serious diseases of the bladder. During urination, blood can be found in the urine. It acquires a specific unpleasant odor. This is due to the fact that the mucous membrane is destroyed, and the walls of the vessels of the organ of the urinary system become thinner. This disease requires rapid diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Causes of illness
Acute hemorrhagic cystitis can occur for the following reasons:
- getting into the body of a viral infection;
- frequent abstinence from the urge to urinate, which leads to stretching of muscle fibers and circulatory disorders;
- diseases of internal organs that reduce immunity;
- violations of the normal course of contraction of the muscles of the bladder, mainly observed in disorders of the nervous system;
- presence of sexually transmitted diseases;
- receptioncertain medicines;
- poor personal hygiene;
- radiotherapy;
- decreased immunity, mainly due to endocrine diseases and diabetes;
- diverticula and bladder stones, as well as other obstructions in the form of neoplasms.
Most often this disease is diagnosed during menopause or pregnancy, when hormonal changes occur in the body. The cause of hemorrhagic cystitis may be a disease associated with the hormonal system.
Bacterial cystitis rarely leads to hemorrhoidal form. But a complication may arise with severely reduced immunity.
Hemorrhagic cystitis can be caused by some drugs, such as Clostilbegit and Clomiphene based on clomiphene citrate.
A similar disease can occur in men with prostate adenoma.
International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
It has been in use by states parties to the WHO agreement since 1994. All ICD classes are grouped into 22 categories. Cystitis in this classification is assigned numbers from 30.0 to 30.9. Hemorrhagic cystitis in the ICD has the code N30.2. It belongs to a type of chronic disease.
Symptoms of hemorrhagic cystitis in women
This is an infectious disease that has similar symptoms to acute cystitis. The main difference is the presence of blood and foul-smelling discharge from the urine. Moreover, it can be in the urine as in smallquantities, and in significant ones, which color it red or pink. There are also a number of other symptoms of hemorrhagic cystitis:
- sharp pain in the lower abdomen after urination and in the groin;
- a small amount of urine during this process;
- more frequent toilet urges than usual (washroom visits can be up to 40 times per day), and in many cases they do not end with urination;
- malaise and general weakness;
- increase in body temperature.
The acute form of the disease should not become chronic. Immediate treatment is required for symptoms of hemorrhagic cystitis.
This pathology is more common in women than in men, and in children more often than in adults.
Chronic form
In the case of a chronic illness, the signs of the disease will periodically worsen. Symptoms will sometimes subside, followed by a period of remission. However, blood will always be present in the urine. Its number will gradually increase. This leads to more severe damage to the bladder, which is the cause of the development of dangerous diseases, including various tumors.
If the treatment is not carried out in time, the exit from the bladder may be clogged with blood clots. Urine will not be able to leave the body, as a result of which, after a certain period of time, the bladder will be damaged.
Without treatment, the microflora will spreadblood throughout the body, which can lead to blood poisoning. With advanced forms, the kidneys may be affected, pyelonephritis may occur.
The chronic form of the disease under consideration can also be obtained if the treatment of acute hemorrhagic cystitis is not timely stopped, in particular, if patients stop taking antibiotics or antiprotozoal drugs after the symptoms of the pathology disappear. However, this does not mean that she is cured completely, the disease goes into remission.
The disease may worsen if the following factors are present:
- urolithiasis;
- exacerbation of pyelonephritis;
- colds;
- hypothermia;
- some other ailments.
Initially, the chronic form proceeds with alternating remissions and exacerbations, but the disease progresses, the muscle fibers of the urinary system are gradually replaced by scar tissue.
Diagnosis
When such symptoms occur, it is necessary to correctly diagnose, since urolithiasis and pyelonephritis have similar symptoms. Therefore, the patient must come to the appointment with a doctor who will refer him to the delivery of urine tests.
The disease is characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells in the urine. In a chronic disease, the patient is diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia.
With the bacterial nature of the pathology, the type of pathogen is determined by the appropriate sowing. In a hospital, in order to detect mucosal lesions,cystoscopy.
A blood test is also done. The viral nature is revealed by the high content of leukocytes in it, leukocyturia in the urine, high ESR.
To exclude urolithiasis and the presence of tumors, the doctor may prescribe an ultrasound of the bladder and kidneys.
Tests should also be taken at the end of treatment so that the drugs are stopped on time to prevent the transition of the acute form of the disease into a chronic one.
Inpatient admission
Treatment of hemorrhagic cystitis in women is best done during hospitalization. Here, the bladder is washed, which contributes to the resorption of blood clots formed inside. This will help normalize urination. If such a procedure cannot be performed, a cystoscopy using anesthetics is prescribed.
Medicated treatment
Acute hemorrhagic cystitis in case of its bacterial origin is treated with antibiotics of the fluoroquinolone group, which include:
- "Ciprofloxacin";
- "Norfloxacin" and their analogues.
Ciprofloxacin is considered a stronger antibiotic, which is taken 250-500 mg 2 times a day for one week, and sometimes for several months.
Expectant mothers in the second half of pregnancy can take Monural.
The following groups are also used to treat hemorrhagic cystitisdrugs:
- vitamins K and C: "Vikasol", "Ascorutin";
- hemostatic drugs: Dicinon, Etamzilat;
- antispasmodics and analgesics.
Pain and spasms are relieved by the following means:
- "No-shpa";
- "Baralgin";
- "Diclofenac".
Bleeding is caused by taking the following drugs:
- "Vikasol";
- "Detralex";
- "Rutin".
The effect of the treatment should appear on the 5-7th day. If this is not observed, you need to re-take tests and change drugs, after consulting with your doctor.
Use of herbal remedies
Fitolysin and Canephron can be used to treat hemorrhagic cystitis.
The first drug promotes the dissolution of stones and has a diuretic effect. It also has an anti-inflammatory effect and helps relieve bladder spasms. With it, you can reduce the crystallization of the mineral components of urine and wash the sand.
"Canephron" has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and diuretic effects. The composition of the drug includes centaury, rosemary and lovage.
You can also use decoctions of chamomile flowers, oak bark, St. John's wort, as well as pharmacy fees that have anti-inflammatory and diuretic properties:"Fitonefrol", "Brusniver".
Outpatient care
Acute hemorrhagic cystitis, like its chronic form, requires a certain diet.
The following foods should not be present in the diet:
- saturated with essential oils and acids;
- smoked and fried food;
- highly s alty;
- sweet;
- spicy;
- spicy food;
- carbonated drinks;
- coffee;
- alcohol;
- strong tea.
It is better to add more fruits and vegetables and cereals to the diet.
During treatment, it is necessary to consume large amounts of water or use increased volumes of liquid in the form of fruit drinks and compotes. Cranberry fruit drinks also have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects.
In addition, you can use decoctions of yarrow, flax or dill seeds. The first of these herbs is pre-crushed, 2 tbsp. l. brewed with a glass of boiling water, after which the infusion occurs for an hour. After that, the infusion is consumed all day in small portions.
Dill decoction is prepared from 1 tsp., filled with a glass of boiling water. Infusion is carried out for 8-10 hours. You need to take it in the morning. Flax decoction is prepared in the same way.
In addition, you need to use non-carbonated mineral water, birch sap.
Treatment Tips
If a disease such as hemorrhagic cystitis has been diagnosed, there is no need to self-medicate. It is necessary to consult a urologist and take those drugs,which he writes. With late treatment, the disease can take on a chronic course.
When treating a disease, you can not carry out thermal procedures and take hot baths. This is due to the fact that elevated temperatures can lead to quite severe complications.
At the same time, one should not forget to take large volumes of liquid inside, which will enhance the diuretic effect.
Possible Complications
Prognosis for recovery of acute hemorrhagic cystitis is favorable. However, if appropriate therapy is not used, the following consequences may occur:
- anemia due to constant bleeding;
- spread of infection to other organs of the human body;
- blockage of the lumen of the urethra.
Prevention
Hemorrhagic cystitis in women can be avoided by following a number of simple rules:
- rational nutrition with the exception of those products that provoke relapses;
- taking large volumes of liquid;
- bladder emptying during urges;
- personal hygiene;
- strengthening immunity.
In closing
Hemorrhagic cystitis is a dangerous disease that can lead to various complications with improper treatment and its transition to a chronic form. To prevent such a pathology, you need not to overcool, go to the toilet on time if you have an urge, observe personal hygiene, and prevent the occurrence ofurolithiasis and pyelonephritis, consume large volumes of fluid. Treatment should be prescribed by a urologist. In complex therapy, folk remedies can be used. Immunity should be strengthened not only by therapeutic methods, but also by the rejection of junk food in the diet. With timely treatment, the prognosis for a favorable outcome is high.
