Bleeding is what women face every month during the entire period during which the ability to bear and give birth to a child remains. But such discharges are not always the norm. Consider why spotting can occur in the middle of the cycle, after sex, during pregnancy and in other cases.
Implantation bleeding
In some cases, dark red spotting from the genital tract accompanies the process of introducing a fertilized egg into the uterine cavity. As a rule, this lasts no longer than a few days, and usually it is a couple of hours. The color can be pinkish, red, dark red, the discharge is not as plentiful as usual during menstruation. Blood comes out, which appears when the fetal egg is introduced into the wall of the uterus, or the remnants of the epithelium from previous critical days.
Bleeding after successful conception occurs in about 20-30% of women. Many confuse them with the comingmonthly, so that a woman may not know about her interesting position. As a rule, such secretions appear on the sixth to twelfth day after fertilization. In some cases, in terms of time, they may coincide with the expected date of critical days, which further confuses the woman. If there is no discharge for the next month, then we can talk about the onset of pregnancy.
If you are likely to conceive, you can donate blood for hCG as early as ten days after ovulation. Especially sensitive tests will show an interesting situation even a few days before the expected menstruation, unless, of course, this is a mistake. Implantation bleeding is a normal variant, so you should not worry about this, although, of course, it is better to visit a gynecologist just in case.
Pathologies of pregnancy
Bleeding during pregnancy (except for implantation bleeding, which was discussed above) can also be a variant of the norm, but only in the early stages. For example, such a symptom may appear on the days of the expected menstruation, in which case the reason is the hormonal changes in the body. Also, the discharge can threaten a breakdown, indicate placental abruption, internal hematoma, be a symptom of pathology (ectopic pregnancy) or miscarriage.
In the later stages, atypical discharge always threatens late miscarriage, severe placental abruption or premature birth. If you are 14 weeks pregnant, spotting requires urgent medical attention. Sosecond trimester (14-26 weeks) and during the third (from 26-28 weeks before delivery) such changes in the condition of a woman are dangerous. But immediately before the birth, the expectant mother can normally observe light pink discharge - they are accompanied by the discharge of the mucous plug. About a week after the onset of such a symptom, childbirth can be expected.
It must be remembered that not always spotting in a woman in an interesting position can indicate pathology. In 80% of cases, future mothers successfully bear and give birth to a he althy child. However, in case of suspicion, it is still better to contact a gynecologist observing pregnancy.
Ovulation bleeding
Bleeding from the genital tract in time of occurrence may coincide with ovulation (12-16 days after menstruation). The discharge is not very abundant, the duration is about three days. Such spotting in the middle of the cycle can be a variant of the norm, they occur from time to time in all women. This condition indicates the onset of ovulation, that is, the greatest ability to conceive a child. The discharge is usually light pink in color and smearing in nature, often there is an admixture of mucus. If the bleeding is too heavy, prolonged, occurs regularly, is accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen, on the right or left, then you need to see a doctor.
Using hormonal contraception
Normal variant - spotting in the first months of using hormonal contraception (plasters, rings, implants,tablets or injections). In this case, the woman’s body naturally “adjusts”, gets used to the new mode of functioning. Contraceptives contain a large number of hormones that enter the circulatory system. A woman's body, accustomed to a different (natural) concentration of its own hormones, needs time to readjust.
Slight spotting may occur in the first two to four months after using hormonal contraceptives. As a rule, the symptom disappears after a few months of taking the pills. It is necessary to consult a doctor if the discharge has been regular for more than three months, two or three daily pads are not enough to ensure hygiene, have a pale pink or scarlet color (normal discharge is brown or red).
Missing oral contraceptives
Missing one or more birth control pills can lead to spotting. The reasons are clear. As a result of violations of the reception of such drugs, the hormonal background of a woman changes. Against the background of skipping the pill, the discharge is spotting, lasting from several hours to two days.
The presence of a spiral
The intrauterine device is closely adjacent to the mucous membrane, as a result, the natural process of endometrial detachment may be disturbed. The spiral can prevent endometrial detachment by changing the nature of bleeding or delaying the onset of menstruation. metal orthe plastic spiral has an adverse effect on the walls of the uterus, causing it to contract intensely. Such contraction can provoke spotting from the genital tract in the middle of the cycle. As a rule, spotting appears a few days after the end of menstruation and lasts for several days. If a spiral is installed, then such bleeding is a variant of the norm.
If a woman uses a progesterone coil (hormonal coil), then atypical discharge appears for a slightly different reason. Progesterone, which is released from such a spiral, makes the internal organs of a woman prone to injury and injury, thins the walls, as a result, there may be slight bleeding between periods for several months. Such secretions usually continue for six to twelve months after the installation of the spiral. In this case, menstruation may even disappear, which is also a variant of the norm if a hormonal spiral is installed.
Gynecological diseases
Gynecological diseases are pathological causes of spotting with blood. Abundant or scanty discharge can come with:
- polyps on the cervix or in the cavity of the organ;
- endometriosis;
- cervicitis;
- endometritis;
- polycystic ovary syndrome;
- oncological diseases of the female genital organs;
- uterine myoma;
- chronic infectious diseases of the female reproductive system (ureaplasmosis, mycoplasmosis, chlamydia, trichomoniasis).
Usually, the above gynecological diseases are accompanied by other unpleasant symptoms, among which can be listed:
- itching, burning in the perineum;
- periodic sharp or sharp pains radiating to the lower back or rectum;
- burning when urinating, frequent urge to go to the toilet "in a small way";
- vaginal dryness, discomfort;
- general weakness, dizziness, fainting, fever.
Hormonal instability
If a woman is bleeding, this may be the cause of an increased level of prolactin or female sex hormones in the blood, a decrease in the amount of thyroid hormones. In this case, appropriate treatment is necessary. It is necessary to contact a gynecologist who will prescribe a course of therapy. Otherwise, you can face more serious deviations in the future, including the inability to conceive and bear a child.
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
Uterine bleeding may be the result of dysfunction of the genital organs and instability in the natural mechanisms that regulate the onset of ovulation and the menstrual cycle in general. As a rule, such problems appear in girls under the age of twenty or over forty-five. It is in these categories of women that the instability of the mechanisms that control the cycle is more often noted.
Non-gynecological causes
Except for the abovereasons, discharge with an admixture of blood can also be due to those reasons that are completely unrelated to the intimate sphere. Non-gynecological causes are the following:
- taking drugs that affect blood clotting;
- pathology of the blood coagulation system.
In any case, if atypical vaginal discharge appears, a gynecologist's consultation is necessary. If the doctor does not find the causes of this phenomenon in the intimate sphere, then he will refer the patient to other narrow specialists or a general practitioner. The causes of spotting can be varied, so self-medication is categorically unacceptable. Only a doctor can correctly diagnose and prescribe adequate therapy that will get rid of the problem as soon as possible and without negative he alth consequences.
When to see a doctor
Be sure to visit a gynecologist if:
- spotting continues for a week;
- they are too intense, abundant;
- appeared late in an interesting position;
- accompanied by pain in the abdomen, deterioration of he alth, dizziness, fainting;
- occur in the middle of the cycle for several months in a row.
Consequences of atypical discharge
The consequences of spotting depend on the causes of this condition. In some cases, such a symptom may be a variant of the norm (occasionally during ovulation, onin the early stages of waiting for a child - implantation bleeding, after installing a spiral or when skipping a birth control pill), but in the rest it will indicate serious disorders in the body. If the bleeding is a symptom of an ectopic pregnancy or the pathology of a normal pregnancy, then it can cause the death of a woman or the loss of a child.
