Due to stress, many people may experience functional disorders associated with the gastrointestinal tract. They are treated quickly and without much difficulty, but ignoring them can lead to serious consequences. Next, let's talk about the symptoms, causes and methods of therapy.
Gastrointestinal functions
Before considering the most popular functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract in children and adults, it is necessary to understand what options this body system performs.
Most often, pathologies are associated with digestive problems. Most of them are not characterized by any organic changes such as infections, tumors, and so on. To understand the causes of disorders, you should know all the options of the gastrointestinal tract. Consider them.
- Motive. It allows you to chew, swallow, move food around the body and remove undigested residues. This function is carried out by the muscles.
- Suction. It ensures the consumption of all nutrients in the blood and lymphthrough special tract walls.
- Excretory. Thanks to this function, various substances of metabolic products are excreted into the cavity of the gastrointestinal tract. It can be ammonia, s alts and so on. After a while, they are completely eliminated from the body.
- Sector. This function allows you to produce gastric juice, saliva, bile and so on.
Each of the departments of the gastrointestinal tract performs its own special purpose. When functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract occur in young children and adults, then all options go astray. As a result, a person develops unpleasant symptoms. During the examination, the specialist does not find pathological disorders or changes in the organs. It is in this case that we are talking about functional problems.
General symptoms
In order for a person not to have such problems, he should adhere to all preventive recommendations. Functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract in children, the clinical manifestations of which we will consider below, and in adults have common indicators. Let's describe them.
The most common symptoms are pain in the intestines, stomach and some other organs. Heartburn can often occur. It becomes an indicator of changes in the level of acidity in the stomach.
Another symptom is chest pain. However, she talks not only about problems with the gastrointestinal tract, but also about the heart. Belching, bloating, nausea, and a lump in the throat are common symptoms. But they can also indicate other pathologies, as they are popular manifestations.
Reasonsdisorders in the gastrointestinal tract
For various reasons, functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract may appear. ICD-10 code: from K00 to K93. These classes bring together all problems related to the digestive tract.
It should be noted that modern diagnostic methods have revealed the following fact: problems with the motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract do not affect the functions of the system itself. In the 80s of the last century, a theory appeared that the state of the tract was affected by a psychogenic factor. However, in most of the patients who had a similar pathology, there were no problems with the psyche. That is why in modern times one of the main causes is considered to be a violation of the perception of a certain type of impulses sent. A person may be aware of them as pain. Any disease of the nervous system can cause such a reaction. Functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract can occur due to bad habits, stress, medication, and so on.
Most popular problems
A common problem is reflux disease. It manifests itself as heartburn. If we talk about more severe symptoms, then laryngitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia with cases of relapse, and so on can occur. This problem is manifested by the fact that the contents of the stomach are thrown into the esophagus.
Frequent functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract (MBK-10 code: K30) is dyspepsia. It is characterized by pain in the epigastric region, as well as other unpleasant sensations. Most often, this disease occurs due to problems with motor function,that appear at the upper sections of the tract.
Another popular syndrome is irritable bowel. It causes flatulence, rumbling, diarrhea and constipation. Such symptoms are formed due to problems with the nervous system and hormones.
Reflux disease
This ailment can appear due to a hernia, increased pressure, eating a large amount of fatty foods, reducing the tone of the esophagus. The problem is manifested by heartburn, belching, pain. There may also be pressure that occurs after eating. That is why it is important not to drink alcohol, juices and sodas.
In advanced cases, the patient develops dysphagia, chest pressure, vomiting, and salivary secretions. Pain can radiate to the arm, neck, back, and so on.
The most common problem is reflux without esophagitis. For diagnosis, tools such as a general urinalysis, a test for certain bacteria, an abdominal ultrasound, and others can be used. To exclude serious pathologies, you should also visit a cardiologist, pulmonologist, ENT and surgeon.
Treatment of the problem is based on symptoms. Nitrates, theophylline, calcium, and beta-blockers may be prescribed. If the patient has a disturbed diet, then you should start to follow a diet. You need to eat vegetables, eggs, fruits, especially those that contain vitamin A. Drinks and foods that have an absorbing effect should be excluded. You need to eat six times a day in small portions. After the mealyou should rest, do not exercise or bend over.
Functional dyspepsia
One should separately consider such a functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract as dyspepsia. Let's describe the possible manifestations of the disease.
In the presence of a dyskinetic form of the problem, a person has a feeling of early satiety, overflow of the gastrointestinal tract, and bloating. Sometimes nausea may occur. With a non-specific form of the disease, a wide variety of symptoms can occur (not an agreed sentence). Most likely, all of them will be quite common as manifestations of other pathologies. Treatment depends on the complaints of the individual patient.
When diagnosing, special measures are taken to distinguish between functional and biological dyspepsia. Stools, blood are taken for analysis, the body is checked for infections. You should also send stools for examination to check if they contain lymph.
If there is a need for medical treatment, the patient is prescribed a special therapy for two months. Most often, antibiotics are prescribed, adsorbing, antisecretory and prokinetic drugs. It should be noted that there is no general treatment strategy. It depends entirely on the symptoms to be treated and the causes.
General treatments
In order to cure functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, it is necessary to conduct a thorough diagnosis and exclude any organic changes. The complexity of therapy lies in the fact that all such problems can have a large numbercauses and various symptoms.
The doctor gives the following recommendations: give up bad habits, stop taking medications that can affect the digestive tract, start dieting. If the patient has problems with the psychological state (depression or hypochondria), then the specialist has the right to prescribe anxiolytics and other drugs of this group.
Disorders of the stomach
Problems with the stomach are also included in the list of functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. (ICD-10: K31). They include a huge number of pathologies that affect functions such as motor and secretory. However, no major changes are recorded. There may be symptoms of dyspepsia, as well as pain. In order to make a diagnosis, various measures are prescribed, for example, probing, ultrasound or x-rays. Treatment is only medical. Diet and bad habits play a big role.
Treatment of stomach problems
Therapy depends entirely on the cause of the appearance of a functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract and separately on the stomach itself. Clinical features are also taken into account. You need to change your diet. Food should be taken four times a day. One of them should be accompanied by the use of a hot liquid dish. It is necessary to abandon those products that can irritate the mucous membrane. We are talking about marinated, fatty, spicy dishes. Most often, when such problems are detected in a patient, they quicklyare solved in whole or in part by adjusting the diet and diet. Often in such situations there is not even a need for medical treatment.
If a patient has neurovegetative functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and stomach, they can be eliminated by taking anticholinergics with a sedative effect. Tranquilizers, herbal remedies also help well. In the most severe cases, antidepressants are prescribed.
If it is necessary to remove the pain effect and restore the motor option, then you should drink antispasmodics.
Forecast
In the presence of functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (ICD code is written above in the article), as a rule, the prognosis is favorable. The main thing is to make a diagnosis in time and start treatment. It is important to work on your diet. Get rid of stress and get more rest. If the problem arose in adolescence, then it is likely to go away on its own within two to three years. This is due to the fact that on the basis of hormonal changes, the neurovegetative system begins to work poorly.
If you do not start treatment in time and start the problem, then more serious consequences may occur. Provocateurs are a violation of the diet, stress.
Results
As is clear from the above information, in order to avoid such problems, you should lead a he althy lifestyle, give up malnutrition and avoid stressful situations. Sometimes functional disorders can appear in adolescents due to hormonal changes in the body.
