The occurrence of acute pancreatitis is due to the powerful development of the inflammatory process in the tissues of the pancreas. The aggressive influence of its own enzyme substances, which are activated directly in the organ and trigger the mechanism of digestion of its own tissues, underlies the pathology. Among the clinical manifestations of acute pancreatitis, vomiting, pain, nausea, fever, lack of appetite, discoloration of the skin and more.
General information
Acute pancreatitis is classified according to severity:
- Light - slight damage to the gland. Heals quickly, the prognosis is favorable.
- Severe - a pronounced clinical picture, extensive damage to the organ. Complications often follow.
Provocateurs of the inflammatory process are:
- frequent drinking;
- malnutrition - abuse of spicy, fried, fattyfood;
- organ injury;
- presence of viral and bacterial diseases;
- congenital anomalies;
- genetic ailments;
- burdened heredity;
- taking high doses of certain medications;
- diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
- endocrine diseases;
- Failure of pancreatic function due to surgical interventions.
Pharmacotherapy for acute inflammation of the pancreas
Acute pancreatitis is treated with medicines of the following pharmacological groups:
- Proteolysis inhibitors ("Aprotinin") - neutralize the action of enzymes that have an aggressive effect on the function of the gland.
- Regulators of water and electrolyte balance - "Gastrolit".
- Anspasmodics - Mebeverine, Drotaverine, Papaverine.
- Proton pump blockers - Omeprazole, Lansoprazole.
- H2-histamine receptor blocker - "Ranitidine", "Famotidine".
- Antacids - Phosphalugel, Almagel, Maalox.
- Diuretics – Furosemide, Acetazolamide.
- Ancholinergics - "Atropine", "Platifillin".
- Hepatoprotectors - Essentiale, Karsil, Gepabene.
- Antibiotics - groups of fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins and macrolides.
- Vitamin complexes - "Viitrum", "Duovit".
- Enzymes - Festal, Pancreatin, Creon, Mezim.
Factors affecting the appearance of the gag reflex
Causes of vomiting in acute pancreatitis:
- Emotionalcondition - the individual develops fear due to severe pain, which provokes vomiting.
- Intoxication of the body - the vomiting center, located in the medulla oblongata, activates a high concentration of toxins.
- Diseases of the biliary tract in both acute and chronic stages.
- Present gastrointestinal diseases and decreased levels of pancreatic enzymes.
- Intestinal obstruction resulting from inflammation.
Complications of vomiting due to inflammation of the pancreas
The consequences of vomiting in acute pancreatitis can cause the following disorders:
- Electrolytic - recognized as the heaviest. Vomiting attacks flush out sodium, calcium and chlorine ions from the body of the individual, which contributes to muscle failure and a decrease in nervous regulation. As a result, the individual's consciousness is disturbed, vomit enters the respiratory tract. Some patients experience respiratory arrest.
- Frequent vomiting in acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. In this case, vomiting acts provoke the reflux of intestinal contents. As a result of aggressive exposure, erosive and ulcerative lesions are formed, which can lead to the development of Mallory-Weiss syndrome (lesion of the esophageal mucosa).
- Hypovolemic shock, in which the patient shows the following symptoms: decreased pressure, deterioration of consciousness, hypoxia. In this case, urgent medical attention is required.
Pancreatitis should be treated early to avoid serious complications.
Whatvomiting in acute pancreatitis?
For the first time, the ailment that has arisen downstream is quite severe. An individual suddenly develops an acute pain in the left hypochondrium, which rapidly spreads throughout the abdomen and radiates to the back. Pain accompanies an attack of nausea. After a short period of time, vomiting appears, caused by intoxication and inflammation in the pancreas. At the same time, it is painful, repeated many times and does not bring relief. Nausea does not stop between attacks.
It should be noted that vomiting in acute edematous or hemorrhagic pancreatitis is different. In the first case, it is multiple and with a large amount of vomit. They contain the remains of undigested food, bile, mucus. After several sips of water, there is an increase in vomiting. In rare cases, vomit resembles coffee grounds. The reason for this phenomenon is bleeding from eroded vessels of the organ. Approximately on the third day, relief is observed, vomiting stops after the appointment of the necessary treatment and partial removal of edema.
In the second case, vomiting is incessant and profuse. Alcohol-smelling vomit, mushy in consistency, consisting of undigested food, bile and blood.
Characteristic of vomiting. Medicines to eliminate it
In acute attacks of the disease, a feeling of nausea and vomiting is present in more than ninety percent of patients. The nature of vomiting in acute pancreatitis is reflex, i.e., the signal to it is laid in the pancreasgland. It rapidly reaches the vomiting center located in the medulla oblongata, and then the act of vomiting itself follows directly. In addition, the reflex mechanism can be triggered in the presence of complications such as mechanical intestinal obstruction. At the same time, intoxication caused by the decay products of pancreatic tissues provokes the occurrence of a central vomiting act.
Medicines for nausea and vomiting are blockers of the following receptors:
- Dopamine - Raglan, Cerucal, Torekan, Motilium.
- Histamine - "Bonin".
- Serotonin – Navoban, Zofran.
The effect of the above medicines on the body of the individual is different. When taking them, be sure to familiarize yourself with the contraindications. The right choice can only be made by the attending physician. The most popular are drugs for nausea and vomiting, such as Cerucal and Motilium.
What should I do if I vomit?
When an attack occurs, you must:
- Calm the individual and provide them with peace.
- Remove or unbutton tight clothing to allow breathing and movement.
- Help the patient into a comfortable position to reduce pain. Convince him not to take sharp and deep breaths.
In addition, drugs are shown that help replenish the electrolyte balance and fluid in the patient's body:
- Infusion solutions.
- Analgesics (as prescribed by a doctor). Self-administration is prohibited.
- Anspasmodics.
- Antiemetics - they are used for incessant vomiting, even against the background of ongoing therapy. Most often, the following medicines are used, which are injected: Osetron, Domperidone, Metoclopramide. Vomiting pills for acute pancreatitis are ineffective, as they do not have time to be absorbed.
Emergency medical care is of paramount importance, since inflammation of the pancreas in an acute form threatens the life of the individual.
Diet food
With the help of a diet that should be followed in acute pancreatitis, conditions are created under which secretion is temporarily weakened and the pancreas is in a state of functional rest. In other words, the food taken should reduce the activity of digestive enzymes and ensure the normal outflow of pancreatic juice. It is the failure of the latter that contributes to the occurrence of acute inflammation of the pancreas. After making a diagnosis for a period of three to five days, complete fasting is recommended, and then eating sparing food. Consider the basic rules of the diet:
- Eating up to eight meals a day. Subsequently - five.
- The introduction of foods that activate digestion, as well as an increase in calories to 2500 per day, is carried out gradually.
- Food is steamed, boiled, baked or stewed.
- The second or third broth is used for making soups.
- Stale bread.
- Food temperature should be medium.
- Meat, poultry and fish are pre-boiled, and then various dishes are prepared from them.dishes.
- Within three days after the attack, warm liquids are taken in small volumes - decoctions of currants, rose hips, tea and kefir drinks, mineral alkaline water without gas. Further, the volume of daily fluid intake is gradually adjusted to two liters.
- The composition of the diet is a limited amount of carbohydrates and fats, an increased amount of proteins.
A strict diet is followed from a week to a month and a half, then it is allowed to switch to an extended one. The doctor determines the duration of its observance individually, depending on the severity of the course of the disease.
Regardless of the variant of the disease, the following foods are prohibited:
- alcohol, coffee, carbonated drinks;
- fatty varieties of poultry, meat and fish;
- bakery products - muffins, fresh pastries;
- smoked and raw smoked sausages;
- chocolate;
- sweets;
- marinades;
- fried foods;
- strong meat and vegetable broths;
- legumes;
- fresh vegetables and fruits;
- animal fats;
- butter;
- milk;
- sour cream;
- spices.
What do you eat with acute pancreatitis? The following products are allowed for consumption:
- Rabbit, turkey, chicken, lean beef and pork, pollock, cod, pike perch, etc.
- After heat treatment - pumpkin, beets, carrots, potatoes.
- Cereals - buckwheat, oatmeal, barley, rice.
- Wheat bread baked the day before.
- Pastaproducts.
- Olive oil, sunflower oil, butter, milk and sour cream (cooking only).
- Sour-milk - kefir, cottage cheese, cheese with a low percentage of fat.
- Non-acidic and unsweetened jelly, fruit compotes, still mineral water, rosehip or blackcurrant decoction, weak tea.
Strict adherence to a diet after an attack contributes not only to a speedy recovery, but also significantly reduces the risk of relapses and the flow of the disease into the chronic stage.
Medication "Domperidone" and analogues
In the pharmacy network, the drug is presented under different trade names: Motilium, Motilak, Motonium and others.
It has a combined therapeutic effect. Unlike other antiemetic drugs, it blocks peripheral dopamine receptors to a greater extent, increases the motor and transport activity of the stomach, and also removes the inhibitory effect of dopamine on the motor function of the gastrointestinal tract. As a result of its intake, the patient eliminates nausea, stops vomiting, and in addition, the manifestations of indigestion are reduced. Domperidone analogs:
- Prokinetic: "Trimedat" - relieves symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and flatulence.
- Full - Metoclopramide, which is completely similar to Domperidone.
- Antiemetics: Ondansetron is effective for treating vomiting.
Enzyme preparations for pancreatitis
Due to disruption of synthesisenzymes that occur with this pathology, food processing is carried out poorly, the processes of fat splitting fail, and pain appears in the epigastric region. Therefore, the complex treatment includes the intake of enzyme substances. The instructions for use for Creon (the price and reviews of this drug are in the article) detail the rules for taking it. It helps to compensate for the lack of pancreatic enzymes, and is also necessary to support digestion in the chronic stage of the disease. The composition of the active ingredient is close to human and is represented by amylase, protease and lipase. The agent, subject to the rules of administration and the recommended dose, is well tolerated. It is forbidden to take it during exacerbation of acute pancreatitis. The reason is that in this condition there is an active development of inflammation, and taking "Creon" will contribute to the appearance of undesirable reactions. Most often they are represented by diarrhea or constipation, general weakness, pain in the stomach, vomiting, nausea and allergic manifestations.
You can return to taking the medicine after two weeks, when the inflammation and pain subside. It is important to remember that long-term use of enzyme preparations is undesirable so as not to completely suppress the production of one's own secret. In order to avoid complications, do not use the drug without consulting the attending doctor - such a warning is also available in the official instructions for the use of Creon.
Price and reviews should be discussed separately. Depending on therelease forms, the price per package ranges from 330 to 1590 rubles. Patients say it's not that expensive. You can buy the drug at any pharmacy without a prescription. In addition, this medicine is included in the list of medicines dispensed under free prescriptions. Reviews about the drug are only positive: to achieve the result, you should strictly adhere to the dose prescribed by the doctor. "Creon" is allowed to be given to children. The drug is safe and effective.
