Reduced hemoglobin is reflected both in appearance and in the internal state of a person. The reasons for its decrease can be different, and the consequences cause serious harm to the body. A disease in which hemoglobin levels are below normal is called anemia. It proceeds with varying degrees of complexity, but it is successfully treated at any stage. In the article, we will consider why hemoglobin drops to 90 g / l and how to deal with this situation.
What is hemoglobin and its norm?
Blood contains erythrocytes and leukocytes, which play an important role in the body. Red blood cells deliver oxygen to the organs, saturate them with blood and remove carbon dioxide. Leukocytes are responsible for immunity and protect the body from factors that negatively affect he alth.
Erythrocytes contain iron-containing protein - this is hemoglobin. It is thanks to him that the blood has a red color, this is explained by the biological interaction of iron and oxygen ions. With its deficiency, the organs experience a deficiency of oxygen, which is fraught with the occurrencehe alth complications and a decrease in hemoglobin to 90 in women, men and children.
There are indicators of the normal level of hemoglobin, they differ depending on the sex and age of the person:
- For men, the norm is considered to be from 130 to 170 g / l, with a significantly lower or higher indicator, it is necessary to undergo a course of therapy.
- For women, the limit of 120-150 g/l is considered the norm.
- Hemoglobin in children is calculated differently than in adults, its norm in newborns, children of preschool and school age has different values.
After surgery, major blood loss, during childbearing, after childbirth, hemoglobin is calculated based on the data below.
How is the analysis given?
Because low hemoglobin is manifested by numerous symptoms, an analysis that determines its level is prescribed very often. If the results of the analysis showed a decrease in hemoglobin to 90 g / l, then the person will be offered hospitalization for the purpose of examination, treatment and observation.
For the correct calculation and determination of exact indicators, it is necessary to take an analysis, observing the following conditions:
- rented on an empty stomach;
- last meal should be no later than 8 hours before going to the laboratory;
- Allowed to drink non-carbonated water.
If an analysis for glycated hemoglobin is prescribed, then eating, drinking and physical activity are allowed here, since they do not affect the results. The exception is medications for the treatment of diabetes - they distort the indicators. For the reliability of the data, their reception should be avoided whenever possible.
During a complete blood count, a sample is taken from a finger. It takes less than 2 minutes and is almost painless. Within an hour or 2-3 days, depending on the speed of the service, a result is issued, which indicates the number of leukocytes and erythrocytes, ESR and hemoglobin level. A more detailed analysis indicates the leukocyte formula, sugar level and other indicators.
Symptoms and causes of decline
If hemoglobin drops to 90, there may be several reasons:
- age characteristics, insufficient amounts of trace elements come from food;
- unbalanced diet or frequent/long-term diets;
- chronic infectious processes in the body;
- upper respiratory infections, influenza;
- blood diseases;
- autoimmune diseases;
- the period of pregnancy and lactation, when the body needs an increased amount of trace elements and vitamins;
- stress;
- smoking, drinking alcohol;
- presence of parasites in the body;
- donation.
Low hemoglobin is manifested by dystonic and asthenic symptoms. The first of them include:
- unnatural hair loss and slow hair growth;
- increase in body temperature for no apparent reason;
- pigmentation on nailsplates, as well as their delamination, deformation, brittleness;
- small sores at the corners of the mouth causing discomfort;
- dry skin;
- sudden urge to eat chalk, clay, charcoal, raw meat or other unfit foods;
- desire to inhale a strong chemical smell, e.g. paint, thinner, acetone.
Asthenic symptoms include:
- low blood pressure;
- rapid heart rate;
- fainting;
- dizziness;
- feeling worse, weakness, lack of sleep, fatigue.
Consequences
Hemoglobin levels below 90 in women, men and children can exacerbate existing he alth problems or cause new ones.
Among the consequences are:
- Development of varying degrees of anemia.
- Decrease in immunity and body defenses, against which colds and infectious diseases develop.
- Children have reduced academic performance and concentration, delayed growth and development of mental abilities, and increased fatigue.
- Reduced performance.
- Changing body tissues.
- Poor organ function.
- The development of heart disease. Since the heart lacks oxygen, it works in an enhanced mode, which often leads to the development of cardiomyopathy. The heart skips 2 times more than the norm of blood, over time, left ventricular hypertrophy occurs.
- The load on the liver increases, which leads to its increase.
- Swelling of the limbs.
Why does hemoglobin decrease in women?
After passing the test, the doctor explains why hemoglobin drops to 90, what it means for a woman and what measures should be taken.
The main causes of anemia lie in women's passion for diets, reduced activity, unbalanced diet, constant desire to lose weight.
In addition, a sharp decrease in hemoglobin can be caused by heavy and prolonged periods, which, in turn, indicate problems with the stomach or gynecological diseases. Iron deficiency can be caused by various neoplasms occurring in the reproductive organs, such as fibroids or cysts.
The result of the analysis with an indicator of 90-100 g / l may indicate an inflammatory process in the woman's body. With such values, the doctor will prescribe a diagnosis to identify the cause.
Hemoglobin at the level of 100 g/l is also not the norm and, as a rule, is detected in mature women. Its main causes are existing chronic diseases and weakened immunity.
When Pregnant
Especially dangerous low hemoglobin - up to 90 - during pregnancy. Lack of oxygen leads to the development of various pathologies, fetal hypoxia, increases the risk of unsuccessful delivery and miscarriage. The immunity of the expectant mother is reduced, while the likelihood of viral and bacterial diseases increases.
If hemoglobin drops below the levelat 86 g / l, a pregnant woman is prescribed immediate medical treatment. Abnormal levels of glycated hemoglobin indicate possible pathologies in the body, including developing diabetes.
Iron deficiency anemia can be caused by a lack of a dietary element or by the following factors:
- hormonal imbalance;
- taking antibiotics;
- small time (less than 3 years) after a previous pregnancy;
- intestinal dysbacteriosis;
- diarrhea;
- psycho-emotional disorders;
- existing chronic diseases.
Decrease in children
A child's hemoglobin level is calculated based on their age. Hemoglobin 90 in a child of the first days of life most often indicates a lack of iron in the mother's body during the period of bearing a baby. Also, anemia in an infant may be the result of illnesses suffered by a woman or if the pregnancy was multiple.
During the first months, the hemoglobin level of the newborn decreases - this is considered the norm. However, if it reaches 86 g / l, the baby is carefully monitored, often the reason lies in malnutrition, then artificial complementary foods are introduced into the newborn's diet.
The norm of hemoglobin in a child up to 12 months is 100-140 g/l. At a lower value, the baby does not receive enough oxygen, and growth and development begin to slow down.
For a teenager, the normal rate is 120-160 g/l. It should be noted that childhood anemia negatively affects the digestive organs, brain activity, the state of blood vessels and growth.
Decreased hemoglobin in men
A decrease in hemoglobin to 90 in a man does not always lead to he alth complications and can occur for various reasons. For example, during sleep, hemoglobin is always low, and after waking up it rises to a normal level.
Most often, anemia in men is indicated by an unbalanced diet, lack of an active lifestyle, environmental conditions, and rare exposure to fresh air.
Rarely this condition is provoked:
- slagging of the body;
- poor metabolism;
- blood diseases;
- neoplasms;
- diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
- frequent donation.
How to increase hemoglobin?
If you notice a drop in hemoglobin to 90 g/l, then you should listen to the doctor's recommendations and start treatment.
The main therapeutic and preventive measures are the saturation of the diet with iron-containing foods. It is necessary to observe the diet, eat he althy food, do not snack on the go.
For mild anemia, your doctor will prescribe a diet that includes foods high in iron.
In more advanced cases, drug treatment is prescribed. If the indicators do not normalize within a week, the doctor will offer to undergo treatment in a hospital where the person will be followedround the clock surveillance. When hemoglobin is below 90 g / l, a transfusion of erythrocyte suspension is prescribed to quickly increase the indicator.
Among other things, you need to change your lifestyle, try to move more, be outdoors more often, walk.
Drugs
The use of any medications must be agreed with the attending physician. Taking into account all the individual characteristics, possible allergic reactions, the doctor will prescribe the most effective drug with a dosage adjustment.
The most popular hemoglobin-boosting drugs include:
- "M altofer".
- "Ferrumlek".
- "Hemobin".
- "Totem".
- "Fefol".
- "Hemofer".
Iron-containing preparations in liquid form are better absorbed and tolerated by the body. Tablets can cause bloating, flatulence and constipation.
The course of treatment is prescribed by a specialist, its terms directly depend on the severity of the disease. Sometimes a ten-day therapy is enough, in difficult cases, the reception is longer and combined with dietary nutrition.
What to eat
When hemoglobin drops to 90, what to do next and how to eat, says the attending physician. Periodic examinations are also scheduled to monitor the indicator.
With a low hemoglobin level, it is strongly recommended to pay attention to your diet. Food should be more balanced andvaried, include as many iron-rich foods as possible.
Foods containing iron include:
- Meat: beef, lamb, rabbit.
- Eggs: quail, chicken.
- Nuts: walnuts, hazelnuts, almonds.
- Fruits: quince, persimmon, pears, apples, pomegranate.
- Vegetables: beets, carrots.
- Greens: parsley, dill, spinach.
- Grains.
- Beans.
- Berries.
It should be clarified that calcium impairs the absorption of iron, so iron-containing foods should not be consumed together with dairy products, it is better if they are taken at different times.
Any disease is easier to prevent than to cure. Regular walks in the fresh air not only prevent the decrease in hemoglobin to 90 g / l, but also promote deep sleep, have a beneficial effect on the nervous system and metabolism. Good nutrition improves overall he alth and prevents the development of numerous diseases.
