The physiological feature of every woman is the menstrual cycle, which ensures her reproductive function. There are three periods in it - the maturation of the dominant follicle, ovulation, the formation of the corpus luteum. The beginning of the cycle is considered the first day of menstruation. In the first phase, the influence of estrogen is observed, the maximum concentration of which leads to the release of the egg into the abdominal cavity, after which the content of progesterone increases.
The concept of "ovulation"
In a normal menstrual cycle, ovulation occurs 13-15 days from the first day of menstruation. The result of this process is the transportation of the egg ready for fertilization into the fallopian tube. The duration of the ovulatory stage is about one hour, the ability to conceive lasts one day. The ovulatory period is distinguished, during which the exit of the female germ cell is possible. Physically, a woman does not ovulate at the momentfeels, it is only possible to calculate it with a regular cycle. But scientific studies have identified the causes of a condition when a woman pulls her back after ovulation.
Ovulation diagnostic methods
There are several simple methods for determining the presence of ovulation available to every woman.
- basal temperature graph is the value of temperature at rest, measured during the menstrual cycle with a mercury thermometer in the rectum in the morning of every day immediately after sleeping in bed. A sign of the release of the egg is an increase in temperature during the ovulatory period;
- cycle of functional tests - a symptom of the "pupil" (opening of the cervical canal under the influence of female sex hormones in the first phase of the menstrual cycle; the study is carried out when examining the internal genital organs in the mirrors), "fern" (crystallization of cervical mucus, which can traced under a microscope), stretching of vaginal discharge with a maximum concentration of estrogenic hormones;
- calendar method - ovulation occurs approximately in the middle of the cycle (at 28 days - on day 14, at 30 days - on day 15);
- ultrasound examination of the uterus, its appendages with folliculometry three times per cycle - phases of proliferation, ovulation, secretion. A sign of ovulation is the disappearance of the dominant follicle, the appearance of fluid in the Douglas space;
- ovulation tests - first of all whenit is necessary to calculate the estimated day of rupture of the dominant follicle, add and subtract 2-3 days each (for example, with a 28-day cycle, ovulation is expected on day 14, following from this, a woman will do tests on days 12, 13, 14, 15, 16). These tests are based on measuring the amount of luteinizing hormone in the urine, the concentration of which rises to a maximum one day before ovulation.
The concept of "ovulatory syndrome"
Sometimes in women after ovulation pulls the lower back, they feel discomfort in the ovaries, pouring, soreness of the mammary glands, discharge from the genital tract. These signs indicate the presence of ovulatory syndrome. This is a condition after a small concentration of blood enters the abdominal cavity after the release of the egg from the dominant follicle. The rupture of the ovarian membrane, the subsequent movement of the germ cell through the fallopian tube is accompanied by pain on the side of ovulation, is the cause of pulling pain in the lower abdomen and lower back. In addition, the level of progestogen hormones in the blood rises, conditions are created for the possible implantation of a fertilized egg into the wall of the uterus, which may be the reason that pulls back during pregnancy. Progesterone is produced by the so-called corpus luteum (the follicle from which the reproductive cell emerged).
Why pulls the lower back after ovulation? Pain after ovulation is not always a pathology, it can be explained by the high sensitivity of a woman. In addition to unpleasant sensations, there is also a change in discharge fromcervical canal for the following reasons:
- liquefaction due to the action of the hormone released during the rupture of the follicle (until now, the mucus was thick, covering the internal uterine os);
- preparing the genital tract for sperm transport;
- mucus exclusively in the middle of the ovulatory cycle is released in large quantities, thick, viscous;
- inclusions of a brownish color - the norm, bright, red - pathology.
Normal pains are considered if:
- pain duration no more than two days;
- moderate intensity observed;
- inherent simultaneous discomfort in the mammary glands, typical for this period mucous discharge from the vagina;
- general weakness, change in tastes, smell perception, insomnia, reduced performance, irritability, suspiciousness.
A woman pulls her lower back after ovulation: causes, factors
Physiologically, a woman may feel pain at the time of ovulation, which lasts for some time, and there is a certain explanation for this. A woman pulls her lower back after ovulation for the following reasons:
- Pregnancy.
- Diseases - cystitis, adnexitis, ovarian cyst, colitis.
- Disorders of the menstrual function - algomenorrhea.
- Genital infections - chlamydia, trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, mycoplasmosis.
- Violation of the integrity of the walls of the ovary, fallopian tube.
Pregnancy
The most common reason for pulling the lower back after ovulation is pregnancy,otherwise - the period of attachment of the embryo to the wall of the uterus (rupture of blood capillaries). The intensity, as mentioned above, depends on the woman's pain threshold - the lower the threshold, the longer the pain persists, then disappears and may reappear simultaneously with a delay in menstruation.
About pregnancy, in addition to pulling the lower back after ovulation, indicates:
- sensitivity of the mammary glands, their increase;
- blood from the vagina in low concentrations;
- subfebrile body temperature for a while.
Ovulatory syndrome after trauma to the ovary
After ovulation, it can pull the ovary area, lower back due to injury to the walls of the fallopian tube, ovary, ligaments. The pain is stabbing, aggravated by any load.
Causes of damage to the uterine appendages:
- heavy loads at work;
- active intercourse;
- lifting heavy objects;
- favorable factor - stress (causes an increase in hormones, after which tissue density changes).
The main cause of the pathology is determined by ultrasound examination of the uterus and its appendages.
Ovarian cyst and pain after ovulation
A benign neoplasm of the ovary of a rounded shape is called a cyst. It is a common disease of the female genital area. The cyst is filled with serous fluid.
During the ovulatory menstrual cycle in the areathe location of the torn follicle, a follicular cyst appears, it can also develop at the site of the corpus luteum in the second half of the cycle. Often it does not manifest itself in any way, and when an inflammatory process occurs, it pulls the ovary and lower back after ovulation. Necessarily it is necessary to remove neoplasms, because they can rupture with the occurrence of irritation of the peritoneum (peritonitis), acute abdomen, which requires an extended operation on the pelvic organs. If the pain persists for 3 or more days, you should seek medical help from a gynecologist.
Inflammatory processes of the genitourinary system
This is a fairly common cause of what pulls back after ovulation in women of reproductive age. At the same time, microbial factors penetrate into the walls of organs, multiply there, secrete waste products, decay, which causes discomfort in the lower abdomen (cystitis), in the lumbar region on the side of the pathology (pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis).
Symptomatic of diseases of the urinary system:
- high body temperature;
- pain when urinating;
- the appearance of a dark sediment in the urine;
- blood in urine.
With the development of inflammation of the uterine appendages or uterus, pain spreads to the coccyx, buttocks, lower back; the nature of the pain is acute, attacks.
Intestinal problems and ovulatory syndrome
Modern girls, women, when pain appears, do not go to the doctor, but take it off on their own with drugs thanmake a big mistake, because it can distort the main picture of the disease, which affects the diagnosis, treatment of the pathological condition. If you pull your lower back a week after ovulation, you can suspect the presence of an intestinal pathology - colitis.
The age of women is up to 36 years. The reason for the increase in pain a week after ovulation is the dulling of the symptoms of colitis during the ovulatory period due to the influence of female hormones.
Malignant processes of the reproductive system
Women of reproductive age are vulnerable to genital cancer. According to statistics, if after ovulation the lower abdomen and lower back are pulled for 15 or more days, cancer is diagnosed in one woman out of 10,000.
The main signs of a malignant process in the genital area:
- Profuse vaginal discharge.
- Blood and mucus from the cervical canal.
- Changes in body temperature for no apparent reason.
- Dramatic weight loss.
- General weakness, headaches.
- Depressive states, neuroses.
- Disabled.
It is necessary for every woman to remember that cancer in the initial stages does not manifest itself in any way, therefore it is necessary to undergo a medical examination by a gynecologist at least once a year, pass all mandatory tests, smears, check the mammary glands.
Appendicitis after egg release
This is an acute surgical disease of the appendicular process that requires immediate surgical intervention. The main symptom of this pathology is pain in the projection area of the organ -right iliac part. It must be remembered that there are still right uterine appendages. Therefore, if, after ovulation, the stomach and lower back are pulled, it is necessary to carry out a differential diagnosis of appendicitis with ovulatory syndrome. In the inflammatory process of the appendix, a woman takes a characteristic position in bed - on her left side with bent, legs pulled up to her stomach ("fetal position"). If an acute abdomen is suspected, analgesics are contraindicated.
To distinguish the signs of ovulatory syndrome from other diseases that may be the cause of lower back pain after ovulation, girls are advised to keep their menstrual cycle calendar, measure basal temperature, and examine cervical mucus. At the first symptoms of the pathological process, immediately consult a doctor and do not self-medicate, as you can miss a serious illness, which will lead to the development of complications. At the same time, it must be remembered that a week pulls the lower back after ovulation in case of illness, and in case of ovulatory syndrome - two or three days.
