Psychology studies the mental processes, properties and states of the individual. The first are the elementary units of the psyche that ensure its functioning. Allocate mental cognitive processes (sensation, perception, memory, thinking, imagination) and attention. The latter is not an independent process, but regulates others, and also rebuilds the psyche in response to changing environmental conditions.
Psychic properties characterize stable phenomena that prevail in a particular individual: anxiety, suspiciousness, rigidity, lability, extraversion-introversion, etc. Mental states mean temporary peculiarities of mental activity that characterize the attitude of the individual to everything that happens around. The intellectual state of a person is singled out as a special group.
Intellectual states are those that arise in the process of mental activity, as well as intellectual emotions. Let's dwell on this in more detail.
Surprise
The intellectual states of a person were known in ancient Greece. So, Aristotle believed that in the processknowledge, the transition from simple things to more complex things is possible thanks to surprise. This emotion is also valuable because a person understands his attitude to an object or phenomenon without preliminary analysis and evaluation. Such is the intellectual state.
Surprised, people learn something new, make scientific discoveries. After all, what caused surprise contradicts the ideas that a person has, therefore, stimulates the knowledge of the unknown. It is not for nothing that teaching methods for preschoolers and primary school students are based on the unity of affect and intellect. Such methods change the intellectual state of a person. Examples: children close their eyes, and the teacher dresses up as a good fairy; the teacher starts explaining a new topic with a riddle, etc.
There is no opposite emotion to surprise, but surprise itself can be unpleasant in some circumstances.
Thoughtfulness
Thoughtfulness refers to such an intellectual state of a person when he is immersed in reflection. It is characterized by immobility, inexpressive facial expressions, slow reactions, monotonous speech.
This state is welcome in situations where you need to solve a problem, cope with a difficult task, find a way out. But being overly self-absorbed can lead to misfortune like a car accident or a sign of mental illness.
Interest
Conditioninterest is characterized by the interaction of intellectual, emotional and volitional components. Interest is based on an orienting reflex, but these states are not identical. Having orientated in the situation, a person may cease to be interested in it, or, conversely, the reflex goes away, but interest remains.
Interest in the profession, rather, refers to personal qualities, but awareness of the significance of one's work, the desire to improve one's skills and focus on professional problems require the active participation of the intellect.
In order to avoid professional deformation and narrowing of horizons, professional interest should be combined with manifestations of curiosity in other areas, intellectual responsiveness to the knowledge gained. This is how the intellectual state of a person is formed. Examples: a preschool teacher is actively interested in the theater, a turner is gaining driving skills, a programmer is learning the basics of web design, etc.
Curiosity
This state is adjacent to interest. Facts, in relation to which curiosity is manifested, capture, contain intrigue, encourage active actions to clarify the situation. Such an intellectual state of a person is characterized by the words “interesting”, “exciting”, “curious”, etc.
There are two types of curiosity: self-interest and curiosity. In the first case, the individual seeks to know everything for the purpose of narcissism, is interested in affairs and things to which he has nothing to do. The inquisitive tends to desire to acquire systematic knowledge for good purposes.
Creative inspiration
This state is a synthesis of emotional and intellectual components. Most often, inspiration is experienced by representatives of creative professions (artists, composers, writers), but something similar is familiar to each of us. These are the moments of finding a solution to a mathematical problem, a way to fix a broken machine, writing a term paper, etc.
The state of sudden insight, when it suddenly becomes clear how to act, in psychology is called insight. This is an amazing intellectual state of man. Examples of words that come to mind at such moments: “Eureka!”, “Hurrah! Found it!”, “How did I not guess before!”.
During insight, one feels an extraordinary surge of strength, perception is sharpened, fantasy throws up original combinations of images, performance goes off scale, everything seems fine.
In fact, the state of insight is not at all sudden. It's just that all the mental work leading to the achievement of the goal took place at the subconscious level, and at the right moment the consciousness received the right answers.
Monotony (boredom)
This intellectual state is characteristic of a person deprived of communication with other people or forced to do monotonous routine work for a long time. Manifestations of monotony are more typical for the inhabitants of the taiga, the inhabitants of the lands beyond the Arctic Circle, but people experiencingboredom, meet anywhere.
A person suffering from monotony is not able to establish relationships with other people and organize their activities in such a way as to experience moral satisfaction. Sometimes monotony arises from a large amount of free time that you don’t want to occupy with anything. Boredom is also caused by serious troubles, experienced grief, chronic fatigue.
Chronic boredom is one of the problems of modern society. People are increasingly turning to specialists about the fact that they do not see incentives for life, do not know how to cheer themselves up. Short-term ways of getting pleasure are used (cigarettes, alcohol, promiscuous sex, etc.), but they do not relieve the blues. It helps to correct the situation by identifying personally and socially significant motives, ways to make the work performed attractive, and finding communication partners.
Intellectual state of a person: category of state (examples)
Everything that happens to an individual is indicated by the language units that are used in speech. In Russian, there are words denoting the intellectual state of a person: "interesting", "clear", "understandable", etc. Otherwise, they are called predicates. Some researchers refer these lexical units to adverbs.
Vocabulary characterizing the intellectual state of a person (category of state) includes words that are part of the grammatical basis or simply part of impersonal sentences. These words do not have specific morphemic features. By cases, persons andstate category numbers do not change. Like adverbs, most of the lexical units denoting the intellectual state of a person have the suffix -o-: "boring", "amazing", etc.
In the sentence, the vocabulary of the state category is consistent with proper names in the dative case (Ivan understood the condition of the problem) or are used in a generalized sense (It is clear that we will not make it on the plane).
Peculiarities of mental states
Any intellectual state of a person is integral, mobile and relatively stable. Manifestations of a particular state characterize the psyche as a whole. So, if an individual is confident in his beliefs, then he has a system of knowledge, does not doubt that he is right, and shows willpower for successful practical activity.
The mobility of mental states lies in the fact that, although they are longer than processes, they still proceed in time, have a beginning, development dynamics and completion. Steady states eventually become personal qualities (focus, thoughtfulness, etc.).
Mental processes, states and properties are closely related. In certain combinations, they form the individual image of a person.
