In 1962, when the first strong drugs of this class appeared, no one predicted such a success for them. They were invented as a treatment for urinary tract infections, but later they became the most popular antibiotics. In medical practice, this drug group began to be actively used only in the 80s of the XX century. And today antibiotics fluoroquinolones are simply indispensable in the treatment of respiratory diseases. On the territory of Russia, a worldwide classification of these antibiotics by generation is popular. But, unfortunately, this division of drugs does not allow us to identify their chemical composition and spectrum of action. Therefore, most often they talk about fluoroquinolones (antibiotics), highlighting 2 groups - old and new.
Medicine classification
The drugs of the old group include Ofloxacin, Enoxacin, Ciprofloxacin and others. New antibiotics are Sparfloxacin, Clinafloxacin, Moxifloxacin. However, some of the developed drugs are no longer produced, as scientists have found serious side effects.when applying them.
Use of antibiotics
This group of drugs has traditionally been used for diseases of the urinary system, intestinal infections and diseases that are sexually transmitted. Unfortunately, fluoroquinolones are rarely used for the treatment of respiratory diseases, although they are able to actively influence some types of pathogens.
The effect of drugs
Antibiotics fluoroquinolones are perfectly absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract and are maximally concentrated in liquid tissues 3 hours after their use. If you eat food at the same time, active absorption will slow down slightly, but the action will be just as active. The mechanism of action of the drugs is to inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV of microbes, so there is no cross-resistance with other antimicrobial agents. These antibiotics are widely used in gynecology (diseases of the female reproductive system), in particular for inflammation of the pelvic organs, which occur due to the vigorous activity of microorganisms penetrating the upper genital tract. It is recommended to take quinolones on an empty stomach, although it is also acceptable to use after a meal.
Side effects
Antibiotics Fluoroquinolones are well tolerated by oral and intravenous injections. Adverse reactions are rare, but if they occur, they usually affect the activity of the digestive tract and the functioning of the nervous system. Nausea, diarrhea, headache,dizziness, convulsions, nervousness. In general, this group of antibiotics is characterized by excellent pharmacokinetic parameters.
The main stages of action of fluoroquinolones
- Penetration through the membrane into the cell.
- Inhibition of the enzyme DNA gyrase.
- DNA biosynthesis.
- Destruction of the cell division algorithm.
- Changing the cell structure.
- Cell death.
This group of antibiotics is widely used in medicine, and if used correctly, can provide effective support to human he alth.
