Acquired hereditary and senile keratosis (keratoma) are types of non-inflammatory diseases that spread on the patient's skin. Such a disease is referred to as a serious cosmetic problem that damages the skin and adversely affects the overall appearance of a person. The benign nature of the mass during keratosis can quickly change to malignant.
Definition of keratosis
Skin keratosis is a collection of all dermatological diseases that are distinguished by their non-inflammatory nature. The disease leads to the appearance of a dense pink ball on the surface of the skin, greatly slowing down the process of exfoliation of the skin. A photo of senile keratosis of the skin and treatment is presented below.
With the growth of hard cells, such a disease can provoke the appearance of unpleasant symptoms, the formation of cracks, ulcers with bleeding, burning and strongitching. The main causes of keratosis include the following factors:
- heredity;
- age-related changes in the human body, which lead to the appearance of the senile form of the lesion;
- infectious diseases;
- problems with the functioning of the nervous system;
- disturbances in the functioning of the endocrine system;
- lack of beneficial trace elements and vitamins in the body;
- cancerous lesion of internal organs in humans;
- different types of external influence: chemical components, mechanical influence and ultraviolet.
Main varieties and forms of lesions
Hereditary keratosis can take the following forms:
- Ichthyosis - problems with hardening of the skin. This state always manifests itself in different ways - from a slight peeling to the development of scales on the skin.
- Follicular keratosis - a lesion forms in the hair follicle, while their cork hardens and the hair stops growing normally.
- Keratoderma of the heels and palms - spreads symmetrically in the stratum corneum and skin.
- Mibelli's porokeratosis - the formation of gray nodes on the skin with a cone shape.
- Congenital polykeratosis - includes several forms of keratosis that can cause problems with the functioning of the nervous system and other lesions.
Acquired form of keratosis is classified into:
- infectious - occurs against the background of various sexually transmitted diseases, withpulmonary tuberculosis;
- symptomatic - occurs with problems with the endocrine system and other disorders in the functioning of the central nervous system;
- para-oncological - accompanies various diseases of malignant organs;
- professional - occurs when the body is exposed to mechanical, chemical and reactive factors;
- mechanical - a large number of calluses appear on the hands and feet;
- vitaminous - appears when the human body lacks fat-splitting vitamins.
Senile keratosis of the skin is divided into the following types:
- Age-related - occurs at the onset of significant age-related changes in the body that begin against the background of aging, including problems with the functioning of the sebaceous glands.
- Actinic - Described by increased exposure to ultraviolet light.
- Seborrheic form - on the skin of a person there are many formations that are similar in shape to moles and warts. They can be of different types: age spots, moles, various formations. Such moles can appear on any part of the body, excluding the palms and feet.
Danger of rebirth of the disease
Skin keratosis and cancer are directly related to each other. Keratomas are by their nature benign in nature, but in some cases they degenerate into a malignant form. Neoplasms of this type are very difficult to distinguish. It is almost impossible to detect cancer or keratosis in a person with a visual method.
For this, a histological examination is used, which helps to determine the type of keratoma. A very common keratosis may indicate the presence of cancer in the internal organs of a person. According to statistics, out of 9 thousand patients with keratoma, 900 were diagnosed with skin cancer. Photo of senile keratosis of the skin can be viewed below.
Symptoms of disease
The most common sign of senile keratosis (or senile keratoma) is a mass that forms on exposed areas of the body, such as the back, chest, and forearms. In some cases, the formations also extend to the neck, head and hands. In size, such a seal can vary from 1 millimeter to a couple of centimeters.
Often, the neoplasm is distinguished by its round shape and does not have pronounced boundaries. Spots on the skin can be pink and yellow to dark brown and black. They also have a rough surface under the film, with physical impact, blood begins to come out of it. When the film is compacted, the edges of the keratoma change to an irregular shape.
Main complications
Treatment of senile keratosis of the skin can take quite a long time. An advanced form of such a disease can provoke dangerous complications that negatively affect human life.
The most common complications include:
- Rebirth to a malignant form. Keratoma can change to a malignant nature, leading to life-threateningconsequences.
- Problems with the endocrine system.
- Beginning of tooth loss. Such a complication can occur with a congenital form of polykeratosis.
- Microbial eczema is an inflammatory process in the skin.
Diagnostic measures
To determine the form of the disease and prescribe a comprehensive and effective treatment, you should use the following diagnostics:
- Conduct an examination with a dermatologist. The doctor will conduct an external examination of the patient, evaluate the general condition of the skin.
- Histological examination. It is important to conduct such a study if malignant degeneration of the tumor is suspected and before surgery.
- Dermatoscopy - examination of the skin with a special device with the possibility of increasing.
- Biopsy - collection of patient's biomaterial from a diseased area of the body to determine the form of the disease.
- Ultrasound examination - identification of the severity and overall depth of the lesion.
Drugs and Diet
When a person is at risk of changing keratosis to a cancerous tumor, patients are prescribed cytostatic drugs that inhibit the viability of cancer cells, as well as a course of antibiotics that will help prevent the spread of a secondary infectious process. Additionally, creams and ointments should be used that provide emollient properties and exfoliating action - Diclofenac, Solcoderm and fluorouracil ointment.
Also, patients should adhere to a special diet that will contain a large amount of food with vitamins A, B and C in the composition, as well as fats. To monitor the water balance in the human body and provide the skin with normal moisture, it is important to follow the correct drinking regimen.
Methods for removing education:
- Cryodestruction. During the procedure, the diseased part of the body is frozen with liquid nitrogen. This technique is applicable for single keratomas.
- Removal by laser. Painful areas are eliminated with a laser beam.
- Electrocoagulation. Formations are eliminated with an electrocautery. Best used for small formations.
- Photodynamic therapy. This method involves the use of an antibacterial agent and exposure of the affected area to a light wave, which leads to the spread of tissue necrosis.
- Curettage. This method is used for follicular keratosis. In this case, the sac with the hair follicle is scraped out.
- Surgery. It is used for extensive lesions, as well as for the removal of adjacent tissues in which there is a risk of transition to a malignant degree.
- Chemical peeling. Trichloroacetic acid is used in this treatment.
Treatment at home
Treatment of keratosis with a small area of lesions at home can only be carried out after consultation with a dermatologist. The most popular folk remedy in the treatment of senile keratosis on the nose and other parts of the faceis aloe. To eliminate the neoplasm, you should rub the juice of such a culture and put compresses with a chilled leaf, which will help eliminate the unpleasant symptoms of the disease.
Walnut is also used in the treatment, which significantly slows down the growth of neoplasms. Celandine juice will help reduce their size. If a person has an unpleasant burning sensation, then a good therapeutic effect can be achieved with the help of baths with medicinal herbs.
Other folk recipes
Before treating keratosis at home, you should see a doctor who will help rule out the development of a cancerous process. Propolis should be used to eliminate focal keratosis with folk remedies. To do this, a thin layer of propolis is applied to the tumor formation, covered with gauze and left for several days. After that, you should update the propolis layer and apply a new gauze napkin. The procedure should be repeated about three times.
Another effective remedy for keratosis is onion peel. To do this, take 4 tablespoons of the husk and rinse with hot water. Dry the husk, place in an opaque bowl and pour 250 milliliters of vinegar. The finished mixture is infused for 14 days. The finished product should be filtered and applied to diseased areas of the body for thirty minutes. Over time, the procedure should be brought up to 3 hours.
Basic prevention measures
Toto avoid the active development of the disease, it is important to follow certain rules. The sun's rays have a negative effect on human skin, so it is important not to stay in the sun for a long time (to sunbathe in the morning or evening), to apply protective creams without fail, to protect exposed skin. It is also important to regularly examine the skin in order to timely identify the presence of formations, but if there are already any, then it is important to determine their size, shape and shade.
To protect the surface of the skin, experts advise to abandon the use of cosmetics, which contain aggressive chemical components. You should also choose the right clothes, underwear and shoes so that none of the wardrobe items hinder movement or rub. Since bad habits, an unhe althy lifestyle can lead to the appearance of keratoma, it is important to change your attitude to nutrition and reconsider your outlook on life.
Main types of senile keratosis
Depending on the structure of education, doctors classify different types. Specialists from other countries distinguish the following 6 forms of histological tumor:
- acantholytic appearance - characteristic destruction of the prickly layer of the skin;
- reticular or adenoid type - while the glands of the skin increase;
- papillomatous or hyperkeratotic type - enhances the process of exfoliation of the upper layer of the skin;
- clonal type - leads to the appearance of a large number of new cells of the basal layer of the skincovers;
- inflammatory type - provokes the appearance of an inflammatory process;
- irritated type - traumatic keratomas appear on the skin.
In addition to the types of formations listed above, there are also 2 more types of keratomas: adamantoid, in which a large amount of mucin accumulates in the intercellular spaces, and keratomas by type, when the cells of the basal layer line up in the same order.
Reason for development
The causes of the formation of senile keratomas are not fully understood. This condition is characterized by the multiplier nature of the disease. Keratomas are formed with strong insolation, penetration of a viral infection into the body, with problems with the state of the immune system. Genetic cases of the development of senile keratosis of the skin are also common, that is, they can occur as a result of hereditary disorders in the development of the disease.
In medical practice, any form of keratoma is considered as a precancerous process and requires mandatory monitoring and control by a doctor. This can be explained: skin cancer often resembles senile keratomas and can form at the limit of the neoplasm, masquerading as normal tissue. The risk of transformation of a keratoma into a malignant form is very low.
The appearance of a large number of keratomas on the human body may indicate the presence of a cancerous process in the internal organs - Leser-Trela syndrome.
Conclusion
The risk of transformation of senile keratoma into a malignant tumor is minimal. Important independently or under the supervision of a specialist carefullymonitor the status of the neoplasm. Keratomas in rare cases go away on their own, after removal, a small scar may remain.
