Acute gastroenterocolitis is a fairly common ailment that belongs to the group of toxic infections. The disease is accompanied by inflammatory lesions of the digestive tract, and the foci are mainly localized in the small and large intestine. This is a dangerous condition, as the disease develops extremely rapidly. On the other hand, with proper treatment, the symptoms of the disease disappear already in 3-4 days.
Acute gastroenterocolitis (ICD 10): classification
Of course, patients are interested in more information about this disease. So where in the international classification of diseases to look for acute gastroenterocolitis? The ICD-10 code looks like K-52.
This group contains almost all types of gastroenteritis and colitis, including toxic, allergic, alimentary, as well as those forms of the disease, the causes of which could not be found out.
Infectious inflammation and its pathogens
According to the ICD,acute gastroenterocolitis is a toxic infection. Pathogens, as well as toxic products of their vital activity, can spread throughout the body both through the digestive system and along with the bloodstream.
Depending on the type of pathogen, acute gastroenterocolitis is divided into several groups.
- The most common form is the bacterial form of lesions. The inflammatory process occurs against the background of the activity of salmonella, ischerichia, E. coli, shigella and other bacteria.
- The disease can be fungal in nature - in most of these cases, yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida act as the causative agent.
- The reasons include the ingestion of viral particles, including rotavirus, ECHO-virus, etc.
- Protozoal gastroenterocolitis (acute) develops against the background of penetration into the body of the simplest unicellular organisms, including amoebas, Giardia and Trichomonas.
Pathogenic microorganisms can enter the human digestive system along with contaminated dairy products, canned food, unwashed vegetables and fruits. Sometimes the infection is directly transmitted from an infected animal or person to a he althy one. Also, do not eat pastries with a cream layer, if all the rules for its storage have not been followed.
Main causes of non-infectious forms of the disease
Acute gastroenterocolitis (ICD code K-52) is not always associated with infection of the body. There are a number of other factors contributing to the onset of the disease.
- Sometimes inflammation inintestines are the result of an allergic reaction.
- Gastroenterocolitis can occur on the background of alcohol intoxication.
- The development of the disease can lead to the ingestion of poisons, s alts of heavy metals, alkalis, acids and other chemically aggressive substances.
- Often during the diagnosis, it is found that toxic damage is associated with uncontrolled medication, in particular an overdose of salicylic acid and diuretin derivatives.
- The so-called alimentary gastroenterocolitis is also distinguished. An acute inflammatory process in this case develops against the background of malnutrition, frequent overeating, eating too spicy, hard or cold food, its irregular intake, an excess of fiber and fat in the diet.
Types of gastroenterocolitis
Depending on the nature and characteristics of the inflammatory process, it is customary to distinguish several forms of gastroenterocolitis:
- hemorrhagic form - accompanied by the formation of small bleeding erosions on the mucous membrane;
- for the catarrhal form is characterized by hyperemia and swelling of the mucous membranes along with the secretion of a large amount of exudate;
- Ulcerative gastroenterocolitis (acute) accompanied by ulcerative lesions of the walls of the digestive tract;
- phlegmous form is characterized by a purulent lesion, with the gastric mucosa most often affected;
- fibrous form is considered quite rare and is accompanied by the formation of fibrinous films onsurfaces of the lining tissues of the digestive tract.
Gastroenterocolitis symptoms
Gastroenterocolitis is an acute disease characterized by rapid progression. As a rule, the disease begins with the appearance of pain in the epigastric region. Then there is bloating, increased gas formation, a distinct and frequent rumbling in the abdomen. Many patients complain of severe heartburn, frequent belching, and an unpleasant bitter taste in the mouth.
For the disease, a characteristic decrease in appetite. Patients suffer from nausea and severe vomiting, and large undigested pieces of food may be present in the vomit. In the first two days, there may be a delay in stool, which then abruptly turns into diarrhea. There may be blood streaks and lumps of mucus in the stool.
There is a sharp increase in temperature - up to 38-39 degrees. When examining the patient, one can note the formation of a gray coating on the tongue. The skin of a person becomes paler. As the disease progresses, metabolism is disturbed, the patient quickly loses weight. The list of symptoms includes headaches, muscle weakness, confusion. In severe cases, fainting is possible.
Acute gastroenterocolitis in children: features of the course of the disease
According to statistics, children are more prone to this toxic infection due to the imperfection of the immune system. Naturally, the clinical picture in a small patient hassome features. In particular, the disease begins with a fever - the temperature rises sharply to 38-40 degrees.
Present and vomiting - the urge occurs constantly. The child complains of pain in the abdomen and diarrhea, and blood is often present in the feces. Due to oxidative processes in the intestines, feces can turn green. A child with similar symptoms should be urgently taken to the hospital, as the child's body is more susceptible to dehydration and its attendant unpleasant consequences.
Modern diagnostic methods
First of all, the doctor conducts an examination, finds out all the symptoms, collects an anamnesis. The clinical picture, as a rule, gives reason to suspect gastroenterocolitis. Naturally, additional studies are required, including a blood test (a high number of leukocytes indicates the presence of an inflammatory process). Fecal and vomit masses are also necessarily sent for laboratory research - tests make it possible to determine not only the pathogen, but also its sensitivity to certain drugs.
In addition, it is important to determine what exactly became the source of infection (if there is a suspicion of infectious gastroenterocolitis). Products are also sent for laboratory analysis. This is important, because by discovering exactly how the infection is transmitted, an epidemic can be prevented.
Treatment of gastroenterocolitis
Treatment of an acute form of inflammation is carried out exclusively in a hospital, namely in the infectious diseases departmenthospitals. In most cases, supportive care is needed. If dangerous foods or poisons have been consumed recently, gastric lavage is performed. In addition, patients are prescribed sorbents, as well as drugs that accelerate the elimination of toxic substances from the body (including those that appeared as a result of the metabolism of pathogenic microorganisms).
Since gastroenterocolitis is associated with a significant loss of fluid, drinking plenty of water and taking "Rehydron" is shown - this will help restore the water-s alt balance in the body. With profuse vomiting, patients may be prescribed Cerucal, Reglan, or other antiemetics (usually administered intravenously due to constant vomiting spasms). But the use of antidiarrheal drugs is not recommended.
In the most severe cases, antibiotics, antiviral, antifungal, or antiparasitic drugs may be added, although most often this is not required. As a rule, an improvement in a person's condition is observed already 3-4 days after the start of treatment.
Diet as part of therapy
Of course, nutrition is an important part of therapy. Properly formulated diet will help speed up the process of recovery of the patient. Food should be light, but at the same time provide the body with the necessary nutrients. Porridges, vegetable and fruit soups will have a good effect on the patient's condition.
It is imperative to exclude from the diet fried and fatty foods, spicy and smoked foods, spices, sour fruits,in short, anything that can irritate the intestinal mucosa. It is also worth strictly limiting the amount of black bread, milk, various fruit compotes.
The best option is fractional meals, and you need to eat often (6-7 times a day), but in small portions - this will ensure quick digestion of food. Since acute gastroenterocolitis is associated with dehydration, you need to maintain water balance by drinking at least 2-3 liters of purified water per day.
All these activities help not only get rid of the disease, but also restore the functions of the digestive system.
