What is hives, many know. This is the appearance on the skin in response to some irritants of red or pink itchy spots protruding above the skin (they are called blisters), resembling a burn from a nettle strike (hence the name). Such blisters usually have a clear border, tend to merge with each other, have a lighter center, sometimes a pronounced red rim. In some cases, the spot itself is surrounded by a thin strip of skin that is lighter in color than the unaffected cover.
Another characteristic feature of urticaria is that the blisters migrate (today on the arms, tomorrow on the back), leaving clear skin behind, which will never tell that there were elements of urticaria in this place.
What comes from?
The main reason is allergic. The skin rash described above can result from:
- drug administration;
- eating some food;
- insect bite;
- contact withanimals;
- skin exposure to household chemicals, cosmetics or other substances;
- flowering of some plants.
There are also rarer types of urticaria:
- arising in response to cold exposure;
- sunny;
- appearing due to mechanical irritation of the skin (dermographic urticaria);
- vibrating;
- disease caused by pressure applied to the skin;
- cholinergic urticaria - spots appear after contact with hot water (showers, baths, saunas) or physical effort;
- adrenergic - rash appeared after stress;
- in response to contact with water - aquagenic form.
Depending on the type of urticaria in a child, the treatment is different, therefore, before engaging in treatment "on the Internet", consult an allergist immunologist.
How to treat hives caused by an allergic cause?
A. Urticaria can be caused by the use of an allergen in food: that is, at the time the spots appeared, there was no skin contact with a new household chemical, the child does not take medication or this reception was not the second or third in a row, nothing particularly blooms, no one bit him, but there was some new food being eaten. If such urticaria appears in a child, treatment requires:
- Stop giving this product.
- Rinse the stomach and give an enema (preferably with a sorbent such as "Polysorb", "White Coal" or "Smecta"). Importantfeature: the water should be cool, below room temperature, since warm water enema is dangerous.
- Give an antihistamine to drink: Suprastin, Diazolin, Tavegil, Fenistil, Erius.
- Follow a hypoallergenic diet for 2-3 weeks until the rash disappears completely.
- In the acute period (until new blisters appear), especially with a large area of damage or active sprinkling, it is recommended to give 2-3 types of short-acting antihistamines: for example, in the morning - "Fenistil", in the afternoon - "Diazolin", in the evening - "Tavegil" or "Suprastin" in the age dosage. In addition, the child should be given Polysorb or White Coal three to four times a day.
B. If at first there was an insect bite, then urticaria developed in a child, treatment (if the bite was not in the head and neck area, then at least one-day hospitalization is required) consists in the introduction of antihistamines (two or three can be, as indicated above), calcium preparations, sodium thiosulfate.
B. If the urticaria appeared in response to the flowering of plants, it is necessary to treat it with antihistamines. In this case, it is recommended to take one long-acting drug ("Erius", "Zodak", "Cetrin") together with a "short" drug ("Fenistil", "Diazolin"), followed by a switch to a drug from the same series, but which has delayed effect and should be taken for more than a month - Ketotifen. Dieting is a must.
G. If diagnosed"cholinergic urticaria", treatment involves long-term use of contrast showers (to "accustom" skin vessels to the action of various temperatures). Of the drugs prescribed: "Ketotifen" (it strengthens the membranes of cells that produce histamine - the trigger factor for allergies) and "Dentokind" (it contains trace amounts of belladonna, which is indicated in this case) for long-term use. A non-strict hypoallergenic diet is recommended.
If acute urticaria is diagnosed in a child, treatment should be carried out in a hospital. Especially if:
- rash spreads to neck or face - choking hazard;
- baby is small;
- the disease is accompanied not only by a rash, but also by fever, abdominal pain;
- per day, subject to the intake of antihistamines, sorbents, the affected area not only did not decrease, but also increased;
- in addition to urticaria, a dry cough appeared, wheezing on exhalation (there is a risk of suffocation).
