Today we propose to discuss with you the principles of the diet for urolithiasis. But let's first understand what kind of disease it is. In medical circles, this disease is referred to as urolithiasis. It is very important to note that the disease is quite serious, it is associated with metabolic disorders.
There are a lot of signs of the disease, but the most characteristic of them is the formation of calculi (in other words, stones). They can form in any part of the urinary system (kidneys, bladder, ureter, urethra).
What is the provocateur of the formation of stones? First of all, the increased acidity of urine. But it does not appear in a vacuum either. The acidity of urine increases with malnutrition (if you eat a lot of spicy, s alty, fried foods, drink plenty of water with calcium s alts). That is why doctors recommend strictly following the prescribed diet, but do not forget about drug therapy. You can read about the benefits of a diet for urolithiasis in the first section of our article. In addition, examples of menus for specific cases will be given below.
Why diet?
Diet is extremely important for the patient, in addition, it should be followed all his life (if stones were found at least once) in order to prevent relapse. Diet for urolithiasis reduces the number of factors that lead to the formation of stones.
Don't be afraid of the very word "diet", it's not a sentence. Let us turn to the roots of the formation of this term. If translated from Greek, then a diet is a way of life. Compliance with this diet does not mean at all that you can no longer take harmful foods into your mouth! You can eat everything in moderation, but do not abuse it.
As mentioned earlier, the main indicator of the disease is the appearance of stones (that is, solid formations) in the urinary system. They have their own classification. It is customary to distinguish three groups of stones. Based on this indicator, the doctor will prescribe a diet for you. For example, if we are talking about phosphate stones, then it should be understood that it is necessary to take foods rich in acids, that is, to smooth out the alkaline environment. We observe the opposite phenomenon in the formation of oxalates or urates, which are formed in an acidic environment. These formations are more solid, and the diet will be aimed at alkalizing the acidic environment.
Diet principles
Now briefly about what rules the diet for urolithiasis is based on. These include:
- restriction from food,contributing to the formation of sediments and stones in the urinary tract;
- adjustment of urine reaction for resorption of s alt precipitation;
- Drink plenty of water to help flush out precipitation.
The treatment of urolithiasis with the diet we are talking about in this article is prescribed to patients to provide gentle nutrition regarding the kidneys. Products that are allowed for consumption remove metabolic products.
From the diet should be eliminated:
- purines;
- oxalic acid;
- s alt.
For a faster result, you need to consume more fluids and foods that lead to alkalization (we are talking about vegetables and dairy products).
It is worth not completely eliminating, but limiting the intake of proteins and fats. It is recommended to boil meat, poultry and fish. The thing is that when cooking, the main part of the harmful purines in this case remains in the broth. Thus, broths (both fish and meat) should not be eaten.
Only after cooking, fish, poultry or meat can be used in cooking various dishes. You can fry, stew and bake them. Consider combining meat and fish together (it turns out quite satisfying and tasty). The amount of meat per meal should not exceed one hundred and fifty grams, and fish - one hundred and seventy. Meals containing these products can be introduced into the diet no more than three times a week.
It's worth eating five times a day. But it is recommended to replace the usual afternoon snack with rosehip broth.
What to eat and what not to eat
Forfor your convenience, this section will contain only one table that will tell you about allowed and prohibited products.
| Products | Allowed | Forbidden |
| Pastry and bread | Wheat or rye bread. Baking from the first and second grade wheat and rye flour | Butter dough |
| Soup | Vegetarian options: borscht, cabbage soup, vegetable soup, cereal soup, cold varieties of vegetarian soups, milk fruit |
Soup made from broth (meat, fish, mushroom or poultry). Soup additions: sorrel, spinach, legumes |
| Meat, poultry and fish | Meat, poultry - 150 grams (one meal), fish - 170 grams (one meal). Before cooking, be sure to boil. It is possible to combine fish and meat in equal quantities | Sausage, kidneys, liver, brain, tongue, smoked meats, canned fish and meat, caviar, s alted fish |
| Dairy | Milk, dairy products, sour cream, cottage cheese, cheese. | S alted cheese |
| Eggs | Cooking method - any, quantity - 1 piece per day, options - chicken and quail | |
| Groats | All grains in moderation | Beans |
| Vegetables | Increased raw and cooked options | Mushrooms, legumes, spinach, rhubarb, sorrel, cauliflower, purslane, s alted andpickled vegetables |
| Snacks | Salads with vegetables (fresh, pickled), fruits, squash and eggplant caviar | S alties, smoked meats, canned food, fish caviar |
| Sweets | Fruits and berries, dried fruits, milk cream, jelly, marmalade, marshmallows, candies without chocolate, jam, honey | Chocolate, figs, raspberries, cranberries, cranberries |
| Spices, sauces | Sauces on vegetable broths, tomato, sour cream, milk. Citric acid, vanillin, cinnamon, bay leaf, dill, parsley | Bouillon-based sauces (poultry, fish, meat, mushrooms). Pepper, mustard, horseradish |
| Drinks | Tea with lemon, milk, weak coffee with milk, juices from fruits and vegetables, fruit drink, water with juice, kvass, rosehip decoction, wheat bran or dried fruits | Cocoa, strong tea and coffee. |
Different types of stones
Diet for kidney stones may vary slightly depending on the type of stone. We will consider the classification according to the content of the elements. So all the stones are usually divided into 4 groups:
- phosphates and oxalates (inorganic s alts, the most common form);
- magnesium infectious (formed as a result of abnormalities in the urinary tract, infection gets into excess fluid);
- urates (excessive excretion of uric acid, disruption of the digestive system);
- cystine and xanthine (occur extremelyrare, and the reason for their appearance is pathology, genetic disorders or heredity).
Oxalate stones
The following foods should not be included in the diet menu for urolithiasis:
- smoked meats;
- canned food;
- jelly;
- broths;
- offal;
- fried potatoes;
- citrus;
- radish;
- brussels and red sprouts;
- beets;
- asparagus;
- parsley;
- peppers;
- rhubarb;
- leaf lettuce;
- sorrel;
- beans;
- celery;
- redcurrant;
- gooseberry;
- plum;
- cranberries;
- coffee;
- kvass;
- cocoa;
- tomato juice.
Approved Foods:
- cabbage (cauliflower, white);
- soups (fruit, vegetable);
- bread;
- boiled fish and meat;
- juices (berry, fruit);
- fruit;
- berries;
- watermelon;
- boiled potatoes;
- cucumber;
- turnip.
Allowed herbs:
- immortelle;
- barberry;
- black elderberry;
- lingonberry leaves;
- heather;
- melilot;
- motherwort;
- peppermint;
- hernia and so on.
Sample menu for 1 day with oxalate stones
What diet for urolithiasis (oxalate stones) is necessary, wefigured it out. Now let's move on to compiling an approximate menu for the day. There should be five meals in total:
- two breakfasts;
- lunch;
- dinner;
- snack.
First breakfast. Cottage cheese (preferably home-made) with sour cream and sugar, decoction of currant leaves (preferably black).
Second breakfast. Tea (weakly brewed), one baked apple.
Lunch. Lenten soup with vegetable broth, boiled chicken with milk sauce, rice and compote (preferably with dried fruits).
Dinner. Boiled fish, boiled potatoes (you can puree), cheesecake, weak tea.
Snack. Kefir or rosehip decoction.
Urate Stones
The diet for urolithiasis in men and women is practically the same, the recommendations of the attending physician are the same for everyone. With urate stones, there is the following list of prohibited foods:
- canned food;
- offal;
- salinity;
- smoked meats;
- spices;
- broths (except vegetable);
- jelly;
- pate;
- liverwurst;
- brussels sprouts;
- soy;
- beans;
- sorrel;
- spinach;
- asparagus;
- celery;
- cauliflower;
- grapefruit.
Recommended for use:
- bread;
- eggs;
- groats;
- pasta;
- curd products;
- cheeses;
- fermented milk and dairy products;
- butter;
- berries;
- fruit;
- greens;
- cucumber;
- pumpkin;
- carrot;
- white cabbage;
- lemon.
For the fastest removal of stones, you need to drink plenty of fluids (up to three liters).
Approximate menu for 1 day with urate stones
In men, the diet menu for urolithiasis (urate stones) looks something like this:
- breakfast 1 - vegetable salad, boiled egg, tea;
- breakfast 2 - rosehip decoction;
- lunch - lean borscht, fried cutlets (meat must be boiled before scrolling), boiled potatoes, jelly;
- dinner - lazy dumplings with sour cream, tea;
- snack - kefir.
Phosphate stones
Now about the diet for exacerbation of urolithiasis (phosphate stones). Pay attention to foods that increase urine acidity:
- meat;
- fish;
- bird;
- eggs;
- pastry;
- cereals;
- bread (except for buns);
- soup (on a weak broth);
- pasta;
- legumes;
- asparagus;
- mushrooms;
- herring;
- caviar;
- tea;
- coffee;
- cocoa;
- rosehip broth;
- lingonberries.
Limit, but don't cut out completely:
- vegetable, fruit dishes;
- berries;
- dairy and sour-milk products;
- butter (butter and vegetable).
Remove completely:
- spicy foods;
- spices.
Sample menu for 1 day with phosphate stones
Sample diet menu for urolithiasis in women and men (phosphate stones):
- before the first breakfast - a decoction made from wild rose;
- first breakfast - porridge (oatmeal, buckwheat, rice and so on), soaked herring, tea;
- second breakfast - wheat bran;
- lunch - chicken broth soup, rice, fried chicken, jelly;
- dinner - scrambled eggs, green peas, fried fish, tea;
- snack - rosehip broth.
Mineral water
The therapeutic diet for urolithiasis includes the obligatory plentiful drink. If you have kidney stones, then your doctor will probably advise you to drink mineral water.
Different types of stones are used for different stones:
- uric acid diuresis - "Essentuki" No. 4, 17, "Borjomi";
- oxalate stones - "Essentuki" No. 20, "Sairme";
- phosphate stones - "Narzan", "Arzni".
Yes, and ordinary water increases diuresis, so that stones are washed out with urine or move to the bladder. In addition, studies have shown that other liquids also contribute to the washing out of stones, since they are 99% water:
- decoctions;
- tea;
- juice;
- compote and so on.
Alcohol
As for the diet for urolithiasis in men and women, you should pay attention to the use of alcoholic beverages. There is a myth that alcohol contributes to the formation of stones. Allegedly, dehydration of the body occurs, the consequence of which is urolithiasis. Most of all, this myth affected beer and white wine. Studies have been conducted that have revealed that these drinks act in the opposite way, that is, reduce the risk of illness. But do not immediately grab a glass, because alcoholic beverages carry a number of other he alth hazards.
