In the article, we will consider the reasons for bleeding in endometriosis.
Every woman of reproductive age can face such a problem as endometriosis. Quite often, signs of a pathological process are bleeding and spotting. Against the background of endometriosis, there is a violation of the cyclical nature of menstruation and pain associated with this phenomenon in the lower abdomen. Why endometriosis of the uterus is dangerous is interesting to many.
In the absence of proper treatment, the disease can cause serious and life-threatening consequences for the patient. For this reason, you should consult a specialist at the first sign of pathology. The gynecologist will prescribe a comprehensive examination, after which he will select an effective therapeutic regimen, the purpose of which will be to eliminate both the symptoms and the causes of its development.
Let's see why endometriosis bleeds.
Causes of bleeding
An egg that has not been fertilized during menstruation causes the layer of the uterine wall on the inner surface to be shed, which is called the endometrium. In the future, the rejected tissue is removed from the uterine cavity in a natural way. If this process is not successful, menstrual blood can enter the peritoneal cavity through the uterus. There is a process of growth or hyperplasia of endometrial cells. The consequence of hyperplasia can be endometriosis of the genital type of the external nature. If endometrial cells grow into the muscles of the uterus, then we are talking about internal endometriosis of the genital type.
Endometriosis of any type occurs against the background of bloody discharge from the uterine cavity. There are a number of causes that can cause bleeding in endometriosis, including the following:
1. Reduced production of progesterone and other hormones produced by the pituitary gland.
2. Complete absence of ovulatory processes.
3. Increased levels of female sex hormones in the blood.
4. Pregnancy outside the womb.
5. Hyperplasia and prolonged rejection of endometrial cells.
Bleeding from endometriosis is continuous and varies in severity and intensity.
Symptoms
As a rule, the initial stage of development of endometriosis proceeds without pronounced symptoms, that is, in a latent form. ATfurther, the foci of the pathological process grow not only in the uterine cavity, but also in other organs of the female reproductive system. In especially advanced cases, endometrial cells can spread throughout the body, affecting the liver, kidneys, lungs, etc. all this leads to cysts, adhesions and bleeding.
The main signs of endometriosis are:
1. Soreness in the lower abdomen of a aching nature.
2. Irregular menstruation.
3. Spotting out of cycle.
4. Breakthrough bleeding.
5. Menses characterized as painful and profuse.
6. Feeling uncomfortable during intercourse.
Signs of blood loss
Against the background of regular bleeding, pronounced signs of blood loss develop, accompanied by dizziness, weakness, anemia, low blood pressure and tachycardia. If the necessary measures to eliminate endometriosis are not taken in time, a woman may lose the ability to conceive a child, which, in turn, causes infertility.
What is dangerous endometriosis of the uterus, every woman should know.
Types of bleeding
In addition to genital endometriosis of internal and external types, an extragenital type of pathology is also distinguished. In this case, it is not the organs of the woman's reproductive system that are affected, but other structures, such as the gastrointestinal tract.
If the disease is characterized as internal, spotting occurs over a long period of time. Alongwith this, the discharge can be both very abundant and insignificant. Blood loss is often observed, accompanied by soreness outside of menstruation.
External type of endometriosis is characterized by spotting of blood a few days before the onset of menstrual bleeding. Also, scanty discharge may accompany the end of menstruation. Smearing spotting is characteristic of intercourse and gynecological examination.
Extragenital endometriosis, depending on its localization, may be accompanied by coughing up blood during menstruation, as well as the appearance of bloody inclusions in the feces.
What to do with heavy bleeding?
There are certain rules for dealing with open uterine bleeding in endometriosis. Before starting to stop the hemorrhagic syndrome, it is necessary to assess its intensity and duration. The greatest danger in endometriosis is heavy and prolonged bleeding. In this case, it is important to understand what measures can be taken and which are strictly prohibited. With heavy bleeding against the background of endometriosis, you need to remember the following:
1. Seek qualified medical attention immediately.
2. Do not take hemostatic drugs without consulting a specialist.
3. Avoid any warming procedures, visits to saunas and baths. This can provoke an increase in the intensity of blood loss.
4. Stop taking drugscapable of thinning the blood, including from acetylsalicylic acid.
5. Against the background of bleeding, it is forbidden to inject any drugs into the vagina, as well as douching.
6. Rest is required, and preferably bed rest.
7. Applying cold to the abdomen is allowed.
When visiting a doctor, you should describe in detail all the symptoms you have, paying special attention to the duration and intensity of bleeding. Hemorrhagic syndrome against the background of endometriosis may indicate the presence of concomitant pathological processes.
Medicated treatment
Based on the collected history of the patient, gynecological examination and examination data, the specialist concludes about the way to stop the bleeding. Conservative methods of treating hemorrhagic syndrome against the background of endometriosis involve long-term use of hormonal drugs, as well as hemostatic pills for uterine bleeding. Such therapy is aimed at normalizing the functions of the ovaries, preventing the development of new pathological foci and bleeding.
If blood loss is heavy and prolonged, a woman is prescribed medication from the group of hemostatics. The most popular hemostatic drugs used in gynecological practice are "Diferelin" and "Vikasol" in tablets. Instructions for use are very detailed.
"Vikasol" effectively stops uterine bleeding and reduces the amount of dischargeduring menstruation. The drug is taken exclusively according to the testimony of a doctor who diagnoses and takes into account the individual characteristics of the body. "Vikasol" is a publicly available drug that every woman can buy. It is available without a prescription and is available at any pharmacy.
Instructions for use for Vikasol tablets must be strictly observed.
It is not recommended for use in women diagnosed with increased blood clotting, thrombosis, thromboembolism and hypercoagulability. Side effects occur in patients who have kidney failure and problems with menstruation. If a woman is breastfeeding a child during menstruation, then before taking it is necessary to consult with your doctor.
According to the instructions for use, "Diferelin" is used to treat severe pathological diseases of the reproductive system in both women and men, as well as in premature puberty in adolescents.
Produced in the form of a so-called lyophilisate - a powder designed to create a solution.
In case of endometriosis, the drug is administered at a dose of 3.75 mg once every 4 weeks. The injection is carried out in the first 5 days of the menstrual cycle. Duration of treatment - no more than 6 months. Instructions for use for "Diferelin" confirms this.
Oxytocin, Sekometrin, Panergal, etc. are considered other effective drugs to stop bleeding and reduce its intensity. To strengthen capillary wallsand reduce the fragility of the veins, such drugs as "Prophylactin C", "Ascorutin", etc. are prescribed.
Drugs to stop uterine bleeding in endometriosis should be selected by a doctor.
Therapy is based on taking hormonal drugs, the main of which are:
1. Combined drugs based on estrogen and progestogen.
2. Gestagens and progestogens.
3. Antiprogestins.
4. Gonadoliberin agonists.
Such hormonal preparations as "Diana-35" and "Janine" contribute to the normalization of the cycle of menstruation, as well as to reduce the amount of bleeding. The duration of hormone therapy is determined on an individual basis.
Progestogens such as Injesta, Duphaston, Visanne, etc. help reduce estrogen levels, as well as the growth of endometrial cells, which helps reduce blood loss.
Antiprogestins, such as Danazol, stop blood loss. Such drugs are rarely prescribed, as they have many adverse reactions.
Agonists such as Zoladex and Buserelin are often used to control bleeding from endometriosis. Most women experience improvement after just a few months of using these medicines.
How to stop bleeding with endometriosis, it is important to find out in advance in the presence of this disease.
Surgical treatment
In some cases, drug treatment of pathology does not give a positive result andbleeding remains as profuse as before the start of therapy. In this case, the doctor decides to perform a surgical intervention.
There are several methods of surgical management of bleeding due to endometriosis, including:
- Cleaning the uterine cavity.
- Cryosurgery.
- Ablation.
- Resection of the uterus.
Uterine scraping
The most common surgical treatment for endometriosis is a curettage of the uterine cavity. The procedure consists in removing the layer of the endometrium, which has grown too much. The manipulation is performed under anesthesia, and the duration of the operation does not exceed 15-20 minutes. This procedure has no serious contraindications.
Ablation and cryosurgery are considered the most gentle methods of stopping bleeding against the background of endometriosis.
Cryodestruction
During cryodestruction, the affected areas are exposed to liquid nitrogen. The advantages of this procedure are the absence of pain and scarring, the absence of blood during the procedure and the minimum likelihood of complications. Nevertheless, experts warn patients about the risk of damage to the uterine walls, as well as incomplete elimination of diseased tissues.
Ablation
Ablation involves the removal of overgrown cells by a minimally invasive method. You can not perform surgery if endometrial cancer or uterine tumors are detected. Resection is a last resort and is performed only ifthe patient is older than middle age and has already given birth to children.
During ablation through the cervical canal of the cervix, overgrown endometrial cells are removed using modern minimally invasive techniques. This procedure is prohibited in case of endometrial cancer and uterine cancer.
