Tetracycline antibiotics are a fairly large group of drugs. Medicines have a similar chemical structure. It should be noted that these funds are in one of the leading places among drugs with a wide spectrum of activity.
Tetracycline antibiotics. Description
Drugs in this group have a depressing effect on the reproduction and development of gram-negative, gram-positive bacteria, rods (acid-resistant), large viruses, and other microbes. The category includes drugs such as Chlortetracycline Hydrochloride, Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride, Tetracycline and others. Drug research began in 1948. Due to certain difficulties in the synthetic preparation of drugs, today they are created using biosynthesis. All tetracycline antibiotics are amphoteric in nature. Their main qualities are due to the dimethylamino group. The acidic properties of drugs are due to the phenolic hydroxyl in the D-ring.
Being amphoteric, compounds dissolve inacids and alkalis to form s alts. They, in turn, undergo hydrolysis in aqueous solutions. The increased acid content prevents the hydrolysis process, as well as the precipitation of the base.
All tetracycline compounds have spectra similar to each other. In molecules, phenolic hydroxyl causes a color change when interacting with ferric chloride (3). Tetracycline antibiotics are decomposed by alkali to form isotetracyclines. In turn, this is accompanied by an increase in staining. Reactions of a general nature are characteristic of all tetracycline compounds. It is possible to distinguish drugs from each other due to different staining under the influence of sulfuric acid (concentrated). In this case, the formation of compounds colored for each tetracycline in its own specific color occurs. So, for example, for one, a purple-red tint appears, for the other - purple. One of the characteristic features is the ability of drugs to fluoresce under the influence of UV light. This is often used as proof of their authenticity.
Pharmacological properties of tetracycline
This drug has a fairly wide spectrum of activity. Its bacteriostatic effect occurs due to the inhibition of protein synthesis of pathogenic bacteria. The activity of the drug is manifested relative to gram-positive aerobic microbes, including strains that produce penicillinase. The drug also affects gram-negative bacteria. Show resistance to the drug smallviruses, most fungi and some other strains.
Some rules for taking antibiotics. Adverse reactions
It is recommended to use drugs at a dose of 0.3 grams in the first two days, 0.2 grams five times in the following days. With gonorrhea (subacute and acute uncomplicated), 5 g are prescribed for the course, with other forms - 10 each. It is recommended to take the medicine before or during meals. Against the background of the use, indigestion, vomiting, nausea are likely.
