Many women have ever asked the following question: "Florocenosis - what is it?". This analysis is a new generation diagnostic for detecting infection of the female urogenital canal. It is characterized by excellent informativeness of the results and the correctness of the appointment. The examination contains the collection of the main pathogens of genital infections that destroy the vaginal flora, helps to establish an accurate diagnosis, and also helps to choose the appropriate therapy tactics. Identification of obligate pathogenic microorganisms is one of the directions of the florocenosis test.
What are the indications for testing
Infection with venereal infections occurs with chaotic sexual intercourse and sexual intercourse without barrier contraception. Infections arise when there are failures in the vaginal biocenosis, which are accompanied by a decrease in the number of lactobacilli (Dederlein sticks), as well as an increase in the content of opportunistic microflora (candida, gardnerella, aerobes, ureaplasmas). What should be the indications for prescribing vaginal florocenosis?
- pain whenurination, intercourse, lower abdomen;
- discomfort, irritation, burning;
- infertility;
- inflammatory ailments of the urinary tract;
- vaginal discharge;
- difficult gynecological or obstetric history.
The NCMT florocenosis test category includes varieties of microorganisms that provoke sexual infections:
- mycoplasmosis;
- gonorrhea;
- trichomoniasis;
- chlamydia.
How research is done
With the concept of "florocenosis" - what it is, and what are the indicators for its implementation, we figured it out. Now it is necessary to find out how the analysis itself is carried out. A flora smear is a bacterioscopic examination of a scraping taken from certain places. The test makes it possible to establish the presence of an inflammatory action, to find protozoa, pathogenic microflora, and also to suspect hormonal disorders.
As a rule, a gynecologist for research takes contents from the urethra, cervix and vagina. For such an event, additional vaginal mirrors and a disposable spatula with a roundish edge are used. A sample is taken from all questionable areas, then applied with a small smear on the glass and sent to the laboratory.
Florocenosis: decoding analysis
In addition to the indicated designation of the scraping site, you can also find the following symbols in the form:
- Trich - means the simplest organism of the pathogentrichomoniasis.
- L is the number of leukocytes that are in the field of view of the microscope.
- Gn - definition of the causative agent of gonococcus (gonorrhea).
- Ep - the number of squamous erythrocytes in a smear.
Usually, specialists, when they want to report a lack of an element, write down abs, which means "not detected".
Leukocytes
Light bodies, designed to protect a person from all kinds of infections. Normally, the number of leukocytes in a smear should not exceed 15. If the number of white cells is greater than this limit, an inflammatory disease of the genital organs can be tolerated. Often a gynecologist establishes such diagnoses: cervicitis, colpitis and vaginitis, and it may be necessary to conduct an additional analysis for florocenosis.
The more leukocytes in the smear, the stronger the inflammatory process. For example, a considerable number of such elements are usually found in trichomoniasis or gonorrhea.
Squamous epithelium
This is the outer layer of red blood cells that covers the entrance to the cervix and vagina. The epithelium must be in a smear in women of reproductive age. With a decrease in the number of estrogen in the female body, the number of erythrocytes of the squamous epithelium is reduced.
With the advent of menopause in a smear on the microflora, one can detect the epithelium of the inner integument of the mucous membrane of the vaginal wall - para- and basal cells. Finding them in a representative of the weaker sex of childbearing age may indicate an increase in the level of male hormones andabout inflammatory processes.
Staphylococcus aureus
Such bacteria can also be shown by a florocenosis test (what it is, has already been said above). If the amount of Staphylococcus aureus is not more than 5%, then you should not worry. Only in a situation where there is an increase in the number of these bacteria and a decrease in the percentage of Doderlein sticks, one can indicate inflammation of the cervical canal or vagina.
Slime
In a small amount it is detected in a sample taken from the vagina. This is not considered a departure from the norm. If plaque is found in a scraping from the canal, urinary system malaise can be ruled out. An increase in mucus in a smear is usually seen in inflammatory processes.
Gardnerella
They are very small rods and require florocenosis analysis to detect them. Bacterial vaginosis and vaginal dysbiosis are diseases in which they multiply well. Sticks are also considered to be the causative agents of a disease called gardnerellosis.
Yeast-like fungi
Such bacteria can be found in vaginal candidiasis (thrush). Fungal spores let you know about closed candidiasis. If female immunity is disturbed, then this leads to the revival of pathogenic vaginal microflora, as well as a fungus of the Candida genus. When thrush worsens, Candida mycelium filaments are found in the smear.
Coccal flora
These bacteria are spherical in shape. A low number of cocci is not at all dangerous,however, when the number of such microorganisms exceeds the percentage of lactic acid bacilli, this already indicates a decrease in immunity or the presence of inflammation. Coccus bacteria are divided into gram-negative (E. coli, gonococci, Proteus) and gram-positive (lactobacilli, strepto- and staphylococci) organisms. If a florocenosis test was performed (its decoding was described in this article), and the smear showed the presence of gram-negative cocci located inside the cells, gonorrhea can be suspected.
Key Cells
They are also called atypical erythrocytes. They are found in violation of the vaginal microflora and gardnerellosis. They are squamous epithelial cells that are connected to small sticks.
Preparing for the survey
The analysis is performed by the PCR method, which has an excellent degree of accuracy. During the study, the laboratory assistant finds the place of the DNA of the bacterium, repeatedly increases it, and counts the size of the genome after each copying period. For the test, a scraping of the cervical canal of the uterus and the mucous membrane of the vaginal wall is performed.
Examination is not carried out at the stage of the menstrual cycle. Two days before the sampling of the biomaterial, it is not advised to use vaginal agents, spermicides, have sexual contact and douche. In agreement with the gynecologist, the patient must stop therapy with antibacterial drugs 30 days before the study. Analysis of florocenosis (what it is is already clear to everyone) helps to determine infection with sexually transmitted diseases that candestroy a woman's fertility.
