97% of the population over the age of fifty have false teeth. Many complex about this. But it's not that scary at all. Modern technologies make it possible to make such a prosthesis or tooth that does not differ at all from the real one.
There are quite a lot of types of false teeth, the photo of which is below. They all differ in material, installation and appearance.
Removable teeth
Removable teeth are dental false dentures that a person can put on and take off himself. Shown in case of partial or complete loss of own units. They restore the functionality of the dentition, correct cosmetic defects when it is impossible to make fixed prosthetics.
Removable dentures are plastic plates with attached artificial dental crowns. They well distribute the chewing load on the gums. Insert plates are attached in the oral cavity by suction or special fasteners. Removable teeth are comfortable to use, aesthetically pleasing, safe and have no age restrictions. Removable teeth are made taking into account the individual characteristics of the state of the client's jaws.
Classification of removable dentures
Removable teethare divided into two main types: full removable and partially removable. For complete removable bases, adjacent to the gums, they are made of acrylic and nylon. Partially removable can additionally have metal fasteners (hook, lock, arc). A variety of removable dentures allows you to choose the most suitable type of prosthetics.
Full removable
A full denture is used in the complete absence of teeth in the jaw. The teeth, which are attached to the base plate, are made of plastic or ceramic. For the upper jaw, this is a plate covering the palate and jaw. Attaches to the mouth with suction. On the lower jaw, prostheses are usually fixed much worse. Caring for complete dentures is easy.
However, false teeth-jaws have many disadvantages:
- Loose fastening in the mouth.
- Long addictive.
- Short service life.
- Difficulty eating, talking, etc.
- Fuzzy diction.
- Sometimes pain from mechanical friction.
- Dietary restrictions.
- The need for enhanced hygiene and frequent check-ups.
Partly removable
Partially removable prosthetics can be carried out when at least one or more of your teeth are preserved. They serve as the main support for the prosthesis. Partially removable dentures are recommended for the loss of one or more teeth, as well as a temporary solution for the preparation of a permanent prosthesis. Used for loss of chewing teeth. A partially removable denture consists ofnylon or plastic. Fixation is carried out on the remaining teeth with the help of fasteners-clasps. In nylon varieties, the clasps are made from the material of the structure itself. Plastic has metal hooks. Partially removable teeth are easier to make, lightweight and can be transformed.
Types of partial dentures
There are the following types of partially removable dentures: plate, clasp, immediate denture, sector and segment.
The clasp option is the best false teeth, one of the strongest and most durable options with many advantages:
- Uniform load on the jaw bones when chewing (thanks to the metal frame).
- Reduce wear and tear on your teeth and gum friction.
- No need to shoot at night.
- For metal-free types, a big plus is elastic clasps for fastening in the mouth.
- A significant disadvantage of clasp teeth is the high price.
Fixed teeth
Modern dentistry is making great strides in the development of fixed prosthetics. Such prostheses are intended for permanent wear and contribute to the creation of an impeccable appearance of the dentition. This is made possible by the restoration of individual teeth.
When Removable Prosthetics Are Necessary
Installation of a fixed structure is carried out with the following indications:
- total absence of teeth;
- absence of at least three units in a row;
- missing front teeth;
- diseases in which destruction occursteeth.
The installed prosthesis completely takes over all the functions of the lost unit. Self-removal of such a prosthesis is impossible. The procedure is performed only by a dentist.
Benefits of fixed prosthetics
The main advantage of this type of prosthetics is high strength, the ability to give a smile a beautiful and aesthetic appearance. The main tasks that fixed prosthetics solve:
- replacement of lost teeth;
- keep other teeth he althy;
- no discomfort when talking and eating.
Fixed prosthesis selection and classification
When choosing a prosthesis to be installed, the dentist starts from the number of missing units and the degree of damage to existing teeth. Fixed dentures are classified according to the type of material from which they are made and the type of product. Available in the following materials:
- metal - not used very often, usually when it is necessary to restore chewing teeth;
- non-metallic - used quite rarely, not very strong;
- composite (cermet) - the most used and popular option, is convenient and easy.
By product type there can be several types:
- Bridges are fused structures imitating up to 4 teeth.
- Single crowns - imitate the tooth, while maintaining the anatomical features. Used in cases where the destructionmost of the unit has been exposed, but the roots are preserved.
- Veneers - are used for minor damage to the teeth, which are localized in the smile area. They are very thin plates applied to the front of the tooth. Spring is almost indistinguishable from natural enamel.
- Inlays - allow you to restore both minor parts of the tooth and its extensive areas. Virtually indestructible, so they need to be replaced less often than fillings.
What care is required for fixed dentures?
When fixed dentures are installed, the oral cavity should be cleaned twice a day: in the morning and in the evening. The toothbrush should have soft bristles. This helps to remove stones and plaque. Dentures require careful handling. The toothpaste used should not contain soda and abrasives in order to avoid minor scratches. The main thing is that if a false tooth falls out, then it is quite easy to replace it.
Methods of dental implantation
Currently, there are four main types of dental implants:
- two-stage (classic method);
- one-stage implantation;
- basal implantation (express implantation);
- all-on-4.
The choice of one or another method depends on the condition of the jaw bone, the condition of the dentition, the presence of concomitant diseases in the patient, the qualifications of the operating doctor.
The two-stage method has existed since the 80s of the XX century, isthe most tested and developed in dentistry.
At the first stage, the implant is implanted into the bone tissue. So that there is no communication with the oral cavity and the implant is not infected, it is closed with special plugs.
The second stage begins after the implant has taken root: it is reopened. A special adapter is installed on top - an abutment, on which a denture or crown is fixed. The classic method has pros and cons.
The strengths of this approach are the versatility of the scope of its application, the predictability of the result, the locality of the intervention, and durability. Versatility involves solving a variety of oral problems. The method is applicable for bone and soft tissue deficiency, suitable for all patients. This approach makes it possible to install both single crowns and bridges of various volume, size and length.
The predictability of the result is ensured by the phased operation. Manipulations are carried out gradually, which makes it possible to evaluate the result and determine the terms of rehabilitation.
The locality of the intervention means that the adjacent he althy teeth are not affected, not injured. They are durable. Well established implants do not change during life. If necessary, the denture or crowns installed on it are repaired.
The weaknesses of the technique are its duration and trauma. The operation can take several months or even years (depending ondepending on the rate of adaptation of the body to the implant). Injury is determined by large incisions during surgery and extensive damage to nearby tissues.
One-stage implantation - a technique for installing an implant and a temporary crown in one medical appointment. The operation is performed on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia in a transgingival way (without a gum incision). The advantages of this technique are low trauma (minimally invasive), a short rehabilitation period, small doses of anesthetics, and the speed of the operation. The negative aspects of one-stage implantation include the need for sufficient space to fix the prosthesis in the gums, contraindications for diseases of the internal organs.
Basal (express) implantation is a qualitatively new technique, which consists in the fact that implants are implanted in the basal, and not in the alveolar bone layer (as in other cases). Implantation is carried out not from above into the jawbone, but from the side, which allows to reduce the size of the pin. Implantation is carried out using monoblock systems: the abutment and the rod are a single whole, and the light crown makes it possible to functionally load the tooth immediately after the operation.
The advantages of the method are low invasiveness, the possibility of implantation without bone augmentation, short terms for restoring the dentition and its functions.
The disadvantages that limit the use of this technique include the fact that it is feasible only in the absence of at least three teeth in a row, it is necessary to take into account the complexity of the operation, which requires specialstaff training.
All-on-6 and All-on-4 and (from English - "all on six" and "all on four") - a technology in which the prosthesis is fixed on six or four pins implanted in the bone. Two or four inclined implants are placed in the area of the chewing group of teeth and two in the anterior part of the jaw.
This is a complex sparing technique that significantly reduces the area of surgical intervention and can significantly reduce the period of adaptation of the body to the implant. The method is used in cases where two-stage implantation is contraindicated:
- complete absence of teeth in one or both jaws;
- various inflammatory diseases (periodontal disease, periodontitis);
- Irreversible tooth decay caused by wearing removable dentures.
The strengths of the technique are the relative cheapness, reliability, physiological nature of the chewing process due to the correct distribution of the load on the jawbone. The disadvantages of this technique are the complexity of implementation and the limited circle of specialists who own this technique.
