Eye pressure should normally be the same for people of any age and gender. There may be a slight difference between both eyes, but this is not pathological.
If a person has a decrease in visual acuity, then you need to check the eye pressure, as well as conduct appropriate therapy, which is prescribed by the attending doctor. Among the main signs of a violation, one can single out the presence of pain, a feeling of fullness, and increased eye fatigue.
Often a similar pathology is observed in people with diseases such as cataracts or glaucoma. In the advanced stage, this pathology leads to a sharp drop in vision.
Causes of high blood pressure
This phenomenon is quite common, especially often observed in people over 45 years old. Distinguish between high and low blood pressure. Among the main causes of increased eye pressure is the development of glaucoma. In addition, factors such as:
- increased muscle tone;
- impaired functioning of the eye vessels;
- anatomical deviations in the construction of the eye chambers;
- inflammation of the vascular and iriseyes.
Besides this, such a manifestation can be of such varieties as:
- stable - pressure is constantly above normal;
- labile - periodic increase;
- transient - has a short duration.
Transient type can be caused by a number of different factors, such as:
- stress conditions;
- overwork;
- kidney disease;
- hormonal imbalance;
- menopause.
The constant increase in pressure can trigger progressive glaucoma. This disease mainly manifests itself in old age and is fraught with dangerous disorders. In addition, such a pathology can also be a hereditary disease.
High ophthalmotonus can be triggered by fluid retention in the course of certain kidney diseases or heart failure. In addition, one of the causes may be thyroid disease, poisoning with certain medications, menopause in women, tumor processes, inflammation and eye injuries.
It is imperative to conduct a comprehensive examination and treatment, as various complications can occur, up to complete blindness.
Factors causing pressure drop
If eye pressure is low, the reasons for this may be related to:
- operation;
- eye injury;
- diabetes;
- retinal detachment;
- underdevelopment of the eyeball.
Such a violation is very rare, but it poses a much greater threat to the he alth of the organs of vision. In the absence of timely complex treatment, this can lead to significant visual impairment. If atrophy of the eyeball occurs, then pathological changes will become irreversible.
Hypotonia is very often accompanied by a sharp decrease in visual acuity in a fairly short period of time, as well as a significant outflow of eye fluid, as a result of which the eyes become dry and blinking is difficult.
Main symptoms
The symptoms of increased eye pressure are clearly expressed, which is why you can independently determine the course of the violation. To do this, you need to put a little pressure on the eyeballs through the eyelids. If they are hard, then the pressure is increased, and if they are soft, then it is reduced.
Among the signs of eye pressure is a feeling of fullness. In addition, you can notice a split before the eyes, as well as the formation of spots. Other signs of violation include:
- pain in the eyes;
- quick fatigue;
- feeling intense pressure.
Computer vision syndrome is often observed, caused not only by overwork, but also by increased pressure. There may be cases when the symptoms are not strong enough, but are observed along with other pathologies. For example, in the course of arterial hypertension or endocrine diseases, very oftenthe vessels of the cornea or retina are destroyed, which leads to a feeling of fullness inside the eye.
However, there may be a permanent visual impairment. Against the background of diabetes, the structure of capillaries changes. They become more brittle and rapidly begin to collapse at the slightest mechanical impact. At the same time, if a person has normal pressure, then complete blindness can occur against the background of diabetes.
Symptomatics of arterial hypertension may disappear completely after the crisis stops or remain partially. In this case, it is necessary to treat the underlying disease that provoked intraocular changes.
Diagnostics
How to treat eye pressure? The attending physician will help to resolve this issue after a comprehensive examination. Therapy is prescribed by an ophthalmologist, however, depending on the cause that provoked the violation, a consultation of such doctors as:
- therapist;
- traumatologist;
- endocrinologist;
- neurologist;
- cardiologist;
- nephrologist.
The doctor asks the patient in great detail about the existing symptoms, and then prescribes an examination of the fundus. There are 3 main research methods, each of which is prescribed taking into account the individual characteristics of the eyeballs and the presence of certain diseases. Diagnosis implies:
- measurement of pressure by palpation-orientation method;
- application of the Maklakov tonometer;
- contactless verification.
You can measure pressure by palpation. To do this, close your eyes and lower them down. In this case, the fingers of the hands are located on the forehead, and the index fingers should be on the eyelids. In this case, you need to hold the eyelid with one finger, and feel the pulse of the sclera with the other. If the latter is practically not felt, then this may indicate increased pressure. Normally, the pulse should be felt quite clearly.
In addition, you can check the pressure level using a Maklakov tonometer. Such a device makes it possible to obtain data on the state of organs by imprint, but the cornea is somewhat flattened. Each eye is tested separately. This method of measurement makes it possible to obtain the most accurate data. The only downside is a slight discomfort.
Verification is also carried out contactless. Using a special tonometer, you can determine the presence of violations in the direction of the air flow. After that, special sensors display the result on the monitor. This verification method is completely safe and painless.
Pressure measurement
Measurement of intraocular pressure is carried out using special devices, in particular such as: pneumotonometer, Maklakov tonometer, electrotonography. When applying the Maklakov technique, no special training is required. If a person wears lenses, then they will first need to be removed.
Before the startthe procedure, the doctor introduces anesthesia. To do this, 2 drops of Dikain anesthetic are instilled into the patient's eyes with a break per minute. Next, the patient is placed on the couch, his head is fixed in one position, and then he must look strictly at one point. A small colored weight is placed over the eye.
Under the weight of such a load, the eye is slightly deformed. The severity of this process depends on intraocular pressure. A similar procedure is carried out 2 times with each eye. Then, on a specially prepared sheet of paper, an imprint of the paint remaining on the load is made. The required indicators are determined by the intensity of such coloring.
Measurement of pressure can be carried out using a pneumotonometer by determining the limits of the norm. There is also another very good and effective method for measuring pressure, namely electrotonography. It consists in measuring the amount of intraocular fluid and the characteristics of its outflow.
Features of treatment
The method of treating eye pressure is selected purely individually, depending on the cause that provoked the violation. At an elevated level, conservative methods such as drops or ointments are used as therapy, which normalize the outflow of fluid or nourish the tissues of the eye. In addition, injections may be used.
To normalize the patient's well-being, it is necessary to do special physical exercises for the eyes, and it is also recommended to use folk methods. AtIn the absence of the desired effect of conservative therapy, surgical intervention is indicated.
Microsurgical technologies are the most radical method of treating eye pressure. In this case, goniotomy is used in combination with goniopuncture, as well as trabeculotomy. In this case, the rainbow angle of the retina is dissected with the posterior plane of the cornea.
Medicated treatment
To eliminate the symptoms of eye pressure, treatment is carried out with the use of medications. In the course of an acute attack of angle-closure glaucoma, drugs such as:
- Pilocarpine solution;
- Dorzolamide;
- Timolol maleate.
All of these drugs are injected into the conjunctival sac. In addition, systemic therapy is required. Inside, drugs such as Glycerol and Acetazolamide are used. "Mannitol" or "Furosemide" may be administered intravenously or intramuscularly.
To stop an acute attack and prevent recurrence, you need to perform laser iridectomy in both eyes. If traditional methods fail to eliminate the attack within 12 hours, surgical intervention is indicated.
To increase the outflow of intraocular fluid, such drops from eye pressure as Xalatan, Tafluprost, Travatan are shown. Such funds are quite effective, and immediately after instillation it will be possible to normalize the patient's well-being. Howeverit is worth remembering that they have certain disadvantages, in particular, a change in the color of the iris of the eyes, the rapid growth of eyelashes and redness of the eyes. In addition, prescribe drugs such as:
- carbonic anhydrase inhibitors;
- beta blockers;
- cholinomimetics.
Beta-blockers are designed to reduce the amount of intraocular fluid. Their action begins approximately 30 minutes after instillation into the eyes. Such medicines include Okumed, Timolol, Arutimol. These drugs have certain side effects, such as decreased heart rate and bronchospasm.
Cholinomimetics contract the eye muscles and narrow the pupil, which significantly increases the outflow of tear fluid. In particular, "Pilocarpine", "Carbocholine" are prescribed. Among the side effects, pupil constriction can be distinguished, which significantly limits the visual field, and also provokes pain in the head.
With reduced eye pressure, symptoms and treatment can be very different. In particular, drugs such as Xalatan, Arutimol, Okumed are used for this. Often the cause of such a problem is the penetration of a foreign body into the eye. Treatment involves cleansing and applying drops to prevent infection from penetrating the injured area.
Folk techniques
To feel good without the use of medications, you need to understand exactly how to reduce eye pressure at home with the help offolk methods. First of all, it is important to create favorable conditions for quick and successful treatment. With high blood pressure and glaucoma, it is required to exclude exposure to too bright light on the eyes, as well as a long stay in complete darkness.
When the first symptoms of eye pressure occur, treatment at home should be carried out immediately. Solutions for external use will be effective, in particular such as:
- aloe decoction;
- infusion of nettle, lily of the valley;
- infusion of eyebright.
All these products can be used to wash the organs of vision. Natural compounds help to eliminate the infection and have a beneficial effect on the eyes. You can resort to the use of healing ointments that need to be rubbed into the temples. These remedies include a remedy prepared on the basis of honey or celandine. It is worth remembering that the treatment of eye pressure at home with folk methods is much safer than with medications, but the effect of such therapy is much lower. In addition, you must first consult with your doctor to prevent deterioration of he alth and the occurrence of complications.
In your usual diet you need to include a mixture of juices of beets, carrots, and parsley. Add a few drops of vegetable oil to the resulting composition. To normalize well-being and improve visual acuity, it is useful to consume blueberries or its extract in capsules.
Gymnastics
Manyare interested in how to relieve eye pressure with the help of special gymnastics. This will allow the eyeball to relax, as well as normalize the outflow of intraocular fluid. Exercises such as:provide a very good effect
- frequent blinking of the eyes for a minute;
- rolling eyeballs with closed eyes;
- rolling eyes.
You need to fix your eyes on an object located nearby, and then gradually move it into the distance. This exercise should be repeated several times. It is required to stretch out your hands in front of you, move your fingers, carefully watching them. Gradually, you need to move your palms as close to your eyes as possible.
It is recommended to do a contrast shower for the eyes every day. It is very easy to do this. To do this, you need to wash yourself, directing a jet of water at your eyes. The temperature should change from warm to cold. At the final stage, you need to rinse your eyes with cold water. Such a shower helps to strengthen the vessels of the eyes.
Prevention measures
To minimize the risk of increased eye pressure, fairly simple preventive measures should be followed, namely:
- get outdoors as often as possible;
- limit s alty and fried foods;
- take a short break from working at the computer;
- get enough sleep and rest;
- do not abuse alcohol;
- quit smoking;
- maintain normal water balance in the body.
Besides this,it is recommended to carry out special exercises for the eyes on a regular basis. This will help eliminate fatigue, restore visual function, and normalize eye pressure. Nutrition is of great importance. All consumed products must be he althy and fresh. In autumn and spring, it is advisable to additionally take special vitamin complexes.
As a preventive measure, you should not forget to visit an ophthalmologist every year to check your eyesight. At the first signs of visual impairment, you should consult a doctor for a comprehensive diagnosis and subsequent treatment.
