Hemorrhoids are a terrible disease, and largely because it affects not only the physical, but also the mental he alth of a person. Usually patients try to do without surgery, as it frightens even more. They resort to a variety of methods, including folk remedies, which leads to the overflow of the form into a chronic one and the impossibility of a cure. Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids today is one of the progressive and effective methods, so you should not be afraid of it.
To cut or not?
Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids is not carried out at random or by eye. For this, there must be indications, and only if they are present, the doctor makes a conclusion about the possibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of such an option. Usually, the disease is treated in this way if it has developed to the third or fourth stage. Be sure to take into account the age of the patient.
Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids is often effective when middle-aged people see a doctor. But for young people, it is recommended to resort to minimally invasive therapy, if possible, and only if it shows inefficiency, an operation is prescribed.
Is this useful?
On the surgical treatment of hemorrhoids reviews in most cases are positive. Patients note that the disease goes away completely, while there are no side effects from such therapy. On the other hand, it is very important to choose the right clinic and a qualified doctor.
An additional complication is that hemorrhoids are not a problem that you will discuss with friends or buddies, so it is very difficult to collect feedback from people you know. The Internet comes to the rescue. Also, use the recommendations of those therapists who you can trust. But as for the situation as a whole, it should be noted: surgical treatment of hemorrhoids is useful, as it returns the quality of life.
Nuances of the operation
Before starting treatment, doctors must carefully examine the patient. It is necessary to inform doctors about allergies, intolerance to certain drugs, pathologies and he alth problems. In some cases, such information may be a categorical contraindication to the operation, so the patient must be careful.
If hemorrhoids are found in an elderly person, it is recommended not to rush with the operation, but first try various mild methods of treatment:
- normalization of nutrition;
- hygienic measures;
- therapeutic gymnastics;
- folk remedies.
If you manage to get rid of constipation and eliminate bleeding, it is considered that the disease has passed into that stage,which does not require surgical intervention.
Indications for surgical treatment of hemorrhoids
The following situations are distinguished in which the operation becomes the best option:
- pain syndrome;
- bleeding causing risk of anemia;
- dropping nodes;
- chance of pinching, thrombosis.
But if the anus, the rectum is inflamed, surgical treatment of hemorrhoids becomes impossible. First, the inflammatory process is eliminated, then the swelling is removed, and only after that it is decided whether the patient can be operated on.
Preparatory period
First, you need to have a comprehensive examination by a doctor, pass all the necessary tests. Also in preparation:
- determine if there are contraindications;
- detect diseases accompanying hemorrhoids;
- eliminate swelling and inflammation;
- the day before surgery, bowel cleansing activities are carried out.
The latter usually consists of an enema and laxative medication.
Remember: neglect of these points can cause complications during surgery, which will negate all the advantages of such treatment. Upon successful completion of the preparatory period, the doctor decides which of the methods known to science is optimal in a particular case. Statistics show that in the past few years, the most common surgical treatment of hemorrhoids is the Hal Rar method.
And when is it completely impossible?
Bin some cases, surgical treatment of internal hemorrhoids, external is strictly prohibited. It should be remembered that the intervention is performed under general anesthesia, which imposes additional restrictions.
Contraindications:
- severe pathologies;
- heart disease;
- oncological diseases;
- diabetes;
- intestinal pathology;
- immunity problems.
Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids during pregnancy is not recommended. This is not a categorical contraindication, but a conditional one, therefore, in a particular case, the choice remains with the doctor. It is important to consider that with external hemorrhoids in a pregnant woman, the removal of nodes leads to relapses. Practice shows that the disease often resolves itself during childbirth.
How do we operate?
Different methods of surgical treatment of hemorrhoids have been developed. Statistics show that about half of all patients resort to surgery. Novelties in surgery are technologies that allow you to remove hemorrhoids quickly, painlessly, without complications. Highlight:
- minimally invasive therapy;
- classic surgery;
- laser treatment.
Minimally invasive techniques
Such methods of surgical treatment of hemorrhoids do not involve the use of a scalpel. During the operation, the surgeon pierces the tissues and manipulates through the holes.
If external hemorrhoids have been diagnosed, surgical treatment in a minimally invasive way is considered one of thethe best options. There are almost no contraindications, and the rehabilitation period is much shorter.
Sclerotherapy
Technology is useful in the first, second and third stages of hemorrhoids. It helps to stop the bleeding. Doctors inject special preparations into the nodes, which leads to the transformation of blood vessels into connective tissues. This quickly stops bleeding and leads to a decrease in the size of the nodes.
Infrared coagulation
The methodology is to use a photocoagulator. The doctor uses an anoscope, places the tip of the photocoagulator near the hemorrhoid. A stream of heat passes through the light guide, the principle of the influence of which on the human body is similar to a laser. Such therapy will not completely remove the node, but will stop the bleeding.
Latex ligation
With this method, special latex rings are put on the external knots. The surgeon uses a ligator. There are two types of devices - vacuum, mechanical. The entire part of the hemorrhoidal cone, located in the ring, disappears along with it. This place will be marked by a kind of growth of connective tissue. Today, up to 90% of all patients resort to this technology. From the moment the ring is put on until the day the bump falls off, about two weeks pass.
Cryodestruction
The procedure is also considered minimally invasive and consists in exposure to low temperatures on the hemorrhoid node. Liquid nitrogen is used. When tissues thaw, natural death occurs. This createsa small wound that can be healed with drugs, ointments. The entire operation takes no more than four minutes.
Classic Surgery
Situations are not uncommon when surgical treatment of hemorrhoids is possible only when the patient is in the hospital. At the same time, they prepare very carefully for the operation, and intervention is possible only with general anesthesia. There are several most common methods:
- radio wave surgery;
- desarterization;
- classic intervention;
- hemorrhoidectomy.
Key Benefits:
- rehabilitation lasts no more than five days;
- no open wounds;
- low chance of relapse;
- small chance of infection, bleeding.
Laser therapy
Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids with a laser is widespread, as it is not associated with discomfort during the removal of nodes. There is no pain, not even simple discomfort. You can completely refuse painkillers. Once the nodes are removed, you can walk. In the process of exposure to a laser, the chance of injury in the anus is minimized.
You can resort to laser therapy at the very beginning of the development of the disease, you can use it if the pathology develops. During surgery, the affected area is cut off with a laser beam and the tissues are soldered. The latter leads to complete relief of bleeding.
Laser benefits
Increasingly, doctors are suggesting laser therapy to patients. Not everyone agrees as the layman is unaware of the key benefits of this method.
So, positive features:
- painless removal. When carrying out manipulations, a person feels heat rolling in waves. If the pain threshold is low, local anesthesia is allowed;
- outpatient operation requiring no more than a quarter of an hour;
- no need to specially prepare for removal;
- you can go home as soon as the operation was completed, and the next day you can return to your usual way of life;
- minimizing the likelihood of bleeding, infection;
- the ability to remove nodes if fistulas, fissures, acute inflammations are diagnosed.
However, it should be understood that in any barrel of honey there can be a fly in the ointment. Thus, the removal of hemorrhoids with a laser has a number of disadvantages. For example, if neoplasms have developed very large, it is simply impossible to remove them with a beam. In this case, the use of a laser becomes a cause of complications. The second unpleasant moment is the high price tag for medical services.
Longo method
This technique has become known only recently. It is used if it is necessary to remove internal hemorrhoids. Key features:
- briefness of medical intervention;
- lack of wounds;
- quick return to normal.
However, there are some negative points. ATin particular, the Longo method is not applicable when removing external cones. In addition, such an operation will be frankly expensive.
But the recovery period after this removal is not required at all. Doctors recommend following a diet for some time after surgery, as well as treating wounds regularly. If at the same time there is pain, then you should wait a couple of weeks, during this period they should pass. If this does not happen, you must contact the surgeon again.
Post-operative complications
One of the most unpleasant situations is a relapse after surgical treatment of hemorrhoids. It would seem that we have got rid of this harmful disease that causes shame and self-doubt forever, and now it returns. The appearance of a new node and the need to go to the doctor again and remove something is very depressing. Perhaps this is the most severe of the possible complications in the treatment of pathology.
In addition to relapse, other negative reactions of the body after surgery are possible. For example, patients complain of severe pain. This is due to the fact that in the region of the anus the innervation of tissues is exceptionally rich. To eliminate discomfort, you should take painkillers. But you can’t choose medicines at random, which ones you have to. You must first consult a doctor and strictly follow the treatment program prescribed by him.
Another serious problem is psychological. Many patients experience very severe pain associated with hemorrhoids at some point. It can happen during surgery.or, for example, when visiting the toilet. In the future, this leads to the fact that a person tries to delay the urge to empty the intestines and bladder. This makes the situation worse. As a rule, the treatment is complex: they visit a psychotherapist, take laxatives prescribed by a doctor.
Observe in the postoperative period urinary retention. Usually this is typical only for the first day after the medical intervention. If the symptom persists for more than one day, it is necessary to visit a doctor. Medics perform catheterization.
It also happens that after a successful operation, bleeding opens. The reasons for this are different. For example, they unsuccessfully cauterized a blood vessel or injured the intestinal mucosa. If bleeding is detected, special sponges are prescribed, the damaged vessel is sewn together.
