A separate category in the transport function of the blood is the transfer of oxygen obtained from the environment with the help of the respiratory system to all other cells and tissues for the synthesis of the main macroergic substance - ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
This process is impossible without carriers of the vital gas - erythrocytes, red biconcave cells. Their color, along with the very ability to bind and release oxygen, is determined by hemoglobin, a highly differentiated protein of a quaternary structure, the main component of which is heme iron. Therefore, with blood loss, food deficiency of vitamin B12, B9 or the aforementioned metal, all symptoms of anemia are associated primarily with the loss or lack of hemoglobin synthesis, and determining its amount in the general analysis is the starting point. However, not only its total content is important, but also the degree of saturation of erythrocytes with it. For this, a color indicator is entered in the blood test,the norm of which varies in both men and women within 0.85 (6) -1.05. It is calculated as dividing the triple number of hemoglobin in grams by the first three digits of the number of red blood cells.
Characteristic and formula of CPU
The color indicator of blood is an extremely important category for the differential diagnosis of anemic syndrome, because it can narrow the circle of searches for the original cause of its occurrence. Therefore, if the patient goes to the doctor on his own or he has symptoms such as increasing general weakness, fatigue, dizziness up to loss of consciousness during a routine examination or in a hospital, then first of all he is given a detailed clinical blood test. It defines not only quantitative (various shaped elements), but also its qualitative characteristics. These include hemoglobin concentration, blood color index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate. According to the first of them, the presence and degree of anemic syndrome is judged (light - >90 g / l, medium - 90-70 g / l, severe - <70 g / l), while its norm ranges from 120.0 to 140.0 in women and from 130.0 to 160.0 in men.
Interpretation of results
And the color index of blood makes it possible to classify anemia into hypo-, normo- and hyperchromic, and already further to go to the primary etiology of the disease. These can be congenital defects in the structure of hemoglobin, iron deficiency, acute or chronic bleeding, damagethe genetic apparatus of erythrocytes or their excessive destruction, lack of vitamins, and many others. etc. So, for example, for the first two reasons mentioned, the blood color index is lowered, for the second - within the normal range or changes slightly, and for the last - even increased. This allows doctors to more quickly and efficiently reach the real clinical diagnosis of patients and prescribe appropriate treatment in a timely manner. Thus, the color indicator of blood can be safely attributed to one of the main and most important points of laboratory diagnostics.
