Tests for infections make it possible to detect pathogens of the most common pathogens, such as papillomaviruses, cytomegaloviruses, genital herpes, along with chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis, candidiasis and others. Let's start with the question of sexual infections.
Sexual infections: what laboratory methods are used for diagnosis?
The following tests for infections are used:
- Performing enzyme immunoassay makes it possible to detect antibodies to the pathogen.
- Performing a polymerase chain reaction can detect pathogenic organisms in a urethral or vaginal swab sample.
- Bacteriological culture with the determination of the degree of sensitivity of the parasite to antibiotics.
What are the indications for an examination?
Testing for sexually transmitted infections should be taken in the following cases:
- With pain in the lower abdomen, and, in addition, against the background of discharge from the genital tract.
- In case of pregnancy planning.
- On the backgroundunprotected or casual sex (within four weeks).
- As part of the planning of surgical therapy or manipulations on the genitourinary system.
- In case of infertility and miscarriage.
- On the background of rheumatological diseases.
- In the process of monitoring the effectiveness of the treatment of sexual infections.
Next, let's talk about how tests for infections are taken.
General rules for donating blood for various infections
Biomaterial for analysis for infection is taken on an empty stomach from 7:30 am to noon. Dinner the day before must be early and light, and the entire previous day must refrain from eating fatty foods. To exclude factors that can affect the result of the study, the following recommendations should be followed:
- Venous blood sampling is carried out after a fifteen-minute rest of the patient.
- Twelve hours before the study, it is necessary to exclude the use of alcohol along with smoking, eating, limit physical activity.
- Medication avoidance.
In the event that it is impossible to cancel the use of drugs, then the laboratory must be informed about this.
To be tested for infections, the day before the examination, do the following:
- Before analysis, it is important to consult a specialist.
- You should complete your course of medication within two weeks. Against this background, the exception is the case when the studyblood concentration of drugs.
- You must give up alcohol in two days.
- One hour refrain from smoking.
- Exclude physical activity along with psychological stress for half an hour.
Do not recommend taking tests after x-rays, physiotherapy and instrumental examinations.
Where to rent in Moscow?
In Moscow there are a large number of different laboratories where you can take tests to detect certain infections. Laboratory procedures take several hours at most. In the event that the result promises to be ready later than the next day, it means that the patient's blood is being taken somewhere else.
For example, such a service is provided by the network of medical clinics "Medline Service" and "He alth", laboratories "Invitro", "Hemotest".
In addition to laboratories, in Moscow there is the possibility of contacting various paid clinics, or it is worth passing an examination at a skin venereal dispensary in the area of residence.
Testing for latent infections
Such infections mainly include diseases that are sexually transmitted. These are diseases with a long incubation period. They are capable of not showing themselves in any way for several months, and sometimes even years.
There are more than thirty such infections. The most common ailments include syphilis along with herpes, gonorrhea, as well as less dangerous ureaplasmosis with papillomavirus and chlamydia. They can create significant problems infeatures when planning pregnancy.
You can take tests for latent infections at will in any laboratory. There are several diagnostic methods. All of them make it possible to detect pathogens at an early stage, even before the first symptoms of deviation appear. Some tests are able to report the stage of the disease, and, in addition, whether the patient has had a certain infection in the past. It is also possible to accurately indicate the time of entry of a pathogenic pathogen into the body. So, tests for infections of this kind include:
- Performing microscopic analysis.
- Perform culture for microflora along with antibiotic susceptibility.
- Implementation of enzyme immunoassay.
- Immunofluorescence test.
- Performing a polymer chain reaction.
List of tests when planning pregnancy
It is better for a woman to start family planning with a gynecologist's office. The doctor will prescribe a list of tests and mandatory consultations with the following specialists:
- Therapist's consultation.
- Examination of the oral cavity and treatment of diseased teeth at the dentist will eliminate the risk of a dangerous infection.
- A visit to an otolaryngologist. Pathologies of ENT organs are very dangerous and even in a chronic form they will be a constant source of infection.
- Consultation cardiologist.
- Conversation with an allergist.
Mandatory tests include:
- blood test(general, biochemical);
- general urinalysis;
- smear on vaginal flora;
- cervical scraping for PCR study;
- scraping cytology;
- test for antibodies to toxoplasmosis, herpes, rubella, cytomegalovirus, human papillomavirus;
- analysis for HIV, syphilis, mycoplasma, gonococci, gardnerella;
- detection of antibodies to staphylococcus, Escherichia coli;
- blood clotting test;
- testing for hepatitis B and C;
- colposcopy;
- testing the level of thyroid hormones.
HIV test
What research allows to detect the immunodeficiency virus in the human body? It is sufficiently reliable to identify such a study of venous blood, which is carried out in two forms. A common technique is enzyme immunoassay, which allows you to determine the quantitative content of viruses in blood serum.
ELISA for HIV detects the presence of antibodies to both types of virus. To determine this pathology, the patient's blood is combined with a protein in which the virus is located in several approaches. Against the background of a persistent repeated reaction of serum with a reagent and the production of antibodies, a positive conclusion is made.
ELISA screening is repeated for the purpose of rechecking, and only with two positive conclusions will a conclusion be made about the presence of the immunodeficiency virus. But given that the reliability of the methodology is up to ninety-eight percent, simplyit is impossible to rule out false positives.
Therefore, to confirm the diagnosis, an analysis is prescribed using the immunoblot method. Immunoblotting is a more expensive and more accurate way to detect HIV, combining ELISA with the separation of virus proteins by electrophoresis. The technique has a high sensitivity of up to ninety-nine percent.
Blood test
Blood analysis is a complex laboratory diagnostic, which is carried out to assess the state of internal systems and organs to identify the needs of the human body in trace elements and the threshold for its satisfaction. Based on the biochemical parameters of the blood composition, primary diagnostics of the functioning of the kidneys, liver, pancreas and other organs are carried out, data on metabolic processes are obtained (whether lipid, protein or carbohydrate metabolism).
Performing a detailed biochemical analysis is recommended as part of preventive goals for monitoring he alth status and early diagnosis of diseases. Such a study is necessary against the background of developing infectious or somatic abnormalities, in the process of the disease itself and at the stage of clinical recovery of patients.
Transcript
The interpretation of the results of a blood test for infections is carried out by specialists on the basis of laboratory standards and their compliance with the identified indicators. Self-interpretation of analyzes often gives a superficial idea of \u200b\u200bthe state of he alth, and may because of misdiagnosis and subsequent self-treatment.
Interpretation of the results should take into account not just the sex and age indicator, but also the influence of previous and existing diseases, along with the intake of certain medications that can affect the composition of the blood. It is equally important to consider the picture of the study as a whole. The fact is that many indicators indicate the presence of various processes (whether physiological or pathological), and only a specialist can correctly interpret the causes of changes in the blood composition.
Moreover, often for the purpose of diagnosis immediately after a blood test using this technique, doctors prescribe additional tests to obtain clarifications and differentiate the factors of the identified condition in the patient.
Conclusion
In conclusion, it should be said that not every infection manifests itself. For example, many bacteria with viruses are able to live in the human body for years without causing any suspicion. However, the consequences of latent infection are extremely serious. In this regard, it is impossible to neglect the conduct of relevant studies. We looked at what tests for infections you need to take.
