Doctor of Medical Sciences - an honorary academic title. It is awarded only to honored workers of the industry who have achieved considerable success not only in practical medicine, but also in research and solving complex medical issues.
Who is the degree awarded to?
The title of doctor of medical sciences is the highest level for scientists both in the USSR and in Russia. It immediately follows the title of the candidate. In domestic universities, its award is a prerequisite for obtaining a professorship. Without this, it is impossible to participate in the corresponding competition.
In Russia, this degree is awarded by the Presidium of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Federal Ministry of Education and Science. First of all, it is evaluated how the defense of the doctoral dissertation went.
At the same time, the applicant for the degree of MD must already have a Ph. D.
The doctoral dissertation should develop theoretical provisions that can be qualified as a serious scientific achievement. Or with their help it is possible to solve a major scientific problem of great importance, a great deal must be donescientific work. A doctor of medical sciences can receive this status only after defending his hypotheses in front of an authoritative audience.
In the Russian Federation, you can become a doctor of science in 23 branches of science, ranging from medicine and biology to architecture, philosophy and jurisprudence.
How many doctors of science are there in Russia?
Over the past 20 years, the number of doctors of science in Russia has increased significantly, there are more of those to whom medicine owes its development. Doctors of Medical Sciences deservedly receive this title. If back in 1995 there were less than 20 thousand of them, despite the fact that there were more than 116 thousand researchers with scientific degrees, today, with a reduction in the total number of holders of scientific degrees (there are just over 100 thousand left), there are more doctors of science - 25 with more than a thousand people.
That is, if earlier every sixth researcher with a scientific degree was a doctor of science, today every fourth one. At the same time, it should be noted that only those who are engaged in scientific development are included in their number, so the real number of scientific doctors in Russia is even higher.
PhD Abroad
It is impossible to say unequivocally what academic title a Russian doctor of medical sciences corresponds to abroad. The requirements and characteristics of doctoral degrees vary greatly from state to state.
At the same time, with some countries, our country has signed agreements on mutual recognition of documents confirming academic degrees.
For example, in 2003 such an agreement was concluded with France. According to him, witha French doctor of science is compared with a Russian candidate of medical sciences. Doctor of Medical Sciences, however, according to the documents, does not have a corresponding analogue.
A similar agreement was signed with Germany. Only here it is added that the Russian PhD corresponds to the German academic qualification Habilitation.
In Germany, the recognition of academic degrees is within the competence of the ministries of states.
Famous Russian medical scientists
There are many doctors of science among different medical specializations. But perhaps most of all among cardiac surgeons. These doctors are directly fighting every day for the lives of patients, their work will directly determine how the future fate of a person will develop and whether it will develop at all.
Prominent Russian cardiac surgeon, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Renat Suleimanovich Akchurin. Today he works in the Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex. He received his doctorate back in 1985.
Trained in the best clinics in the USA, first of all, he is known as a specialist who develops advanced areas of medicine that few people do at all - reconstructive and vascular cardiac surgery, performs unique operations in plastic microsurgery.
Thanks to more than 300 scientific publications in reputable Russian and foreign medical journals, he received the title of Doctor of Medical Sciences. Moscow has brought up more than one famous doctor, because it is here that the strongest domestic medical universities are located.
In Russiaknown primarily as one of the co-authors of unique techniques for transplanting toes to the hand, the most complex operations to restore the human hand. He received the greatest fame in 1996, it was he who was entrusted with the operation on the heart of Russian President Boris Yeltsin. Coronary artery bypass grafting was successful, the politician led the country for another four years after the treatment.
Siberian doctors
There are unique doctors not only in the capital, but also far beyond its borders. For example, this is Alsu Nelayeva, an endocrinologist, doctor of medical sciences. In Tyumen, he is a key specialist in his field.
She defended her doctoral thesis in 1997 in her specialization. The main attention is paid to the study of diabetes mellitus and vascular complications after surgery. Actively engaged in scientific work. Under her leadership, 5 researchers have already received the title of candidate of medical sciences. Only one doctor of medical sciences has graduated so far.
Moreover, Nelaeva not only devotes herself to teaching, but also continues to practice medicine. The Tyumen endocrinological dispensary works under her leadership.
Another major specialist from this Russian region is Irina Vasilievna Medvedeva. She is also an endocrinologist, MD. In Tyumen, he is the rector of the State Medical University.
Her specialization includes issues of dietetics, rational nutrition and feeding of newborns, which previously did not attractthe attention of major scientists.
She defended her Ph. D. and doctoral dissertations with Professor Krylov, who was also interested in these topics. She is recognized as a talented Russian scientist; today, under her leadership, a school operates in various areas of therapy. Much attention is paid to nutritional regimens for various diseases.
Author of thousands of scientific papers
One of the most famous surgeons in Russia - Khatkov Igor Evgenievich. Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor.
In the capital, he heads a clinical scientific and practical center, which in the past specialized exclusively in gastroenterology. Today the center is engaged in various medical areas. Doctor of Medical Sciences Igor Evgenievich Khatkov also heads the Department of Surgery at the Capital Medical and Dental University. Moreover, the university trains not only dentists, but is also one of the best universities in the country, which train narrow specialists in the direction of "Medicine". In addition, this is one of the oldest medical universities in Russia, which recently celebrated its 90th anniversary.
Khatkov himself comes from the Saratov medical school. He defended his dissertation on a topic related to the treatment of surgical pathologies, and received his doctorate for his work on the prevention of complications in laparoscopy. This is a modern surgical method in which all operations are performed through minimally small incisions. While in surgical practice, doctors are accustomed to making incisionsmuch more.
He alone is the author of more than a thousand scientific papers. Since 2014, he has been seriously dealing with oncological problems, due to the fact that this disease has recently become extremely popular in Russia.
God-given pediatrician
This is how another famous doctor, a graduate of the Saratov Medical Institute, is often called. Nikolai Romanovich Ivanov - Doctor of Medical Sciences, from the mid-60s until the end of his life, headed the Department of Children's Infectious Diseases at the Saratov University. For almost 30 years, from 1960 to 1989, he led this educational institution.
A strong research scientist who has devoted his scientific research to sepsis, acute intestinal infections and immunoprophylaxis.
Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Ivanov, was born in the Penza region in 1925. He entered the medical institute during the Great Patriotic War, in 1942.
He defended his first scientific work - a Ph. D. thesis - with Professor Zhelyabovskaya on the diagnosis and treatment of typhoid fever in patients who received the vaccine. He devoted most of his life to the study of infectious diseases in children. He studied various diseases - measles, diphtheria, scarlet fever, poliomyelitis and many others.
Of particular interest are his research on the early prevention of infectious diseases. The practical result was the development of a number of recommendations on the vaccination of children and adults against plague and cholera, which was especially relevant in those years.
Ivanov established criteria for the most effective vaccination against measles and mumps. Staphylococcal infection has been thoroughly studied. Methods have been developed to prevent acute intestinal infections in children and adolescents.
It is his merit - the foundation in Russia of the national school of pediatric infectious disease specialists. He was the supervisor of more than 40 dissertations, of which almost half are doctoral. All of them are devoted to topical problems of infectious diseases, not only in adults, but also in children.
Also, Ivanov became a mentor for hundreds of graduates of the Saratov Medical Institute, of which he worked as rector. During his leadership of the university, the number of students doubled, 32 new departments were opened. Among them are neurosurgery, polyclinic pediatrics, the first department of hematology in the Soviet Union. New polyclinics and dormitories for students were built.
Nikolai Romanovich Ivanov died in 1989 at the age of 64. He was buried in the city where he spent most of his adult life, Saratov.
Hematologist Scientist
One of the largest Russian scientists in the field of hematology - Andrey Vorobyov, professor, doctor of medical sciences. Born in 1928 in the capital. Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Research Institute of Hematology and Intensive Care. The first head of the Ministry of He alth in the Russian Federation. His main merits are in research in the field of oncohematology, as well asradiation medicine.
Andrey Ivanovich's parents were Bolshevik revolutionaries with great experience. Lenin's ideas were preached even before the October Revolution. At the same time, they were engaged in science and practical medicine. But even this did not save them from Stalin's repressions. Father Ivan Ivanovich, who worked as a doctor, was shot in 1936, his mother Mira Samuilovna was sentenced to 10 years in labor camps less than a year later. Pavel was 13 at the time.
During the Great Patriotic War, he began his career, worked as a painter. In 1947 he entered the Moscow Medical Institute. After receiving a higher medical education, he began his career in Volokolamsk as a doctor in a district hospital. Here he specialized in pathological anatomy, pediatrics and internal medicine.
Since 1956, he has been actively involved in science. Enters residency with Professor Kassirsky and begins to seriously engage in hematology.
He is making serious progress in this field. In 1971, he became the head of the department of hematology at the Central Institute for the Improvement of Doctors.
After the tragedy at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, Andrei Vorobyov became one of the main initiators of the creation of a government medical commission. Doctor of Medical Sciences, professor himself joined it and researched the therapeutic consequences for the victims of the accident.
At the end of the 80s, a nationally recognized specialist in the field of hematology. Therefore, it is he who becomes the director of the corresponding institute, which has now been transformed intohematology center operating under the supervision of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. Vorobyov left the high post only in 2011, when he turned 83.
In 1991 Andrey Vorobyov was appointed the first Minister of He alth in the history of Russia. True, he did not work at this post for long, a little less than a year, he was replaced by Eduard Aleksandrovich Nechaev.
Who invented swine flu?
Andrey Vorobyov's namesake - Pavel Andreevich Vorobyov, MD, professor is known for his original statements on the swine flu epidemic. He is the president of the Interregional Society for Pharmacological Research, so many listen to his opinion.
In his opinion, swine flu is a disease completely invented by pharmaceutical companies. The purpose of all this hype is only one - to make as much money as possible on the speculation of this topic.
Manufacturers of various drugs, according to Pavel Vorobyov, Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences, deliberately inflate the hype in order to promote all kinds of vaccines and drugs against viruses. Moreover, in this chain, everyone finds themselves in business and earning money - public figures earn political capital, reporters make good money while they write about new sensational diseases, and doctors have something to treat patients with. One of the biggest problems in modern he althcare is fictional diseases.
Moreover, Vorobyov insists, the concept of "fictional" is nottake it literally. These diseases exist, but their scale and consequences for people are greatly exaggerated. Sometimes they are credited with extraordinary properties that they do not actually possess.
Outbreaks of mysterious and strange infections have become more frequent in recent decades. According to media reports, they were supposed to take the lives of thousands of people. However, this does not happen, and against the background of such messages, pharmacological production is developing by leaps and bounds. And it's not just swine flu, but mad cow disease, and bird flu, and SARS.
Unthinkable funds are always allocated to fight them. We are talking about millions and billions of dollars and euros. Speaking specifically about swine flu, Vorobyov cites dry statistics. For example, last year, among all viral infections in the world, the proportion of swine flu was no more than 5 percent. At the same time, incomparably more funds were allocated to combat this disease than with similar diseases.
So everyone should make their own conclusion. But it is worth paying attention, if excessive attention of journalists, experts and pharmacologists is focused on some disease, then it is likely that the real problem is greatly inflated. In fact, everyone is only trying to get as much money as possible to fight this disease.
The doctor who wrote no prescription
That's what they say about the famous doctor Sergei Mikhailovich Bubnovsky. This is a man with a unique biography. When he was22 years old, Sergey got into a serious car accident, survived a clinical death. However, despite the forecasts of doctors, he was able to get on his feet and begin to lead a full life. After the accident, he seriously took up medicine, received a specialized education and developed his own treatment method, which he subsequently patented. Thanks to his technique, he got rid of crutches and today he moves freely like a he althy person.
Doctor of Medical Sciences Bubnovsky - the founder of kinesitherapy. This is an alternative method of treating chronic diseases, which lies in the fact that the main focus is not on medications, but on the internal reserves of the human body. Bubnovsky claims that if you learn to understand your own body, you can learn to cope with almost any disease.
Doctors of medical sciences in Russia generally positively assessed this practice. It consists in carrying out treatment with the help of active and passive movements of the patient, and much attention is paid to therapeutic exercises. Bubnovsky has been mastering this practice for over 30 years.
