In all its many years of activity, the clinic of the Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences "Institute of Nutrition" relies on the traditions and latest achievements of domestic and world medicine.
History
In 1872, the founder of the scientific approach to the nutrition of sick people and the use of nutrition as a therapeutic factor, Manuil Isaakovich Pevzner, was born. It is he who owns all the initiatives to create the RAMS clinic "Institute of Nutrition" back in 1921. Under his leadership, a department of diet and diseases of the digestive organs was created under the People's Commissariat of He alth of the USSR. Then, in 1930, the Central Scientific Institute of Nutrition of the People's Commissariat of He alth of the RSFSR was opened, and in its structure there was a department headed by M. I. Pevzner.
The staff of the original clinic was completely preserved. In those days, this institution was located along Bolshoy Nikolovorobinsky Lane and consisted of one hundred and twenty beds. It treated kidney disease, obesity, diabetes and gastrointestinal ailments. In 1944, the Institute of Nutrition was subordinated to the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, and therefore it was renamed. In 1992, he returned under the auspices of the Russian Federation and again became known as the Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.
Merit
The activity of the institute has always been successful: developments were introduced into he althcare practice, numbered diet systems (nosological principle) were created, which were used everywhere until the beginning of the 2000s, known as "tables according to Pevzner - from the first to the fifteenth". Medical nutrition has become of great importance in hospitals and military hospitals, in catering and in industrial plants.
Numerous scientific personnel and highly professional practitioners, experts in this field were brought up with the help of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences "Institute of Nutrition". M. I. Pevzner managed to deal with the affairs of various medical societies, actively participated in the International Society of Gastroenterologists, chaired the section of the Moscow Therapeutic Society and taught at the CIUV (Central Institute for the Improvement of Doctors).
People
Companions of the remarkable scientist, the clinic staff - M. S. Marshak, O. L. Gordon, L. B. Berlin, G. L. Levin and many others - themselves made a huge contribution to the introduction and development of dietology in practical he althcare. In the thirties and forties, they developed the basic principles for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers, acute and chronic colitis, gastritis, hepatitis, enteritis, liver and kidney diseases, obesity and diabetes, acute infectious diseases.
It was then that the issues of technologies in the preparation of medicinal dishes were resolved, which ensured the maximum safety of biologicallyactive substances in the products used. Both during the war and in peacetime, all the clinic staff introduced medical nutrition in the navy and army, they developed diets for those suffering from burns, purulent wounds, frostbite, and various traumatic lesions.
War
During the difficult years of the war, new methods and other approaches to the problems of clinical nutrition were required, most often associated with alimentary dystrophy. A method for restoring the body with varying degrees of malnutrition was developed and put into practice in a short time, using the widest range of products, including wild plants, including herbs.
And long after the end of the war, the Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences was still conducting all kinds of research on the role of vitamins, considering the pathogenesis of a number of diseases: beriberi, anemia, chronic inflammatory processes, non-scarring ulcers and many more. There was a search for food sources of the necessary vitamins. So, Professor M. S. Marshak developed preventive nutrition for industrial workers and then implemented it in hazardous industries in the country.
Books
With the help of fundamental scientific research, a theoretical justification was given for the various effects of nutrition on the systems and organs of the body, on its regulatory mechanisms, reactivity, metabolism and much more.
The results of many years of work carried out by the Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences were carefully systematized, and generalizations were embodied in manyrepublished book by M. Pevzner "Fundamentals of Clinical Nutrition". New editions of this book each time took into account the latest research results and were significantly supplemented. This is now a reference book for nutritionists.
Continued
In the future, the institute was headed by professors F. K. Menshikov and I. S. Savoshchenko, and the work of their famous predecessor continued. Scientific personnel improved, medical nutrition was organized.
New diets for hypertension, myocardial infarction were developed and introduced into he althcare practice, methods of enteral nutrition for surgical patients of certain categories appeared. Huge was the work with personnel - dieticians, dieticians, dieticians. Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences "Clinic of Clinical Nutrition" every year gained more and more popularity among the structures of the Soviet he alth care.
70s
In the 1970s, the clinic was headed by Professor M. A. Samsonov, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, and then the concept of a balanced diet in various nosological forms in different phases and stages of the disease, in varying degrees of metabolic disorders and all kinds of associated features of pathology. The optimal amount and qualitative composition of protein for the diet for chronic renal failure, rheumatism, nephrotic syndrome, enterocolitis, chronic hepatitis, as well as the qualitative composition and amount of carbohydrates and fats in the patient's diet were calculated.atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia.
In addition, the amount and ratio of s alt, potassium and sodium in diets for cardiovascular insufficiency, hypertension, and a number of other diseases were correlated. Diet therapy for obesity and individual calorie reduction have been developed. The mechanisms of post-resection syndrome have been closely studied, and as a result, numerous diets have been developed for organic and functional complications after gastric resection.
80s
In 1986, the clinic moved to a new building, where new departments were created: clinical nutrition, clinical biochemistry, and the bed capacity was increased to two hundred units. This helped both scientific work and practitioners of the Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. The clinical nutrition clinic received constant feedback, and most often they were positive. Scientific and practical work was already carried out with the help of electronic computers and computer programs.
The nutrition of a he althy person and a patient was assessed, methods for testing patients, including psychological ones, appeared, diets of a special chemical composition were created under the auspices of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. The Institute of Nutrition on Kashirka, represented by scientists and developers, received excellent feedback from he althcare practitioners who are implementing new methods. And, of course, the people who restored their he alth remained grateful. Malnutrition was diagnosed in time, diet therapy for diseases of alimentary dependence was carried out - all thiscould not but increase the credibility of the Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences in the structure of he alth care.
Children's department
The Pediatric Department of Nutrition, Gastroenterology and Hepatology is designed for forty beds in comfortable triple wards. In addition, there are single and double superior rooms - with a toilet, shower and TV. Hospitalization is carried out within the framework of high-tech medical care, research programs, compulsory medical insurance funds, as well as paid services of the Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.
The children's department receives the most grateful reviews, as the treatment is carried out according to clinical recommendations, with access to the most modern drugs that are just appearing on the pharmaceutical market. Individual dietary rations and seven-day menus are being developed, which include specialized therapeutic and preventive dietary products and biologically active supplements.
In step with the times
The Clinic of the Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences is conducting a unique study - a nutrimetabolic analysis. This makes it possible to develop a personalized therapy program taking into account the energy and plastic needs of the body of a child and an adult, as well as the individual characteristics of the body, metabolic and nutritional status.
The Clinic of the Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences also receives reviews because it constantly trains and improves the skills of its employees, and also because there are manypays attention to the promotion of he althy eating on radio, television and in the press. The main areas of work of the Institute of Nutrition are as follows:
1. Further study of the pathogenetic mechanisms of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver.
2. Further research into mental eating disorders.
3. Further work on the assessment of metabolic and nutritional status in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys, as well as in obesity of varying degrees.
4. Further development of effective methods of treatment and prevention of nutritionally dependent diseases.
Today
On the basis of the clinic there are new departments - pediatric, allergology; the laboratory of immunology, biochemistry and allergology was opened. The number of beds has also increased. The main tasks in the activities of the Institute of Nutrition remained the same - to help people's he alth.
And therefore, they will not stop there. The problem of clinical nutrition is being solved, modern methods are being developed and implemented, and transferred to practical he althcare. Every year, more than three and a half thousand patients with various diseases are treated in the hospital, and up to twenty thousand patients are examined and consulted in the polyclinic. Any citizen of the Russian Federation can receive permanent help at the clinic of the Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences under state guarantees of medical care at the federal budget expense. This will require making documents:
- valid policyCHI;
- referral for hospitalization;
- an extract from an outpatient or inpatient card with data from x-ray, clinical, laboratory studies;
- passport or other identification document;
- decision of the commission on hospitalization of the Research Institute of Nutrition.
In addition, the clinic also provides special medical care for a fee.
