Benzathine benzylpenicillin is an antibiotic and belongs to the penicillin group. It is used to treat all kinds of infectious diseases caused by bacteria that are vulnerable to its action. In this article, we will detail the instructions for use, indications and contraindications for taking the drug, and also list several analogues.
Benzathine benzylpenicillin: drug description
This drug is one of the first antibiotics of the penicillin group. Despite the very long period of use, it has not lost its relevance due to its wide spectrum of action and the ability to destroy a variety of pathogenic bacteria. The drug, for example, can deal with anthrax, meningococci, syphilis, and a variety of streptococci and staphylococci. It is administered by injection, since benzathine benzylpenicillin is not absorbed in the digestive tract.
Recipe in Latindoctors often prescribe, and then it is difficult for the patient to understand what he was prescribed. To avoid such misunderstanding, you just need to know the name of the drug in this language - Benzathine benzylpenicillinum.
Usually the drug is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. But it is also possible for the drug to enter the body through the spinal canal, subcutaneously, or through the affected area.
Benzylpenicillin is an antibiotic consisting of the active substance of the same name. But it is included in the composition of the drug in the form of s alts. So the substance can be stored for a very long time without disintegrating. And already after the introduction into the body, benzylpenicillin is released from the s alts and begins its antibacterial action.
Depending on the s alt in which the active substance is located, there are several types of the drug. Despite this, they all have approximately the same effect, but differ in the methods of administration and the duration of the effect.
Indications
Benzathine benzylpenicillin is prescribed for the following diseases:
- Infectious lesions of the respiratory organs (pleurisy, pneumonia, bronchitis, pleural empyema, etc.).
- Diseases of the genitourinary system (syphilis, gonorrhea, urethritis, cystitis, adnexitis, salpingitis).
- Infections of ENT organs (scarlet fever, tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis media, sinusitis, laryngitis, etc.).
- Purulent infections of the visual organs, bones and skin, mucous membranes (blenorrhea, dacryocystitis, blepharitis, osteomyelitis, mediastinitis, erysipelas, phlegmon, wound infections, etc.).
- Abscessbrain.
- Purulent meningitis.
- Septicemia, sepsis.
- Arthritis.
- Peritonitis.
- Diseases caused by spirochetes (yaws, anthrax, etc.).
- Rat bite fever
- Infections caused by Listeria, Clostridium, Pasteurella.
In addition, the drug is prescribed for prophylactic purposes in postoperative complications and complications of streptococcal infections (endocarditis, rheumatism, glomerulonephritis, etc.).
Pharmacokinetics
Benzathine benzylpenicillin (in Latin Benzathine benzylpenicillinum) immediately after injection begins to decompose, releasing the active substance. In this case, the drug remains in the blood for the next 3 weeks after the injection. In liquids, the substance penetrates much better than in tissues. It should be taken into account that benzylpenicillin is able to overcome the placental barrier and end up in the milk of a nursing mother. Excreted from the body through the kidneys unchanged. In the first 8 days, approximately 33% of the administered dose is excreted.
Pregnancy and lactation
As noted above, the drug is able to cross the placental barrier and enter breast milk. Therefore, when prescribing the drug, breastfeeding should be stopped.
During pregnancy, the appointment of a drug is possible only if the benefit to the woman outweighs the risks to the baby. The decision must be made by the doctor, warning the expectant mother of all possibleconsequences.
Contraindications
Benzathine benzylpenicillin (only a doctor can write a prescription) has a number of contraindications. It should not be given to people with the following ailments:
- Intolerance to penicillins or cephalosporins, an allergic reaction to them.
- High levels of potassium in the blood (hyperkalemia).
- Arrhythmia.
- Hay fever.
- Asthma bronchial.
- Kidney failure.
- Pseudomembranous colitis.
With caution, the drug is prescribed to children under six months and premature babies.
Side effects
Benzathine benzylpenicillin may cause a number of unwanted effects, listed below.
Various allergic manifestations:
- temperature increase;
- urticaria;
- rashes on mucous membranes and skin;
- joint pain;
- eosinophilia;
- erythema multiforme;
- Quincke's edema;
- exfoliative dermatitis;
- anaphylactic shock.
Adverse reactions of the cardiovascular system:
- thrombocytopenia;
- anemia;
- coagulation disorder;
- leucopenia.
Also:
- stomatitis;
- headaches;
- glossy;
- pain at injection site;
- abscesses;
- infiltrates;
- nephritis peripheral;
- fistula.
With prolonged use, harmful fungi andmicroorganisms can develop resistance, and then the drug will lose its effectiveness.
Benzathine benzylpenicillin: instructions for use
For patients over 12 years of age, the drug for preventive purposes and for the treatment of infectious diseases is administered once a week at a dosage of 300 to 600 thousand units or twice a month for 1.2 million units.
As a preventive measure for rheumatism, a remedy is injected for 6 weeks, once a week, 600 thousand units. At the same time, acetylsalicylic acid or other NSAIDs are prescribed at the same time.
Patients under 12 years of age are given the drug once a week at the rate of 5-10 thousand units per 1 kg.
There must be at least 8 days between injections. The average dosage is 2.3 million units.
Before use, the drug is dissolved in saline, special water for injection or novocaine (2.5% or 5%).
The drug can be administered in the following ways:
- intramuscular;
- intravenous;
- subcutaneous;
- lumbar (through the spinal canal);
- pleural (through the pulmonary pleura);
- subconjunctival (through eye tissues);
- drip through the ear;
- drip through the nose;
- directly in the tissue of the affected organ.
Combination with other drugs
Benzathine benzylpenicillin (the instructions directly indicate this) can interact with other drugs. At the same time, benzylpenicillin itself can havethe following actions: synergistic, antagonistic and bacteriostatic.
In addition, the drug increases the effectiveness of drugs related to indirect anticoagulants. And reduces the effectiveness of ethinylestradiol and various oral contraceptives.
Use together with NSAIDs, allopurinol, diuretics leads to a decrease in tubular secretion and an increase in the concentration of the active substance. In addition, allopurinol greatly increases the risk of developing allergic reactions.
Precautions
Before the first injection, it is necessary to conduct an aspiration test. If the drug accidentally enters the vessels, then ischemia or embolism may occur. In addition, there may be a feeling of anxiety, depression, short-term visual impairment.
In cases where it is necessary to give two injections at a time, the medicine is injected into different buttocks or arms.
When the first allergic manifestations appear, it is urgent to interrupt therapy. Depending on the circumstances, the doctor may prescribe anti-allergic drugs.
Often Levorin or Nystatin is prescribed with benzylpenicillin, as there is a risk of fungal infections. That is why with long-term drug therapy, suppression of the intestinal microflora that produces B vitamins can occur. In this regard, these vitamins can be prescribed for intramuscular injection.
Special Instructions
Benzathine benzylpenicillin is prescribed with extreme caution to patientsin which there are various violations of kidney function, there is a predisposition to allergic manifestations, with high sensitivity to the active substance. The final decision always rests with the attending physician, who must know the history of his patient well.
It is not recommended to prescribe a drug for the treatment of neurosyphilis, since with this disease the desired concentration of the active substance in the patient's blood cannot be achieved.
Analogues
There are other drugs that have the same effect as benzathine benzylpenicillin. Analogues, of course, also belong to the penicillin group. We list the most famous and effective:
- "Gramox-D" - is available in the form of a powder intended for dilution and oral administration.
- "Amosin" - produced in capsules, tablets and powder for oral administration.
- "Ospen" - is made in the form of syrup.
- "Hiconcil" - available in the form of capsules and powder for oral administration.
- Azlocillin sodium s alt is a powdered substance from which a solution for intravenous injections is made.
- "Ampicillin" - available in tablets, capsules, granules, the latter are made into a suspension and taken orally.
- Ecobol - produced in tablets.
- "Ospamox" - is made in the form of tablets, capsules and powder for oral administration.
- "Phenoxymethylpenicillin" - available in tablets, dragees, granules and powder.
- Star Pen - produced inin the form of granules that are diluted and taken orally.
- "Oxacillin" - is made in the form of tablets, capsules, powder, from which a solution for injection is prepared.
- "Standacillin" - available in capsules.
- Carbenicillin disodium s alt - produced in the form of a powder for making an injection solution.
Thus, despite the rather long use of the drug in medicine, it still remains one of the most effective remedies against various infections.
