Hemangioma is a benign tumor formed as a result of vascular damage. Most often, this skin condition occurs in children and adolescents. In the older population, hemangioma is less common, mainly localized on the back. Therefore, it is worth understanding the question of what it is - hemangioma of the spine in adults.
Reasons
At the moment, there is no single point of view on the causes of geomangioma. It is a well-known fact that the origin of this pathology is related to the failure of the processes during which vessels are formed during the intrauterine development of the fetus.
Specialists believe that the possibility of pathology in newborns increases due to the following factors:
- Having a multiple pregnancy.
- A woman in labor over 36.
- The newborn is underweight or premature.
- Eclampsia during pregnancy.
- While carrying a child, the mother takes certain medications.
- Mother's living in an unfavorable ecological environment.
- Viral diseases during pregnancy.
- During pregnancy, the expectant mother consumes alcoholdrinks.
In adolescence, this disease appears in the body, in which there is a predisposition under the influence of changes in hormonal balance and liver disease.
In adults, the appearance of this pathology is possible due to reasons such as weakened immunity, being in an unfavorable environmental environment or a long stay in direct sunlight. In adults, hemangioma often occurs in the spine, face or lips.
Symptoms
It is quite easy to identify the appearance of this disease. In a newborn, pathology is determined almost immediately after birth.
Hemangioma simple is a formation of red or burgundy color, located on the surface. Its distinctive feature is that such a formation has an uneven shape, and it is smooth. If you press on the formation, it will turn pale, and later return to its original shade.
Cavernous hemangioma is located under the skin, is a nodular formation, soft and elastic in texture. If you press on such a formation, it will turn pale and decrease in size, and later return to its original appearance.
The combined type of hemangioma is a mixture of internal and superficial. The appearance of such a tumor depends on which part prevails and which are in the composition of the tissue.
In newborns, hemangioma grows for the first six months, and later its growth will be slowed down or even stop. The size of the tumor can be about 15centimeters or more. And it's warm to the touch. When a tumor appears in the ear, then in the process of its growth, the hearing function deteriorates, and if the tumor is located on the eyelid, then the vision function deteriorates.
Cavernous hemangioma
This is a limited knot located under the skin in the form of a "ball" of blood vessels.
This type of vascular hemangioma is difficult to treat and rare among other types, since blood clots can form inside the cavities, and it can be located inside the organs. In most cases, it appears during the first days or weeks of life and grows most actively in the first six months. It is very easy to recognize and diagnose it, because it is soft to the touch and has a brown color, in most cases it protrudes above the surface of the skin.
In addition to the upper layers of the skin, cavernous hemangioma can be found in human organs. The most dangerous place is the liver. It is impossible to recognize this tumor without examination, since its presence is asymptomatic, with an injury, bleeding into the abdominal cavity may begin, which will not be easy to stop, since in most cases the blood beats from the artery.
No less dangerous places for these formations will be mucous:
- mouth;
- auricle;
- eyes.
And this is dangerous, because in the case of an increase in cavernous hemangioma, a person may lose sight or hearing. With diabetes, treatment is more complicated, as there is a risk of infection of the wound and the formation of ulcers.
Localization of the disease in the areaheads
Hemangioma on the baby's head at the initial time may not be visually detected at all, and after a while it may appear. This is due to the fact that it has a small size, and in the process of growing a child, it grows on its own. At the same time, if this tumor has been confirmed, then treatment should be started immediately.
But you can also completely get rid of this aesthetic flaw with liquid nitrogen. Doctors offer medical treatment for this skin condition on the head. The doctor prescribes regular examinations if the child has a hemangioma with the presence of blood vessels in the structure.
In any case, if you have identified signs of a hemangioma in your child, then examine him with a doctor. This tumor is not dangerous and is aesthetic in nature. When using certain rules for treatment, it can pass without a trace. Complications in the presence of hemangioma on the head are practically not detected.
Localization of the disease in the spine
Many are interested in what it is - spinal hemangioma in adults. This is not a malignant tumor. The development of education occurs in the vertebral body. With this tumor, an excess growth of blood vessels is observed in the medulla.
Reasons
Genetic predisposition plays a big role. The main reasons may be:
- local tissue oxygen starvation;
- too much estrogen.
For the second reason, it is clear that hemangioma is moreoccurs in women. The tumor has no symptoms. Sometimes pain can be felt, but usually it does not manifest itself in any way throughout life. Pain only occurs when the tumor is large.
There are several types of treatment for spinal hemangioma. Monitoring of tumor growth using MRI or complete removal of bones and joints is used. The way in which the tumor will be treated is chosen by the doctor, depending on the progression of the formation.
When a pathology is detected, patients should be examined frequently to understand why hemangioma is dangerous. An examination will help identify compression of one or more vertebrae. Also, the method of treatment depends on the size and location of the tumor. A popular technique is radiation therapy. With this method, strong X-rays are used, as a result of which particles of the tumor are destroyed.
Hemangioma of the kidney
Hemangioma of the kidney is a benign tumor of the organ. This disease is very rare. Kidney hemangioma looks like blood vessels that grow throughout the structure of the organ.
This kidney condition can be of different types:
- Racemose. With it, the blood vessels thicken, serpentine expand and intertwine, often forming vascular cavities. This type is an anomaly in the development of blood vessels. Most common in children.
- Cavernous. It is formed by vascular caverns - cavities that communicate with each other by anastomoses. But it is worth remembering that kidney hemangioma is capable ofbecome malignant, that is, turn into a form of a malignant tumor. In this case, its properties will change. The mechanism of this formation begins at the time of the formation of the placenta, when the fetus receives cells from the mother's organs. The immature fetal immune system reacts to these cells by producing a range of antibodies that can affect the fetal kidneys. The causes of this tumor in adults are not fully understood, but experts suggest that this is a genetic predisposition or autoimmune diseases of the body.
Hemangioma of the liver
If the size of the hemangioma is relatively small and within 5-6 cm, then most often the symptoms do not manifest themselves. With age, the tumor becomes larger and makes itself felt. There are discomfort and pain in the area of the intestines and stomach. Dull but piercing pain eventually becomes unbearable. If the disease is not detected in time, then the danger of hemangioma may be in the rupture of the tumor and internal bleeding.
Diagnosis
The most popular way to diagnose a disease is to do an ultrasound. If the results indicate liver hemangioma, then magnetic resonance imaging should be performed, it is she who will give a complete and informative picture of the disease. After an ultrasound of a hemangioma, the doctor can almost accurately prescribe the correct treatment.
Treatment
When detected at the initial stage, no treatment for hemangioma is prescribed. With moresevere forms are prescribed hormone therapy with the use of strong medications. They should be used only as prescribed by a doctor and after passing the necessary tests. In the case of the rapid development of the disease and the hemangioma reaches a dangerous size, it must be cut out. The surgical method is used only in critical situations, when there is a danger of the disease degenerating into an oncological form.
What to do with a hemangioma? Laser Therapy
The laser method is successfully used to remove hemangioma. Before starting treatment, the patient is required to undergo a consultation. According to its results, the parameters of the equipment are adjusted, the schedule and duration of treatment are determined. The laser removal method has a number of advantages.
The procedure is absolutely painless. A strong air flow cools the skin area. At the same time, slight discomfort creates a slight burning sensation. The most gentle patients endure it without strain.
High speed of the operation. It takes several minutes to process one area. The client does not even have time to morally tune in to the procedure, as it is already over. The highest efficiency is achieved with the use of special modern laser systems.
This method is most applicable to the treatment of defects associated with blood vessels. As a rule, one procedure is sufficient for the treatment of a small area. The accuracy and selectivity of the laser action avoids damage to the skin surface. This prevents burns orscars. In the process of treatment, the plan is adjusted in connection with the results achieved.
Laser therapy is the most common and relevant option in our time, and all because the procedure is painless, since lasers have a cold skin protection system, which means that anesthesia is not needed. Suitable for both adults and children. The laser, heating the hemangioma, causes the vessels to stick together, the formation resolves, without marks on the skin. The procedure does not take place in one stage, usually in 4-6 weeks. This method is very convenient due to the possibility of removing large hemangioma. Any place is accessible to the laser, such as the eyelids.
Treatment with Propranolol
It has been proven that if hemangioma is treated in children under 5 months old, then in 80% of cases it can completely disappear without surgery. Now they are organizing centers that deal with this. This is real progress in medicine. The treatment system is the same, only the blocking of blood vessels is performed by the drug. And the tumor subsides, it ceases to be saturated with blood, and the vessels simply disappear. This method is not so convenient, because there are consequences, such as swelling.
Freezing hemangioma using cryodestruction
This method is used in cases where other methods cannot reach the hemangioma. Performed without the use of painkillers.
Liquid nitrogen is applied. In the process, due to the low temperature, the hemangioma cells die, but remaina small bubble that cannot be pierced, it will heal on its own. In some cases, ointment is used for a speedy effect. The disadvantage of this treatment is in the speck that will remain. At first it will be pink, and then almost invisible.
Hormonotherapy
Carried out with the help of the drug "Prednisolone". It is used in rare cases when the location of the hemangioma in a child affects the vital organs: respiration, vision. This treatment option is designed for adjuvant use.
Surgery
Extremely dangerous method of treating hemangioma, because if the surface of this "glomerulus" is damaged, then there is a risk of bleeding.
This is especially dangerous in places like this:
- neck;
- in the chest area;
- belt and abdomen area;
- where belt injury can occur.
Irradiation at the right doses
A very ancient method of treatment, since radiation doses seriously affect not only hemangiomas, but also the functions of the human body as a whole. However, there are places where hemangiomas are located, where other methods cannot be dispensed with. For example, the eye socket.
Consequences
Dangerous consequences of hemangioma:
- penetration into the structure of the skin, spreading and destruction of nearby organs;
- destruction at the site of hemangioma formation of body components, such as muscles, bones, spine;
- the occurrence of a destructive effect on the back of the brain;
- destructive effect on internal organs such asliver, kidneys and spleen;
- additional attachment of infection;
- on the site of a hemangioma, the formation of precancerous structures;
- occurrence of platelet deficiency and anemia;
- cosmetic disorders such as scars, scars, etc.
Advice for parents of a newborn
In each case, hemangioma in newborns requires special attention. Education is photographed, simply measured, outlined on parchment or cellophane month after month, in order to later compare and understand whether an increase has occurred. It is necessary to take into account the fact that the baby is also growing. If the tumor increases according to the growth of the child, then it is simply tissue growth. If it has become many times larger, then this is the growth of the tumor itself.
It is very important to understand how not to cause harm, not to cause cell growth. Why can this happen? It is not recommended to rub this area, due to the fact that the massage increases blood flow, and the formation can grow. Hemangioma should be protected from mechanical and chemical damage. In areas where this happens, it is recommended to eliminate the formation as soon as possible. Because the traumatization of each benign tumor leads to its malignancy, that is, malignancy.
Hemangiomas, like any other benign or malignant tumors, should not be exposed to prolonged sun exposure, due to the fact that they, like moles, increase in the sun. As a rule, if the tumor in a child grows according to the body, does not interfere with the organs,is not injured, then it is not removed. By the age of 6 or 7, they often disappear completely.
