Cases of hemorrhagic syndrome are quite common in modern medical practice. Such diseases can be both congenital and acquired, but in any case they are accompanied by subcutaneous hemorrhages and bleeding of the mucous membranes. So what is the cause of this type of disease, and what methods of treatment does modern medicine use?
Main causes of hemorrhagic syndrome
In most cases, such a disease is associated with a violation of the process of hematopoiesis or diseases of the circulatory system. To date, the causes of hemorrhage are usually divided into the following groups:
- Some blood diseases, accompanied by a violation of the formation of platelets and bleeding. This group includes thrombocytopathy, thrombocytopenia, and Werlhof's disease.
- Quite often, the cause of hemorrhagic syndrome is a violation of blood clotting, which is observed with prothrombin deficiency and various types of hemophilia.
- Vascular damage (e.g. wall fragility)also leads to small hemorrhages. Hemorrhagic syndrome is observed with telangiectasia and hemorrhagic vasculitis.
- On the other hand, uncontrolled intake of certain drugs - anticoagulants and antiaggregants (prevent platelet aggregation) can lead to the same result.
- There are also so-called psychogenic hemorrhages, which are characteristic of Munchausen's syndrome and some neurotic disorders.
What are the symptoms of hemorrhagic syndrome?
Today, it is customary to distinguish 5 forms of hemorrhagic syndrome, each of which is accompanied by a unique set of symptoms:
- The hematoma form of the syndrome is observed in hemophilia. Such diseases are accompanied by painful hemorrhages in the joints and soft tissues, as well as a gradual disruption of the functioning of the skeleton and muscles.
- In the petechial-spotted type of pathology, painful hemorrhages are observed under the upper layers of the skin, bruising occurs even with the slightest pressure.
- The mixed hematoma-bruising type combines the symptoms of the two forms described above.
- Vasculitis-purple form of the disease is accompanied by the appearance of hemorrhages in the form of erythema. Often the patient's condition is complicated by intestinal bleeding.
- In the angiomatous type, persistent local hemorrhages are observed.
There is also an edematous-hemorrhagic syndrome, which is diagnosed in newborns. This is extremely harda condition accompanied by hemorrhage in the lungs.
Hemorrhagic syndrome: treatment
If we are talking about congenital diseases (hemophilia), then it is completely impossible to cure them. Therefore, patients need constant treatment and supervision by a doctor. In some cases, hormonal drugs are used that are able to normalize the processes of blood formation. To stop bleeding, special drugs are used, in particular aminocaproic acid. With massive blood loss, blood plasma transfusions are necessary.
