People with asthma know how important it is to get help with bronchospasm in time. Sometimes the right actions in this difficult situation can save a life. Bronchodilators play a significant role in ridding a person of lung problems.
Medication description
"Teopek" (300 mg), the instructions for use of which are given in this article, are white tablets of a flat-cylindrical round shape, which are packed in a contour package.
The main active ingredient of the drug is theophylline. Its concentration in one tablet of this form of the drug is 300 mg.
How does this medicine work?
According to its pharmacological action, theophylline, which is a derivative of purine, has an inhibitory effect on phosphodiesterase. The active component of the drug blocks special purine receptors, stimulates the accumulation of cAMP in tissue depots, reduces the ability of smooth muscle tissue to contract, reduces the amount of free calcium ions that migrate throughcell membranes.
A pronounced vasodilatory effect of taking the drug "Teopek" (300 mg) was noted. Instructions for use describe this property as an effect on peripheral blood vessels. Theophylline enhances the passage of blood through the kidney system, helps to relax the smooth muscles of the bronchi and blood vessels. Also, the action of this active ingredient is characterized as a moderate diuretic. Theophylline prevents the release and exit of substances that provoke an allergic response, and also increases the stability of mast cell membranes. If the patient has hypokalemia, the active substance intensifies ventilation of the lungs.
Theophylline contributes to the normalization of the functioning of the respiratory system, activating the corresponding center in the brain, as a result of which the blood is better saturated with oxygen, the concentration of carbon dioxide decreases. The drug "Teopek" has a stimulating effect on the diaphragm, causing it to contract. It also increases the value of the mucociliary clearance index, intensifies the activity of the respiratory and intercostal muscles.
Theophylline normalizes blood microcirculation, reduces the formation of blood clots, suppresses a specific factor and eliminates platelet cell aggregation. Also, the drug improves the rheological qualities of blood, increases the resistance of erythrocytes to deforming factors.
"Teopek" (300 mg) helps to reduce the total pressure in the pulmonary circulation, and also reduces vascular resistance in the lung system. As a result, the tone of the integument of the skin, kidneys andthe brain is reduced. As a result of taking theophylline, stimulation of coronary blood flow, increased cardiac activity, increased demand for oxygen in myocardial cells, increased pulse rate, and the strength of heart contractions increase.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug
After a patient has taken a theophylline tablet, this substance is completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The food consumed affects the rate of absorption of the drug, but the clearance and extent of absorption remain unchanged. 40% of the active substance binds to plasma proteins. Metabolism of theophylline occurs in the liver through cytochrome P450 isoenzymes.
Excretion of metabolites in the active form is carried out with the help of the kidneys, however, 10% of the drug is eliminated in the original form. Several factors have a significant impact on the metabolism of theophylline. Smoking, taking certain medications, dietary features, comorbidities, age can make adjustments to the metabolism of this active substance in the human body. Decreased clearance of theophylline is observed in pulmonary edema, liver disease, COPD, and heart failure.
Who is indicated to take this remedy?
There are certain conditions in which the use of "Teopek" (300 mg) is indicated. Instructions for use names the following diseases:
- chronic obstructive bronchitis;
- sleep apnea;
- emphysema;
- bronchial asthma;
- pulmonary hypertension;
- cor pulmonale.
Alsothe drug "Teopek", reviews of which are positive, can be used in combination with other medicines in the treatment of edema of the renal nature.
Patients note the high effectiveness of this drug and its acceptability for the treatment of diseases of the respiratory system.
Contraindications
However, not every person can use this drug, due to the presence of a number of warnings in the remedy. Teopek has the following contraindications:
- hemorrhagic type stroke;
- epilepsy;
- bleeding from the digestive tract in history;
- ulcerative formations in the digestive organs;
- high-grade tachycardia;
- arterial hypertension or hypotension;
- hypersensitivity;
- gastritis with high acidity;
- Children under 12.
If any of these syndromes or conditions are present, theophylline should be discontinued
Side effects
There is a fairly large group of side effects from taking the drug "Teopek" (300 mg). Instructions for use separate them by systemic manifestation:
- disorders of the nervous system: headaches and dizziness, sleep disturbance, agitation, increased anxiety and irritability, tremor;
- dysfunctions of the heart and blood vessels: tachycardia, arrhythmia, hypotension, increased frequency of angina attacks, cardialgia;
- violation of the normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract: nausea,gastralgia, vomiting, heartburn, reflux, exacerbation of ulcers, diarrhea, decreased appetite;
- manifestations of allergic reactions: skin rash, fever, itching;
- among other side effects from taking the drug were noted: tachypnea, albuminuria, increased diuresis, chest pain, hematuria, flushing, excessive sweating, hypoglycemia.
Usually, when the dose of the drug is adjusted downward, the manifestation of side effects decreases or stops altogether.
How to take the drug?
Means for bronchitis, such as Teopek, are prescribed only by the attending physician and their dosage is selected on an individual basis. On average, the daily nome of theophylline is 400 mg. If the patient tolerates the drug well, then after 2-3 days from taking the first dose of the drug, the volume is increased by 25% and then at the discretion of the doctor.
When taking the remedy for bronchitis "Teopek" in a daily dose of less than 900 mg, monitoring the content of theophylline in the patient's blood is not necessary. If a manifestation of intoxication is noted, then it is urgently required to establish control over the level of concentration of the main active substance in the blood. The optimal values are considered to be 10-20 mcg per ml. If the content of theophylline in the patient's blood is higher than normal, then the development of negative reactions of the body is observed. In this case, it is required to reduce the dosage of the drug, and the therapeutic effect will weaken.
Can an overdose occur?
Broncholytic drugs such as Teopak may because serious impairment of body functions in case of overdose. With an incorrectly selected daily intake of this remedy, the following manifestations may occur:
- reduced appetite;
- insomnia;
- diarrhea;
- ventricular arrhythmias;
- tachycardia;
- bleeding of the digestive system;
- tachypnea;
- tremor;
- anxiety;
- skin hyperemia;
- excitability;
- fear of light;
- vomiting blood.
Severe poisoning can also develop, the symptoms of which are as follows:
- appearance of epileptoid seizures;
- hypokalemia;
- renal failure, myoglobinuria;
- hypotension;
- confused mind;
- hyperglycemia;
- metabolic acidosis.
What to do in this case?
If these signs are present or suspected, it is necessary to perform a gastric lavage, give the patient enterosorbents, laxatives, and organize diuresis, plasma sorption, hemodialysis and hemosorption. If the patient has convulsions, then he is recommended to perform oxygen therapy and intravenously inject Diazepam, which will help to effectively stop the seizure. In case of pronounced nausea and vomiting, intravenous administration of Ondansetron and Metaclopromide should be prescribed.
What medicines should not be combined with Teopak?
Teopak-type bronchodilators are not recommendedtogether with macrolide antibiotics, Allopurinol, Cimetidine, Lincomycin, Isoprenaline, as well as oral contraceptives, since all these medicinal substances help to reduce the clearance of theophylline.
It is not recommended to combine the intake of beta-blockers, especially non-selective ones, with the drug "Teopek", which can lead to bronchial constriction and a decrease in the bronchodilatory effect of theophylline.
If "Teopek" is used in conjunction with "Furosemide", caffeine and other substances that stimulate beta-2-adrenergic receptors, then the activity of its main component increases significantly. If you combine theophylline with "Aminoglutitemide", then the first substance begins to be actively excreted from the body and its effectiveness drops.
"Acyclovir" is able to increase the concentration of the main active ingredient "Teopek" and enhances the negative effects of its administration. Similar phenomena are observed when theophylline is taken together with the drugs Di alteazem, Felodipine, Verapamil, Nefedipine. These drugs do not change the bronchodilator effect, however, the patient may experience symptoms of adverse reactions or overdose.
The substance "Disulfiram" is able to increase the content of theophylline in the blood to critical levels, dangerous toxic damage. "Propranolol", on the contrary, reduces the clearance of the active substance "Teopek". Theophylline concentration increases when it is taken together with Enoxacin and fluoroquinolones. With theophylline therapy, the effectiveness of lithium s alts decreases.
In complex treatment with Phenobarbital,"Carbamazepine", "Isoniazid", "Rifampicin", "Sulfinpyrazone" increases the clearance of "Teopak" and reduces its effectiveness. With the simultaneous administration of theophylline with Phenytoin, mutual suppression of the content of active components in the patient's blood is observed.
These instructions are especially important, ignoring them is fraught with he alth problems. Therefore, before taking Teopek, carefully read the instructions. And if you are taking any of the above medications, please consult your doctor.
How to buy this medicine and how much does it cost?
Due to the presence of serious contraindications and side effects of this drug, "Teopek" is released in pharmacies only by prescription.
The drug "Teopek", the average price of which in Russia is 160 rubles, is presented in pharmacies by various manufacturers. One of the varieties is a medicine from the Ukrainian pharmaceutical company Borshchahovsky KhPZ CJSC NPTs. Its cost is 155 rubles. Russian production of the drug "Teopek", 300 mg is carried out at the enterprises of CJSC "Binnopharm" and "Valenta". The cost of these drugs is 290 rubles and 190 rubles, respectively.
In general, the drug "Teopek", the price of which is acceptable, is considered an affordable medicine for many citizens of our country. Compared to European counterparts, this tool is much cheaper. The Russian production of Teopek made it affordable.
Special instructions for taking medication
When taking Teopek,reviews of which are positive, you should pay attention to the following information. If the patient has coronary or heart failure, atherosclerosis, cardiomyopathy, gastrointestinal ulcer, liver pathology, prostate tumor, reflux, pregnancy, hypothyroidism, or an increased tendency to convulsions, then theophylline drug should be taken with caution.
Children under 12 years old and elderly patients "Teopak" is prescribed extremely rarely.
It is possible to use rectal forms of the drug, but they should be used with caution in rectal pathologies and diarrheal syndrome. Patients with addiction to smoking note a decrease in the effect of Teopak treatment.
Combined treatment with theophylline and xanthine derivatives is considered unacceptable. If an elderly patient has a pronounced concomitant pathology, a viral infection, pathologies of the liver, heart and blood vessels, then the doctor needs to adjust the dose of the drug.
Can pregnant women take the drug?
For a pregnant woman, this drug is prescribed if there are strict indications, since theophylline is able to cross the placenta. If Teopak is indicated for a nursing mother, then lactation should be stopped.
This guide is a simplified version of the full instructions that come with Teopak. Please read it carefully before use. If something confused you or you have doubts, consult your doctor.
