A person thinks about his body most often when something starts to bother him - there is pain or discomfort caused by he alth problems of a particular organ or system. Sometimes it makes itself felt stagnation in the gallbladder. What to do in this case, what examinations you need to undergo to make the correct diagnosis, how to help the body cope with the problem that has arisen, will be described below.
About the gallbladder
All elements of the human body must perform a single, well-coordinated work. At least sometimes we remember some of them - about the heart, stomach, organs of the reproductive system, for example. And we remember some parts of a single system very, very rarely, only when they make themselves felt. Stagnation in the gallbladder is just the reason when a person thinks about the he alth of this inconspicuous worker.
The gallbladder itself is a hollow organ, somewhat reminiscent of a bag -the elongated shape helps him "hide" under the liver. But despite the invisibility and small size, the functionality of the gallbladder is very important for the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, and therefore for the whole organism as a whole. The work of the body is to collect, store and periodically release into the small intestine the secret produced by the liver - bile. The quality of the digestive process largely depends on the proper functioning of the gallbladder, which means that the body absorbs all the necessary components that come with food. Diseases of the organ, such as cholestasis of the gallbladder, cause many he alth problems, ranging from pain to lifelong use of special drugs for the quality process of digestion.
The secret of the liver
The gallbladder in its functionality has one feature - it does not produce the secret that it accumulates. The liver produces bile, sending it through a special channel to the "bag", where it is stored until a certain point. The release of bile from the gallbladder is activated when the food bolus passes from the stomach into the small intestine. Violation of the outflow of bile affects the quality of the digestion process, which almost ends in the upper sections of the intestinal tract. The functionality of the liver secretion, which accumulates, stores and moves the gallbladder to the intestines, is quite extensive for such a small organ:
- neutralizes pepsin, a gastric secretion enzyme that breaks down proteins from food to the statepeptides;
- activation of regeneration processes regularly needed by the intestines;
- participation in the production of micelles - components of a surface-active digestive component that helps break down fats;
- mucus production due to the work of emulsifying agents, which also includes surfactants;
- work to maintain intestinal motility in the right mode;
- involved in protein digestion;
- excretion of cholesterol, bilirubin, metals, steroids from the body with feces after reabsorption by the intestines or filtration in the gallbladder.
The rich activity of the gallbladder secretion is based on its composition, and bile includes:
- water, which contains up to 80% of the total mass;
- 8 to 10% bile s alts;
- about 4% pigments and slime;
- up to 2% fatty acids;
- less than 1% inorganic s alts;
- about 0.4% cholesterol.
All substances found in bile must be in a stable balance, the imbalance of which leads to disruption of the work of not only the gallbladder, but also the digestive system as a whole. If all water is removed from the composition of bile, then its bulk - almost 70% - will fall on primary and secondary bile acids, as derivatives of cholanic acid. According to its acidity, the secret of the liver, collected by the gallbladder, refers to alkalis. Violation of the composition of the secretion of the liver leads to a malfunction of the functionality of the gastrointestinal tract. What is dangerous stagnation of bile in the gallbladder? It is precisely by changing the balance of its components and potenti althe threat of transformation into a lithogenic form.
Potential problems
Like any other organ in the body, the gallbladder performs its functions for a specific purpose, the main direction of which is to ensure the quality of the digestion process with the help of the collected, stored and timely released secret of liver hepatocytes. One of the most common problematic conditions is stagnation in the gallbladder. Its causes are associated with a violation of the composition of bile. This leads to the fact that bile, which is liquid in its consistency, acquires a thicker, so-called lithogenic structure. However, such a pathology can be caused by nutritional features, a violation of the patency of the bile ducts, or malfunctions of the sphincters. All those who have encountered such a problem ask how to treat bile stasis.
How bile stasis manifests itself
Since bile is an active component of the food digestion system, the problems caused by its stagnation primarily affect this area of the human body's vital activity. With a lack of release of bile into the small intestine or a change in its structure, changes occur in the process of digestion:
- increases the acidity of the contents of the small intestine;
- the properties of enzymes produced by the pancreas are violated;
- lipids do not undergo the process of emulsification, which means they are not able to penetrate into the blood;
- the processes of filtering cholesterol are disrupted, which ceases to be excreted with feces, but returns to the blood, where it can be deposited on the walls of blood vessels;
- carbohydrates are not able to be converted into glycogen without bile, which affects the decrease in activity due to the limited reserves.
This is a rather serious, potentially dangerous condition - stagnation of bile in the gallbladder. Its symptoms appear much later than the problem itself appears. But over time, a person begins to feel periodically appearing heaviness in the stomach, belching, bitterness in the mouth, nausea. In case of serious failures in the hepato-biliary system, a yellow coating appears on the tongue. Indigestion leads to the appearance of putrid odor from the mouth, which is not associated with poor dental he alth. There are constipation or diarrhea, flatulence and bloating. Since fats are not digested, but are excreted in an almost unchanged form, steatorrhea develops - feces are shiny, light in color. Gallbladder cholestasis is the main reason why bile is unable to enter the intestines. Has several characteristic symptoms:
- severe itching, mainly on hands and feet;
- appearance of age spots - xanthoma and xanthelasma;
- pain in the right hypochondrium;
- maceration, that is, swelling, thinning of the skin.
Also, stagnation in the gallbladder affects the general state of he alth - there is weakness, loss of strength.
The liver secret and a special period in a woman's life
Pregnancy causes many changes in the functioning of all systems of a woman's body. Adjustable in accordance with the need to bear a newlife, the hormonal background affects almost all the processes that occur to ensure life. In some women, the work of hepatothrombin receptors that produce bile and the bile duct system are also affected. They cease to "understand" each other, and bile does not have time to be removed from the gallbladder in the amount in which it is produced and accumulated. The woman begins to suffer from severe itching, discoloration of the sclera and skin to icteric, the appearance of age spots, and a blood test shows an increased level of bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Stagnation of bile in the gallbladder, the symptoms of which are quite unpleasant, requires a mandatory visit to a specialist for a pregnant woman.
Diagnosing the problem
The gallbladder and liver are "silent" organs, they begin to actively signal their malfunctions when the problem becomes deep enough. Stagnation in the gallbladder is difficult to determine by taking an anamnesis and external examination. To make an adequate diagnosis, the patient must undergo a whole range of examinations. These will be:
- blood test in standard form;
- urinalysis for urobilirubin;
- study for components of bile - bilirubin, AST and ALT, bile acids, cholesterol, gamma-glutamine transpeptidase - liver enzyme, alkaline phosphatase;
- antibodies to helminthiasis;
- coagulogram.
If cholestasis, cholecystitis associated with bile stasis is suspected, the patient undergoes the following instrumentalhardware diagnostic methods:
- ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs and the liver with the gallbladder in particular;
- esogastroduodenoscopy;
- scintiography of the liver and gallbladder;
- X-ray retrograde endoscopic bile ducts, bladder, liver;
- computer or magnetic resonance imaging.
A comprehensive examination will identify existing problems of the gallbladder, ducts, liver, and receive adequate treatment.
Features of childhood
Stagnation of bile in the gallbladder of a child is not such a rarity. The reasons for it may be:
- disturbances in motor function due to changes in the physical shape of the gallbladder and ducts;
- malnutrition;
- viral diseases of the digestive system - liver, gallbladder, bile ducts;
- violations of the functionality of the sphincters of the gallbladder;
- tumor formations of various nature, localized in the liver-gall bladder system;
- the so-called bend of the gallbladder - a change in the shape of the organ, resulting in the inability of the secret to circulate in the system;
- helminthiases;
- faults in the nervous system;
- congenital anomalies of the physical structure of the organ.
Any long-term violation of the digestive process can be an impetus for the development of cholestasis and stagnation of bile in a baby, followed by a violation of digestion and a deterioration in general he althchild. Children suffering from such problems experience pain in the right hypochondrium, they have unstable stools - diarrhea is replaced by diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and bitterness in the mouth periodically appear. The baby's skin may become yellowish, acne appears, and itching worries. With prolonged stagnation, an inflammatory process develops, against which a subfebrile temperature appears - about 37.2-37.3 degrees. As well as for adults, children are required to consult and examine, pass tests and undergo the necessary examinations.
Principles of help
The main question that needs to be answered in case of gallbladder disorders is how to improve the outflow of bile. It is also necessary to find out the reason why the normal functioning of this organ failed, and how to eliminate the consequences of stagnation. Relapse prevention is also essential. Stagnation in the gallbladder requires complex treatment, which includes all the possibilities of modern medicine, including exercise therapy, time-tested folk recipes, diet.
Drugs
Drugs used in the treatment of cholestasis and similar problems associated with impaired bile circulation can be divided according to their area of work:
- choleretic drugs for stagnation of bile are used only in cases where the outflow of liver secretion is not disturbed. These are such medicines as "Allohol", "Hofitol", "Kholagol", "Odeston". They have different active ingredients, but work onincreased secretion production by the liver and activation of its circulation;
- hepatoprotectors involved in the normalization of the general condition of the liver and, as a result, improve the production of bile. In this group of drugs, substances such as ademetionine, arginine glutamate, betaine, thioctic acid and some others can work. Which drug to prescribe in each case, only a specialist can decide.
In case of violation of the flow of bile due to calculi, a change in the physical shape of the gallbladder, surgery is most often prescribed to eliminate the cause of obstruction of the bile ducts. Preoperative preparation and postoperative period also include a set of drugs that provide the most positive outcome of such treatment.
Drugs for the treatment of stagnation of bile can work on both synthetic and natural substances, the latter being both plant and animal origin. It can also be derivatives of amino acids, essential phospholipids. One such substance is ursodeoxycholic acid. It is the primary bile acid produced in the human body, and takes an active part in the processes of immunomodulation, bile formation and bile circulation, has hypocholesterolemic, hepatoprotective, cholelitholytic effects. Preparations on this substance - "Ursofalk", "Grinterol", "Ursodez" - only a doctor prescribes for use!
Herbs to help
Herbswith stagnation of bile in the gallbladder are one of the most popular areas of treatment. The most commonly used herb for bile disorders is milk thistle. In the people, it is better known under the name Maryin thistle. This plant has long been famous for its ability to dilute bile, increasing its outflow from the liver and gallbladder. The main active ingredient in milk thistle is silymarin. It protects cell membranes from damage, allowing hepatocytes to produce bile more actively, and gallbladder cells to do a better job of storing liver secretions and releasing them into the intestines on demand.
Another plant most commonly used in the treatment of bile stasis is the artichoke. It also promotes the active passage of bile through the biliary tract, helping even pregnant women cope with cholestasis.
How to treat bile stasis with the above plants? It turns out that they are all used in pharmaceutical preparations developed by the pharmaceutical industry to eliminate this problem. Milk thistle works in medicines such as Karsil, Silimar, Legalon, Silymarin.
Artichoke is used as a component of dietary supplements produced by various companies to help the liver and gallbladder, both as an adjunct to treatment and as a preventive measure. The most popular pharmacy product containing artichoke extract is Hofitol.
For many it will be a discovery, but rose hips, in addition towhat saturates the body with vitamins, also has choleretic properties. Therefore, its decoction is useful for stagnation of bile for both children and adults.
Also popular for gallbladder and cookie he alth are pumpkin seeds. They are sold in pharmacies, or you can prepare them yourself by taking them out of a mature pumpkin. They are the basis of the popular pharmacy products "Ovesol" and "Tykveol".
Cholagogue drugs for stagnation of bile should be taken only after examination, when there is confidence that stones, polyps, tumors do not interfere with the flow of bile. It is strictly forbidden to use the so-called tubage without examination and expert advice!
Healing diet
Diet plays a special role in the fight against many he alth problems. So a diet for stagnation of bile in the gallbladder is a necessary component of successful therapy. This type of therapeutic nutrition was developed by specialists - doctors and nutritionists, and has an official name - table number 5. It is based on several important principles that must be observed when preparing each dish:
- liquid - 1.5-2.0 liters per day;
- fractional nutrition - small portions 5-6 times a day;
- vegetable oils, the daily portion of which is calculated based on the calculation of human body weight - from 1.0 to 1.2 grams per kilogram;
- animal oils should be no more by weight than vegetable oils;
- Lipotropic foods are always present - lean meat,fish, egg white, cottage cheese;
- vegetables and fruits, with the exception of those in which there are a large amount of acids, in addition, the fiber contained in such products contributes to normal intestinal motility;
- a feature is the restriction of extractives and products containing a large amount of cholesterol and easily digestible carbohydrates - whole milk, spices, animal fats, sugar, jam, sweets;
- Daily intake of s alt should not exceed 8 grams.
All products of the dietary table for bile stasis should be steamed, baked or boiled. Fried, smoked, pickled dishes are not allowed. Food during stagnation in the gallbladder should be complete, contain the maximum possible amount of minerals and vitamins. If they are deficient, you should consult with your doctor about taking vitamin-mineral complexes.
Without physical education - nowhere
"Movement is life" - this slogan is also relevant for those who suffer from disorders of the gallbladder, ducts or liver. Exercises for stagnation in the gallbladder help to normalize the motility of the liver-gall bladder system. A set of exercises should be prescribed by a physiotherapy teacher in accordance with the established diagnosis. But the main complex of physical activity contains the following exercises:
- walking in place for 2-3 minutes;
- breathing exercise aimed at activating the abdominal muscles - inhale, drawing in the stomach - holdbreath - exhale, sticking out your stomach (repeat 7-10 times);
- main stance - legs apart shoulder-width apart, feet straight, arms down;
- forward bends: raise your hands up, stretching as high as possible, lower your hands, tilting the body as low as possible;
- rising on tiptoes, raise your hands up through the sides, turning your palms up too, then, standing on a full foot, lower your hands, turning your palms down;
- put hands on the belt, tilt the body forward, then return to the starting position and lean back;
- putting hands on the belt, doing shallow squats;
- perform rotation of the body, maintaining the maximum amplitude of the slopes;
- bend forward and down, trying to reach the opposite foot with the palm of the hand;
- rotation of the body to the right and left, placing hands on the belt, with the maximum possible amplitude of rotation;
- the treatment complex ends with an exercise familiar from childhood - stretch, raising your hands up, smoothly lower your hands down.
Each exercise should be performed at least 5-7 times. If possible, such exercises aimed at working the abdominal muscles, and therefore activating the work of internal organs, can be performed lying down - raising and lowering the legs, turning the legs and body, tilting, swinging the legs.
It should be remembered that all physical therapy exercises for a disease such as congestion in the gallbladder should be recommended by a specialist only after examinations and a diagnosis, in whichexacerbations of the disease due to increased physical activity are excluded.
Disturbances in the work of internal organs, including the activity of the gallbladder, lead not only to painful sensations, but also to a violation of the usual rhythm of human life. Therefore, stagnation of the gallbladder is best prevented than wasting time and effort on examinations, and then on treatment.
