Every day, people who have been injured at home, at work or on the street turn to emergency rooms. Many of them are diagnosed with "dislocation", the signs of which are obvious to the traumatologist. But patients don't have a medical background and don't understand what that means. To avoid unnecessary worries and misunderstandings between the doctor and the patient, let's try to explain what is meant by this sonorous term.
How does a joint work?
Some of the bones in our skeleton are movably connected. This enables the person to walk, bend over, lift and bend the limbs. The bones in these joints are separated by the articular cavity, in which the articular (synovial) fluid is present. Outside, the junction is covered with a strong shell, which is called the articular bag. With internal fluid and a strong fibrous outer fabric, these surfaces can glide smoothly without leaving the bag.
What do doctors call a dislocation?
If an injury occurs, the integrity of the articular capsule may be broken, and the surfaces themselves may shift in relation to the circle to the other. This is a dislocation, the signs of which will be described in more detail below. That is, when a doctor makes a similar diagnosis, he means that the bone has left the joint cavity, damaging the tissuesbags or bundles.
Types of dislocations
Medicine distinguishes between several types of dislocations:
- traumatic;
- congenital;
- pathological;
- familiar.
Each species has its own characteristics and features. So, for example, for congenital dislocation of the hip, a displacement of the head of the bone is characteristic, but the articular bag is not broken. But if such a congenital pathology is not treated, then the bag is stretched, which causes additional difficulties when moving.
But the signs of a dislocation of the joint, called pathological, are damage to the articular surface caused by the pathological process. In particular, tuberculosis, syphilis or hematogenous inflammation in childhood.
A habitual dislocation is considered special. Signs - frequent repetitions of articular displacement associated with efforts and loads. They happen to athletes, and people engaged in hard physical labor, although they also happen to ordinary people. Most often, habitual dislocations of the shoulder, wrist and elbow joints are observed.
Main localization
Usually, traumatologists are treated with dislocations after falls on the street and domestic injuries. More often than others, such injuries of the wrist joint, interphalangeal joints of the fingers and toes, elbow and hip joints are diagnosed. There are also quite a few cases of dislocation of the articulation of the lower jaw.
Key Features
So we got to the most important. Next, the first signs of dislocation should be described. After an injury, a person feelspain, the limb takes an uncharacteristic position, and the joint itself looks unnatural, its shape changes. Movement at the site of a damaged joint becomes difficult or impossible.
Signs of dislocation can be visually noticeable, and it seems to a person that the bone is easy to put in place. But this is a mistake. The injured limb springs and returns to an atypical position. These manipulations are accompanied by severe pain and can cause pain shock.
Giving help
Once there are clear signs of dislocation, you can try to provide first aid to the victim before the arrival of an ambulance at the scene or before taking him to the emergency room. Remember, if you do not have a medical education, you cannot set the damaged joint on your own! The fact is that inept actions can injure the joint more. Give the victim an anesthetic, such as analgin. Place a cold compress or ice on the injured joint. Fix the limb in the state that it took after the injury. Hang your hand on a scarf or bandages around your neck. But fix the leg with a long stick or board so that it is immobilized. If there is no suitable splint, then bandage the affected leg to the he althy one. The victim can now be transported to the hospital.
Not like other types of jaw dislocation. Signs are jaw protrusion, increased salivation, discomfort and pain. Unilateral dislocation of the mandible displaces it to the sidehe althy joint. At the same time, the mouth does not close, and the pain is localized in the ear area. If there are signs of this damage, then tie up the jaw with a wide scarf or scarf, fix the ends of which on the back of the head. If it is possible to apply a bandage from a bandage, then it should be sling-shaped. The wide part covers the chin, and the ends are tied at the back of the head.
What does a doctor do?
The victim should be taken to the doctor as soon as possible. The earlier the dislocation is set, the less consequences the injury has. Treatment begins with anesthesia of the damaged joint. Then the doctor gently, without sudden movements, sets the bone into the joint bag. At the same time, a characteristic click is heard, and partial mobility is restored. The appearance of the joint again becomes typical. But this is not the end of the treatment, but only the beginning. Next, the doctor must immobilize the joint so that the damaged areas inside the bag are restored. To do this, the limb is plastered in the correct condition.
You can't rush to remove the cast. An untreated joint injury can turn into a habitual dislocation, and this will significantly complicate life.
Having de alt with the concepts: dislocation, signs, first aid for it, you will not feel helpless in case of injury. From the article it became known what can be done and what cannot be done if a dislocation is obtained. The question of how to provide first aid in case of dislocation, if you had to become an accidental witness to an injury, was also considered.
