Blood is a biological fluid that consists of plasma and formed elements. It is a connective tissue that circulates through the vascular system with the help of rhythmic contractions of the heart muscle. Blood volume depends on age and gender. There are a number of pathologies that lead to a change in the composition of the biological fluid. One of the innovative methods of restoring physiological parameters is extracorporeal hemocorrection.
What is the procedure?
The essence of the method is based on a complex of modern methods of blood purification not in the human body, but outside it. Roughly speaking, blood is taken from a patient, purified from excess pathological microorganisms, cholesterol, metabolic products, toxins, antigens and antibodies, and then returned toorganism.
Extracorporeal hemocorrection of blood allows you to change the following indicators:
- cellular composition;
- electrolyte ratio;
- number of protein structures;
- enzymatic composition;
- immune indicators.
Extracorporeal hemocorrection is carried out by transferring biological fluid with all its formed elements or only plasma through special circulatory circuits of the membrane, centrifuge, sorption type.
History of the procedure and stages of development
Extracorporeal blood correction, the price of which depends on the method used, has found its origin in the most common bloodletting. Previously, this method was considered help in the following endeavors:
- dizziness relief;
- headache elimination;
- removal of poisons and other toxic substances;
- eliminate the action of infectious agents;
- pressure reduction;
- treatment of symptoms of fever.
There was a rational grain in this method: the doctor reduced the volume of circulating blood, which caused a decrease in pressure and a decrease in the concentration of pathological agents. But in parallel, there was a decrease in the number of formed elements and proteins, which negatively affected the patient's condition, aggravating the process of therapy.
The first attempts to "launder" blood and plasma elements with their return appeared at the beginning of the 20th century, but they became successful only from the 50s. First blood separatorcell, working offline, was patented in the late 60s in the United States. From that moment, an active phase of innovation in the field of hemocorrection began.
Features and risks of the method
Extracorporeal hemocorrection is based on the distillation of the patient's blood through a special apparatus, which includes microfilters. Further, the biological fluid is saturated with elements, the level of which is insufficient, but the body needs them for proper functioning. The connective tissue is returned back to the patient's bloodstream.
Any manipulation of body fluids is associated with certain risks. For extracorporeal hemocorrection procedure they are as follows:
- possible infection with infectious diseases (hepatitis, syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus);
- allergic reactions to the ingestion of foreign proteins or formed elements, which is manifested by itching of the skin, lowering blood pressure, muscle pain, chills, rash like urticaria;
- thromboembolism of the main arteries;
- hemorrhagic syndrome - increased bleeding of mucous membranes against the background of changes in the links of hemostasis;
- air embolism occurs when air enters the system of the device, and then into the patient's circulatory system.
Indications for the procedure
Extracorporeal hemocorrection, reviews of which indicate the effectiveness and efficiency of the method, has the following indications in variousareas:
- Cardiology: ischemic heart disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis.
- Rheumatology: antiphospholipid syndrome, vasculitis, arthritis, scleroderma, periarthritis nodosa, dermatomyositis.
- Toxicology: intoxication of any origin, alcoholism, drug addiction, radionuclide and radiation exposure.
- Gynecology: preeclampsia, Rhesus conflict, urogenital infections.
- Endocrinology: diabetes mellitus, thyroid pathology.
- Neurology: multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, Parkinson's disease.
- Dermatology: psoriasis, eczema, neurodermatitis.
- Pulmonology: bronchial asthma, pneumonia, lung abscess.
- Gastroenterology: dysbacteriosis, liver pathology.
- Urology: glomerulonephritis, chronic renal failure.
Overview of methods used
All methods of extracorporeal hemocorrection have their own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, as, indeed, any medical manipulation.
Lymphocytapheresis is a manipulation that consists in extracting cytotoxic lymphocytes from the blood, carrying out photopheresis and activating them with interleukin cytokines. The price of the service is high - from 28 thousand rubles.
Plasmapheresis is a method of extracorporeal hemocorrection, the price of which varies from 3 to 12 thousand rubles. Its peculiarity lies in the collection of blood from the patient, its division into formed elements and plasma. Formed elements return unchanged, and autoantibodies, inflammatory mediators, toxins and metabolic products are eliminated from the plasma.
Hemosorption is a method of blood purification using sorbents. These substances absorb toxins and poisons. Activated carbon or ion-exchange resins can be used as sorbents. The method is used under the following conditions:
- medication poisoning (barbiturates, Elenium, Noxiron);
- intoxication with chemical production poisons;
- liver damage;
- systemic diseases and dermatological pathologies (systemic lupus, psoriasis).
The price of the procedure is from 4 to 12 thousand rubles.
Photopheresis is a method based on the action of ultraviolet long rays on blood components before reinfusion. The average price of the service is 35 thousand rubles.
Immunosorption is the removal of antibodies or antigens from the blood when it is passed through the immunosorbent. The concentration of formed elements and plasma parameters remains unchanged. Used for kidney diseases, allergies of various origins, autoimmune pathologies. This method is widely known in foreign clinics and hemocorrection centers.
Cryoapheresis - extracorporeal hemocorrection, the price of which varies from 6 to 14 thousand rubles. The course of manipulation is similar to plasmapheresis. Cryoprecipitate is removed from the cooled and centrifuged plasma, which may contain a certain amount of viruses, immunoglobulins, bacteria, fungi.
Cascade filtration is a method based on passing blood plasma through membrane filters. going onpurification of biological fluid from bacteria, viruses, fats, fibrinogen, immunoglobulins. As a result, the purified plasma is returned to the owner. The price of the procedure is up to 55 thousand rubles.
Contraindications
Extracorporeal hemocorrection has a number of contraindications. The absolute ones include the presence of bleeding at the moment or in the history of the last few weeks, the presence of a focus of purulent infection in the body, allergic reactions to those components that are used during the procedure.
Relative contraindications:
- decompensated heart and vascular diseases;
- low blood pressure;
- moderate and severe anemia;
- hypoproteinemia;
- exacerbation of inflammatory processes in the venous system;
- drunk state;
- infectious diseases in the acute stage;
- mental disorders;
- menstruation;
- early pregnancy.
Patient preparation
It is mandatory to determine the indicators of general clinical tests, blood clotting, the presence of infectious diseases (HIV infection, syphilis, hepatitis).
The patient reads and signs an agreement for the procedure. The patient does not need any other special preparation. If it is necessary to take laboratory material for diagnostic purposes, before the manipulation itself, it is necessary to abandon the morning reception.food.
Procedure progress
The Center for Extracorporeal Hemocorrection is a medical and diagnostic institution, whose specialists are engaged not only in the purification of blood and its components, but also in the following activities:
- carry out laboratory and instrumental diagnostics of diseases;
- use all sorts of therapies, including T-cell vaccination;
- have day and 24-hour hospitals;
- develop comprehensive treatment programs.
It is in such specialized institutions that blood purification procedures are carried out. The patient is injected with a needle into a vein. During the manipulation, the patient can watch TV, listen to the radio, read a book or magazine, talk on the phone. Creates an atmosphere of calm and relaxation.
After the manipulation, the hand is bandaged so that a hematoma does not form at the puncture site, the patient remains under observation for 1-2 hours. Then he can leave the clinic. The duration of the procedure and the required amount are determined by the attending specialist, monitoring laboratory parameters in dynamics.
Reviews
According to the reviews, this procedure is very difficult, but the result is worth it. Pain in the joints with arthritis. People with inflammatory bowel disease also report positive results.
Conclusion
Blood cleansing methods use innovative modern technologies, but due to the high cost of some procedures, they are not widely used. In countriesabroad, hemocorrection is a more common and widely known manipulation that allows you to restore he alth and maintain a high level of its indicators.
