Bacterial diseases are always treated with antibiotics. Despite the fact that the drugs of this pharmacological group affect the pathogenic microflora, they also harm the beneficial microbes of our body, but there is no other, safer and more effective method of therapy yet. Antibiotics are also used for tonsillitis (tonsillitis), an infectious disease that affects the palatine tonsils.
Almost always the causative agent of this disease, which occurs in children and adults, is streptococcus. In some cases, angina develops a second time against the background of diphtheria, scarlet fever, or malignant blood diseases. It is impossible to delay the treatment of this disease - at the first symptoms, you must definitely visit a doctor who will select effective medicines.
Are antibiotics really necessary?
If tonsillitis is viral in nature and proceeds favorably, there is no need to takeantibiotics. Angina without fever and complications will pass in 1-1.5 weeks. In this case, it is more advisable to give the patient plenty of fluids and symptomatic remedies to relieve sore throat.
Angina of the bacterial form is always difficult. The timeliness of the treatment started plays a crucial role here, since this is the only way to alleviate the patient's condition and prevent the development of complications. Antibiotics for angina can be used not only systemically, but also locally. It is important to understand that exclusively local antibacterial treatment will only exacerbate the problem. In addition, all topical antibiotics have a low concentration of the active substance, and therefore pathogenic microflora quickly develops immunity to them.
To all questions about whether antibiotics are needed for angina of bacterial etiology, there is an unequivocal answer: there is no alternative in treatment. By refusing to use antibacterial drugs, the patient lets the disease take its course, which risks getting serious complications and worsening the state of he alth. Antibiotics for angina are required.
Duration of antibiotic therapy
How much to drink antibiotics for angina depends on the type of active substance, the form and nature of the disease, as well as the presence or absence of complications. So, for example, with purulent tonsillitis, drugs are taken within 1-2 weeks. The optimal course of antibiotic treatment lasts about 10 days. It does not really matter from what day after the onset of symptomsangina was treated.
Among modern antibacterial drugs, Sumamed is an exception - this remedy should not be taken for more than five days. In other cases, antibiotics for angina are drunk for a week, no less, since not all pathogens die with shorter courses. As a result, strains resistant to the action of the antibacterial component are formed from the surviving bacteria, and sore throat, which is difficult to treat, will occur in the patient more and more often. To overcome the activity of the changed bacteria, it will be necessary to use potent antibiotics with dangerous toxicity.
What antibiotics to drink with angina would not be prescribed by a doctor, they should not be taken for more than two weeks. If during this time antibiotic therapy has not produced the expected effect, most likely, this drug is ineffective and needs to be changed. In this situation, the patient needs to be tested for bacteriological culture of discharge from the throat. Laboratory research will determine the sensitivity of the pathogen to a specific group of antibiotics.
Main groups of antibiotics, list of drugs
With angina caused by streptococcal or staphylococcal infection, penicillin medications are most effective. These funds are prescribed in 90-95% of cases. In addition to penicillins, other groups of antibiotics are also considered detrimental to beta-hemolytic bacteria:
- cephalosporins;
- macrolides;
- fluoroquinolones;
- tetracyclines.
In the absence of an allergy to penicillins, drugs of this series are prescribed first of all. And only if they turn out to be ineffective, they switch to antibacterial drugs of other groups.
In some situations, when the course of a sore throat is accompanied by persistent fever, severe swelling of the throat and severe symptoms of intoxication of the body, the use of penicillin antibiotics is bypassed and the patient is immediately prescribed cephalosporins. If the patient has an individual intolerance to drugs of the penicillin and cephalosporin group, macrolides or tetracyclines are used to treat angina. By the way, the first type of antibacterial agents is more effective, and experts try to avoid the use of tetracyclines whenever possible. The group of tetracycline antibiotics in the treatment of angina is used extremely rarely due to the high toxicity of the components. With advanced and complicated angina, antibiotics are selected from a number of fluoroquinolones.
| Penicillins | Cephalosporins | Macrolides | Fluoroquinolones |
|
Based on Amoxicillin: Amoxicillin. Flemoxin Solutab. Hikoncil. Gramox-D. Ospamox. Amosin. Ecoball. |
Based on Cefazolin: Nacef. Orizolin. Intrazoline. Totatsef. Cesolin. Cefamesin. Orpin. |
Erythromycin based: Eomycin. Erythromycin. |
Based on Norfloxacin: Nolicin. Lokson-400. Norilet. Norfloxacin. "Normax". Norbactin. Norfacin. |
|
Based on amoxicillin and clavulanic acid: Verklav. Amoxivan. "Amoxiclav". Augmentin. Klamosar. Bactoclav. Amovicomb. Flemoklav Solutab. Ecoclave. Arlette. |
Ceftriaxone based: "Azaran". Betasporin. “Ificef.” Lendacin.” "Lorakson". Medaxon.” Oframax. Rocefin. "Thorocef". Chizon. "Ceftriabol". Cefatrin. Ceftriaxone. |
Based on Clarithromycin: Arvicin. Zimbaktar. Kispar. Clubux. Clarexide. Clarithromycin. Claricite. Klacid. Lecoclair. Romiclar. Fromilid. Ecositrine. |
Based on Levofloxacin: Ashlev. "Glevo". Levolet R. Levofloks. Levofloxacin. Leobag. Leflobact. Maklevo. Remedia. Signicef. Tavanik. Floracid. Elefloks. |
|
Ampicillin based: "Ampicillin". Standacillin. |
Based on ceftazidime: Cefzid. "Bestum". Fortum. "Lorazidim". Ceftazidime. |
Based on Azithromycin: Azimycin. Azitrox. "Azithromycin". Azicide. Zetamax. Zitrolide. "Sumamed". Sumametcin. Sumamox. "Solutab". Hemomycin. Ecomed. |
Ciprofloxacin based: Basijen. "Ifitsipro". "Tseprova". Ciplox. Cyprex. Ciprinol. Ciprodox. "Tsiprolet". Ciprofloxacin. Cifracid. "Ekotsifol". |
|
Oxacillin based: Oxacillin. |
Cefalexin based: "Cephalexin". Ecocephron. |
Based on Spiramycin: Rovamycin. Spiramisar. Spiramycin-Vero. |
Based on lomefloxacin: Lofox. Lomatsin. Lomefloxacin. Xenaquin. Lomfloks. |
|
Based on ampicillin and oxacillin: Oksamsar. Ampioks. Oxamp. Oxampicin. |
Based on Cefotaxime: Intrataxim. Kefoteks. "Klaforan". Oritaxim. "Rezibelakta". "Tarcefoxime". Cefabol. Cefotaxime. |
Based on Josamycin: Wilprafen. "Vilprafen Solutab". |
Based on ofloxacin: Zanocin. Tarivid. Zoflox. Oflo. Ofloks. Ashof. Geoflox. Ofloxabol. Ofloxacin. Oflomak. "Taricin". |
|
Based on benzylpenicillin: Bicillin-1. Bicillin-3. Bicillin-5. |
Based on cefoperazone: "Dardum". Medocef. Movoperiz. Operaz. "Tseperon". Cefoperazone. Cefpar. |
Based on roxithromycin: Xitrocin. Remora. Roxeptine. Elrox. Esparoxy. RoxyHexal. Roxithromycin. Rulid. |
Based on pefloxacin: "Pefloxacin". |
Next, let's get acquainted with the drugs that are prescribed for angina in adults. The names of antibiotics and analogues available in the trade assortment of Russian pharmacies may differ.
Pills or injections - which is better?
Mostly, antibacterial drugs are taken orally in the form of tablets, but sometimes they are given in the form of injections. Antibiotics for angina act faster if they enter the systemic circulation immediately. Through regular injections, the concentrationactive substances in the body does not decrease, which cannot be said about tablets: they are absorbed into the blood through the intestines for a long time.
And yet, doctors try to rarely prescribe injections for angina, since injecting the drug can have a number of side effects and is painfully tolerated by patients. As a rule, parenteral preparations are administered with purulent bacterial tonsillitis, accompanied by the following symptoms:
- high body temperature (at least 38.5°C) that does not decrease after taking antipyretics;
- tonsils and mucous membrane of the larynx are lined with a dense purulent coating;
- tonsillitis developed against the background of sinusitis;
- significantly enlarged cervical and behind-the-ear lymph nodes.
Antibiotics for pregnant women
Tonsillitis during pregnancy can cause serious damage to the he alth of the child. That is why infectious diseases in the mother require a serious approach to treatment. Incorrectly selected medicine can adversely affect the intrauterine development of the child. It is especially not recommended to use antibiotics in the first trimester of pregnancy.
However, it is important to understand that in severe cases of tonsillitis, it is not just an antibiotic, but its absence that can aggravate the mother's condition and harm the fetus. In case of urgent need, pregnant women are allowed penicillin preparations (Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, Oksamp). They are used in both tablet and injectable form. If penicillins do not do their jobtherapeutic action, prescribe more effective antibiotics. With angina, pregnant women are prescribed cephalosporins (Ceftriaxone, Cefazolin). It is important to take into account the ability of these drugs to cross the placenta.
Features of antibiotic therapy for angina in children
Experts insist that you should not rush to use antibacterial agents to treat a sore throat in a child. Which antibiotic is best? This question will be of great relevance for purulent sore throat - without these medicines, the disease cannot be overcome. As for viral sore throat, then, as noted earlier, you need to start taking medication only if there are signs of complications, damage to the respiratory system and ENT organs.
In children aged three to 15 years, the need to use antibiotics for tonsillitis is associated, rather, not with the treatment of tonsillitis itself, but with the prevention of possible complications. In young patients, bacterial tonsillitis without quality treatment very often turns into a severe form, in which the joints, heart and nervous system become infected. Thanks to antibiotics, it is possible to reduce the likelihood of such a scenario by 99%. In this case, the moment of initiation of treatment is important. Effective prevention of complications will be if you start giving medication to the child no later than from the second to the ninth day of the course of tonsillitis, inclusive.
Which antibiotic is better for a child with sore throat
Fluoroquinolones are the only group whose drugs are notused in childhood. Most antibiotics are recommended for use from 12 years of age. But still, a number of medicines are produced that can be given to babies at an earlier age. The most popular and effective antibiotics for angina that can be given to children from a certain age are presented in the table. However, only the attending physician can prescribe one of these drugs and determine the appropriate dosage.
| Antibiotic group | Trade names | At what age can you take |
| Penicillins (based on amoxicillin) | Ospamox, Amoxicillin, Flemoxin Solutab, Amosin, Hikoncil, Gramox-D | from the early days |
| Penicillins (based on amoxicillin and clavulanic acid) | "Flemoclav Solutab", "Amovikomb", "Augmentin", "Verklav", "Amoxiclav", "Fibell", "Ecoclave" | from birth or after three months |
| Penicillins (based on ampicillin) | "Ampicillin", Ampioks |
from the second month from three years old |
| Penicillins (based on ampicillin and oxacillin) | Oxamp, Oxampicin, Oxamsar | from birth |
| Penicillins (based on benzylpenicillin) | "Benzylpenicillin", "Bicillin" | from birth |
| Penicillins (based on oxacillin) | Oxacillin, Ospen |
from three months from one year |
| Cephalosporins (based on cefazolin) | Nacef, Totacef, Cesolin, Zolin, Intrazolin, Lisolin, Cefamezin, Orizolin, Orpin | from the second month |
| Cephalosporins (cephalexin based) | "Cephalexin", "Ecocephron" | from six months |
| Cephalosporins (based on ceftriaxone) | "Ceftriabol", "Ceftriaxone", "Azaran", "Betasporin", "Ificef", "Lendatsin", "Chizon", "Medakson", "Movigip", "Oframax", "Tercef", " Cefaxon", "Cefson" | from birth or 15th day of life (for preterm babies) |
| Cephalosporins (based on ceftazidime) | Ceftazidime, Vicef, Orzid, Lorazidim, Tizim, Fortazim, Bestum, Fortum, Fortoferin, Ceftidine | from the early days |
| Cephalosporins (based on cefoperazone) | Dardum, Cefoperazone, Cefpar, Medocef, Cefoperabol, Movoperiz, Operaz, Tseperon | from the eighth day |
| Cephalosporins (based on cefotaxime) | Intrataxim, Kefotex, Liforan, Oritaxim, Tarcefoxime, Cetax, Cefotaxime | from birth |
| Macrolides (based on erythromycin) | "Eomycin", "Erythromycin" | from birth |
| Macrolides (based on azithromycin) |
"Sumamed", "AzitRus" in ampoules for injections "Zitrocin", "Hemomycin", "Ekkomed", "Sumamed" in the form of a suspension |
weighing over 10 kg from six months |
| Macrolides (based on spiromycin) | Spiramisar, Spiramycin-Vero | weighing over 20 kg |
| Macrolides (based on roxithromycin) | Romik, Xitrocin, Elrox, Esparoxy, Remora, Roxithromycin, Rulid, Rulicin, Roxolit | from the age of four |
What antibiotics to drink with angina in one case or another, only experts decide. First of all, the results of bacteriological culture of discharge from the throat are taken into account, that is, the sensitivity of pathogenic microflora to an antibacterial substance, and the individual susceptibility of the body. Penicillin preparations are combined with caution with other drugs, and it is unacceptable to take them simultaneously with cephalosporins, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones or macrolides. Let's move on to a brief description of the most powerful antibiotics for angina, which are prescribed for both adults and children.
Amoxicillin
This penicillin drug is often used forbacterial infections of the nasopharynx and ENT organs, including tonsillitis. "Amoxicillin" is effective against a wide range of bacteria that provoke angina. The undoubted advantage of this drug is a minimum of restrictions on use and side effects, so it is often prescribed as the main antibiotic for angina. "Amoxicillin" is available in the form of tablets, capsules, ampoules for injection and suspension for oral administration in childhood. If you are allergic to penicillins, use the medicine is prohibited.
Sumamed
An antibacterial agent from the group of macrolides based on azithromycin is classified as a new generation of drugs. The product is available in various forms. An antibiotic suspension for angina is often prescribed to children - they take syrup once a day, and this is quite convenient. As for injections, children under 16 years of age are not injected with the drug.
Despite the wide range of action and effectiveness, "Sumamed" has many contraindications. Patients taking it sometimes complain of nausea, abdominal cramps, diarrhea. The course of treatment with "Sumamed" should not exceed five days. Take the medicine either on an empty stomach, a couple of hours before a meal, or 2-3 hours after a meal. Together with Sumamed, patients are recommended to take probiotics to restore intestinal microflora.
Amoxiclav
The uniqueness of this antibacterial agent is due to the simultaneous action of twoactive substances - amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. According to reviews, in the treatment of tonsillitis, relief quickly comes after taking this antibiotic. Sore throat tablets effectively relieve sore throat and improve overall well-being. "Amoxiclav" in the form of a suspension is often prescribed to infants over 3 months of age.
Cephalexin
Medicines from the cephalosporin group are convenient in that they are allowed to be taken without reference to meals. For adult patients, the daily dose should not exceed 2 g of the active substance. As a rule, this amount is divided into several doses. With a complicated course of tonsillitis, the dosage is doubled.
For the treatment of a child, the dosage of Cefalexin is calculated depending on its weight according to the formula 25-50 mg per kilogram of body weight. Children, if necessary, the daily dose can be increased to 100 mg. With caution, "Cefalexin" is prescribed for kidney diseases. The average duration of application is 7-14 days.
Treatment of tonsillitis should not be started with fluoroquinolones or cephalosporins, as these antibiotics are classified as the strongest drugs. They are quickly addictive, which means that in the future it will be difficult to find a suitable remedy for the treatment of severe sore throat.
For a speedy recovery, in addition to the use of antibiotics, it is important to observe bed rest, gargle with antiseptic solutions several times a day and drink plentyliquid, which will help to quickly remove toxins from the body. And, of course, in no case should you self-medicate: at the first symptoms of tonsillitis, you need to see a doctor. Remember: uncontrolled use of antibiotics is fraught with dangerous he alth consequences.
