The basis of women's he alth is a regular monthly cycle. There are times when it crashes. The reasons for this phenomenon are varied. We will consider them further. Although it is best to immediately contact a qualified gynecologist if there are problems with the cycle. After all, self-medication can only harm your he alth.
Cycle
What is the monthly cycle? This is the period of time from the onset of menstruation to the next. The process of release of an egg ready for fertilization into the fallopian tube is called ovulation. It divides the monthly cycle into the follicular and luteal phases. And what is it? The follicular phase is the period when the follicle matures. By luteal is meant the period of time from ovulation to the onset of menstruation.
For those girls whose cycle lasts 28 days, ovulation usually occurs on the fourteenth day from the start. After her, the level of estrogen drops in a woman. But during this period, bleeding does not yet occur. Since the production of hormones is controlled by the corpus luteum. Strong fluctuations in estrogen in any direction during the period of ovulation can cause uterine bleeding between periods, before or after them.
Cycle calculation
Normal cycle length is 21-37 days. As a rule, atmost girls - 28 days. The duration of the menstruation itself is approximately three to seven days. If you have had a two-day or three-day failure of menstruation, treatment is not required here. Since such a phenomenon is not a pathology. But if menstruation has not come even seven days after the required period, then you need to consult a doctor for a consultation.
How to calculate the cycle? The period of time between the first day of menstruation and the first day of the next is the length of the cycle. In order not to make mistakes in the calculations, it is better to use a calendar on which to mark the beginning and end of menstruation.
Failure symptoms
Let's now look at the signs of a missed period:
- lack of menstruation;
- shortening the cycle (less than twenty days);
- increased time between periods;
- appearance of spotting;
- heavy or, conversely, meager periods.
Another symptom of failure is the duration of menstruation for more than seven days or less than three.
Adolescence and weight issues
Why is my period late or cycle failure? There can be many reasons. During adolescence, cycle failure often occurs. This problem is quite common among girls. Since their hormonal background is just beginning to be established. If more than two years have passed since the first menstruation, and the failures continue, then you should definitely go to the gynecologist.
Another reason for the failure of menstruation- this is a strong weight loss (or, conversely, obesity). Starvation and extreme dieting are perceived by the body as hard times. Therefore, it includes natural protection, resulting in a delay in menstruation. Rapid weight gain also has a negative effect on the body. As a result, the cycle may be broken.
Acclimatization
What other known reason for the failure of menstruation? Acclimatization. The reason for the failure is air travel, moving to another time zone. Stress for the body is a sharp change in climate. Usually the cycle is restored after the body gets used to the new living conditions.
Hormonal disruption
Delayed menstruation (symptoms of this phenomenon are known to every girl) is one of the main signs of problems with the hormonal background. This can be caused by problems in the pituitary gland, as well as the hypothalamus. In this case, you should contact an endocrinologist, he will conduct an examination, prescribe the necessary examinations, based on the results of which he will make a diagnosis.
Stress
A common cause of menstruation failure is stress. It often breaks the cycle. During stress, it produces an excessive amount of prolactin. An excess of it inhibits ovulation, resulting in a delay. In this case, doctors recommend getting enough sleep, spending more time outdoors. A gynecologist may prescribe a sedative drug if menstruation fails due to stress. It can be like valerian, and Cyclodinone tablets and others.
Diseases and hormonal contraceptives
Diseases of the female organs alsolead to the fact that there is a failure of menstruation. Often the cause of this is the pathology of the cervix, inflammation of the uterus itself or the appendages. Another reason for the failure of menstruation is cysts and polyps. All such problems are treated with surgery.
The use of hormonal contraceptives or the rejection of them lead to a failure of the monthly cycle. In this matter, it is worth consulting a doctor. You may need to take a break from oral contraceptives.
Pregnancy, lactation
Failure of menstruation after childbirth is also quite common. A similar problem after the appearance of the baby and during the period of breastfeeding is the norm. When lactation stops, the cycle should be restored.
If severe pain appears, consult a doctor immediately. Since the cause of this phenomenon can be an ectopic pregnancy. If it is not determined in time, then it can lead to death due to pain shock and large blood loss when the fallopian tubes rupture.
Premenopausal and abortion
Failed periods after 40 are not uncommon. A similar phenomenon may be a harbinger of menopause.
Abortions, regardless of whether they are spontaneous or forced, have a bad effect on the condition of the uterus, causing a delay in menstruation. Sometimes they even cause infertility.
Other reasons
Why is there a delay in menstruation? Also, the cause of this phenomenon can be diseases of the adrenal glands, thyroid gland or infectious diseases. In addition, the cycle failsbad habits (drug use, alcohol, smoking), medication, vitamin deficiency and vaginal injury.
When to see a doctor?
In no case should you postpone a visit to a specialist if:
- two years have passed since the beginning of menstruation, and the cycle has not yet been established;
- have pain during ovulation. This symptom most likely indicates a ruptured ovary;
- there is a copious discharge of blood. Normally, a girl loses no more than 250 ml of blood during the period of menstruation. If more, then this is already a sign of hormonal imbalance. He needs to be treated with drug therapy;
- there are regular violations of the cycle (its duration is less than three days or, conversely, exceeds seven days);
- there is spotting before and after menstruation. A similar symptom indicates endometriosis.
Diagnosis
How is a patient diagnosed with a menstrual cycle disorder? First, a survey and a gynecological examination are conducted, during which all smears are taken. Also, the patient, if the diagnosis is not made, you need to undergo an ultrasound of the pelvic organs and MRI. In addition, blood is given for hormones. To clarify the diagnosis, the patient is prescribed hysteroscopy, as well as a blood and urine test.
Thanks to all the above methods, you can determine the reason why the cycle has gone astray. Once the diagnosis is made, appropriate therapy is prescribed.
Treatment
First of all treateda disease that led to the failure of the monthly cycle. As a preventive measure, doctors usually recommend to patients:
- eat right;
- eat three to four meals a week that are rich in iron and protein;
- sleep at least eight hours a night;
- quit smoking and other bad habits;
- take vitamins.
When teenage girls experience irregular cycles, doctors often use vitamin therapy. The patient is prescribed ascorbic and folic acid.
Women with anemia are given iron supplements.
If, in addition to the fact that the girl has a broken cycle, she is diagnosed with infertility, then drugs such as Pergonal and Choriogonin are prescribed to stimulate the development of follicles.
When a patient is bleeding heavily but bleeding disorders are ruled out, doctors may prescribe hemostatic drugs. ε-aminocaproic acid is also prescribed.
Even with heavy bleeding, plasma infusion is performed. Sometimes donated blood is even practiced.
The last resort for severe bleeding is surgery.
Hormonal drugs and antibiotics are also prescribed.
Failure of the monthly cycle. Possible Complications
Remember that your he alth depends only on you! Therefore, do not take lightly what is happeningviolations of the monthly cycle. Since such problems can lead to infertility. Frequent intermenstrual bleeding causes disability and fatigue.
Late detection of the pathology that caused the failure of menstruation can lead to very serious problems and death. Although this could have been avoided if he turned to the doctor in time. Treatment should be carried out under the supervision of a qualified doctor.
Small conclusion
Now you know what causes cycle failures. As you can see, there are many. They can be quite serious. Therefore, if you have problems with your menstrual cycle, contact your gynecologist immediately.
