Why is emergency room needed in medical institutions? You will learn the answer to the question posed from the materials of this article. In addition, we will tell you about the functions of such a department, what are the duties of the staff, etc.
General information
The emergency room is the most important medical and diagnostic department of the hospital. Almost all modern medical institutions have a centralized planning system. In other words, all diagnostic and treatment departments are concentrated in one building. The emergency room is usually located in the same building.
If the hospital has a decentralized (i.e. pavilion) building system, then such a department can be located in one of the medical buildings or in a separate building.
Main Functions
Admission needed for:
- reception and registration of incoming patients;
- examination and initial examination of patients;
- provision of emergency medical qualified assistance;
- filling out all medical documentation;
- transportationpatients to other medical departments.
Layout
Almost all hospital emergency departments consist of examination boxes with separate sanitary facilities, as well as a nurse's station and an on-call doctor's office.
An X-ray room and clinical, serological, biochemical, bacteriological laboratories should be located next to the emergency room.
How can they deliver?
Patients can be taken to the emergency room in one of the following ways:
- In the direction of the district doctor of the polyclinic (outpatient clinic). But this is only if home treatment has proven ineffective.
- Ambulance. In cases where a patient has an exacerbation of a chronic disease that requires highly qualified treatment in a hospital.
- Transfer from other medical institutions.
It should also be noted that the emergency room of the hospital is obliged to accept those patients who are on their own, without any referral for hospitalization.
Working principle
After the patient was taken to the hospital, or he himself arrived there, he must be examined by the doctor on duty in the emergency department. This procedure is carried out directly in the boxes. The nurse conducts thermometry, and also collects materials (according to indications) for their further bacterioscopic or bacteriological examination, electrocardiography, etc.
It should also be noted that in the viewing boxesprovide emergency medical care. But often, patients who are in extremely serious condition are admitted to the intensive care unit or intensive care unit immediately, without contacting the doctor on duty.
After examining the patient by the doctor, the nurse of the admission department draws up all the documentation in the office or right at the post. Also, her duties include measuring the patient's body temperature and performing other manipulations prescribed by the doctor. Transportation of patients to other diagnostic and treatment departments is carried out according to the admission principle immediately after all documentation is completed.
Basic medical documentation of the emergency room
Children's emergency department is no different from an adult, except for the presence of highly specialized specialists. When a patient enters a medical institution, all his data is recorded at the nurse's post.
The following documents are filled in the admission department, which are maintained and executed exclusively by a senior hospital employee:
- Register of refusals from hospitalization and admission of patients. In such a journal, the employee records the patient's first name, patronymic and surname, his home address, year of birth, position and place of work, all data of the insurance policy and passport, telephone numbers (office, home, close relatives), time and date of admission to the department, by whom and from where it was delivered, the diagnosis of the sending medical institution, the nature of hospitalization (emergency, planned, independent), the diagnosis of the admission department, and also where it was in the futurethe patient is sent. If the patient refused hospitalization, then the reason for the refusal is entered in the log.
- Medical record of an inpatient. Informally, this document is called a medical history. In the office or right at the post, the nurse fills out his passport part, draws up the title page, as well as the left half, which has the heading "Statistical card of the person who left the hospital." If pediculosis is detected in a patient, an examination log for pediculosis is also filled out. In this case, an additional “P” mark is made in the medical history.
- If a patient has an infectious disease, head lice or food poisoning, the nurse must fill out an emergency notification to the epidemiological station.
- Telephone log. In such a journal, the receptionist writes down the text of the telephone message, the time of its transmission, the date, and also who gave and received it.
- Alphabetic journal, fixing admitted patients. Such a document is required for the help desk.
Sanitary treatment of patients
After the diagnosis is made, by decision of the doctor on duty, the patient is sent for sanitary and hygienic treatment. If the patient has a serious condition, then he is taken to the intensive care unit or intensive care unit without the mentioned procedure.
Sanitary and hygienic treatment is usually carried out in the sanitary inspection room of the emergency room, where there is an examination room, a dressing room, a bath-shower room and a room where patientsdress up. It should be noted that often these rooms are combined.
In the first room, the patient is undressed, examined and prepared for further hygienic treatment. If the patient's underwear is clean, then it is put in a bag, and outerwear is handed over to the storage room. At the same time, a list of things is compiled in two copies. If the patient has money or any valuables, they are handed over to a senior employee (nurse) against a receipt for storage in a safe.
If a patient is diagnosed with an infectious disease, then the linen is placed in a bleach tank for two hours and sent to a special laundry.
So, let's look at the steps involved in sanitizing patients:
- examination of hair and skin;
- cutting nails and hair, and shaving (if needed);
- showering or taking a hygienic bath.
Distribution of patients to other departments
After making a diagnosis and collecting information about possible contacts with infected people, the arrived patient is sent to the appropriate department.
If a medical institution has a diagnostic center, then individual patients with a dubious diagnosis are detained in the emergency room for clarification. Patients who have been diagnosed with diphtheria, measles or chickenpox (or suspicion of the disease) are placed in boxes specially equipped with autonomous ventilation.
Patients in the admissions department are distributed so that new arrivalspatients were not near recovering patients or those with complications.
Types of transportation of patients to medical departments of hospitals
Transportation is the transportation or carrying of patients to the place of medical care or treatment. Which method to choose for a particular patient in order to take him from the emergency room to the desired department of the hospital is determined only by the doctor who conducts the examination.
Mobility, such as stretchers and gurneys, is generally provided with blankets and sheets. Moreover, bed linen should be changed after each use.
Ambient patients are admitted to the ward from the emergency room with the help of a junior medical officer (for example, a junior nurse, orderly or orderly).
Patients with serious complications who are unable to walk themselves are transported to the department in a wheelchair or on a stretcher.
Recruitment policy
Each medical worker of the admission department is obliged to monitor his overalls, he alth, appearance, etc. Particular attention must be paid to the hands (absence of dermatitis, etc.).
Before starting a new job, a potential employee must undergo a medical examination and submit all certificates to the Central Bank or the Central District Hospital. The emergency room (especially in infectious diseases hospitals) conducts the strictest selection of nurses and doctors. So, only persons who have reached the age of 18 are accepted for work. If they haveopen form of tuberculosis, venereal and other contagious diseases of the skin and mucous membranes, then their candidacy is immediately rejected.
During the operation of the admission department, all its employees are periodically subjected to medical examinations (at least once a year). If workers are found to be carriers of pathogenic microorganisms, then the question arises of their admission to fasting.
Newly hired employees are instructed on the rules for performing their duties, as well as labor protection. Junior medical personnel are specially trained. In such classes, employees are given a minimum of knowledge and work skills.
During the briefing, all the staff of the emergency room are explained the specific features of work in the department, the rules of the (internal) routine for patients and employees, the anti-epidemic regime, as well as personal hygiene. In addition, workers should be instructed to prevent occupational infection.
Admission to work in the emergency room without studying the specified norms is prohibited.
In the future, a repeated briefing on safety precautions and the rules of personal prevention is carried out (at least 2 times a year). Usually such training is provided by the head of the department or laboratory.
