In medicine, a number of different devices are used to establish an accurate diagnosis. These are laser equipment, ultrasound scanners, rheographs, various computer systems and others. Not the last place in this list is occupied by the X-ray diagnostic apparatus. It has a wide range of applications and helps to form an accurate picture of the course of the disease.
What is x-ray equipment
An X-ray machine is a device for emitting radioactive rays. It is divided into X-ray diagnostic and therapeutic equipment. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus is equipped with various electron-optical devices that allow you to explore the entire body or some area of it. Take not only a picture of the organ, but also make a film about the state of the whole organism. The radiotherapy device is used inradiation therapy for superficial and deep effects on the lesion.
The device of the X-ray diagnostic apparatus
X-ray diagnostic equipment consists of the following parts:
- X-ray tube, which, depending on the model, differs in parameters and power.
- Power supply.
- Step-down and step-up current transformers.
- Kenotrons-rectifiers that convert alternating current to direct current.
- A device that converts X-rays into an image.
- Protection system for staff and patients (lead-lined booths, lead aprons, screens, gloves, etc.).
- A system of tripods and other mechanisms that help examine the patient in different positions.
- Fluorescent screen.
- Control panel in the form of a table, on which there are switches and toggle switches of measuring instruments.
All constituent elements actively interact with each other, ensuring the smooth operation of the entire system.
The principle of operation of the apparatus
The X-ray diagnostic apparatus has the following mechanism of operation. X-ray radiation, passing through the study area, falls on the input part of the screen and provokes its glow. The photocathode generates electrodes, which, due to the influence of the electric field, are transferred to the output small screen. In this piece of equipment, the electrical image is converted into a light image.
Based on X-ray image brightnessthere are two aspects. This is an increase in the light flux on a small screen due to an increasing voltage in the gap between a large and small display and an electro-optical reduction of the image. As a result of this process, the screen glow is enhanced by 7000 times, and the reduction factor becomes equal to 10-14 units.
Thanks to the electro-optical magnification, it is possible to distinguish elements up to 0.5 mm in size. The brand of equipment affects the magnification diameter. The larger its size, the more expensive the device costs.
Scope of application
X-ray radiation is used both in the X-ray diagnostic field and in the therapeutic one. Its ability to suppress tumor growth is widely used in the treatment of cancer patients. In addition to medicine, X-rays are used in engineering, materials science and crystallography. Involved in chemistry and biochemistry. Use specialized X-ray diagnostic apparatus in industry. With the help of X-rays, flaws in the manufacture of products are revealed. For example, on rails, welds. This procedure is called defectoscopy. X-ray devices (X-ray television introscopes) are used at the airport and train station, as well as in crowded places, that is, where you need to check hand luggage and luggage to ensure general security.
Pros of using x-ray machines
Medical x-ray machines without a table, likeequipment equipped with a control panel have certain positive aspects of application. This information content, accessibility and simplicity. This method establishes about 60-80% of all diagnoses in such areas as gastroenterology, pulmonology, traumatology, urology and others.
The latest computer developments based on electronic and microprocessor technology, modern methods of digital image processing make the field of X-ray diagnostics more progressive. Therefore, all modern qualified specialists try to use such equipment in their work.
Disadvantages of X-ray machines
The disadvantages of X-ray machines include the low brightness and contrast of the fluorescent screen. Compensate for this moment with the help of dark adaptation of the eyes of a specialist. Here, a significant part of the small details is lost. The second significant disadvantage is the strong radiation exposure to the patient and working staff.
X-ray diagnostic devices: types
All X-ray diagnostic equipment is divided into categories. So, according to the degree of mobility, there is such a classification of X-ray diagnostic devices:
- Stationary. Here, X-ray equipment is used in a special diagnostic room (hospital).
- Mobile. Includes devices that can be moved around the hospital and transported in transport in a collapsible and non-collapsible form.
- Portable. Low power and mobile. Can be used at home or anywhere else.
Also, all this equipment is divided into general-purpose devices and specific X-ray diagnostic devices. Their types (classified depending on the functions they perform) are as follows:
- Angiographs that examine blood vessels by injecting a special substance into them.
- Dental equipment that allows you to take panoramic photos of both jaws.
- Surgical X-ray machines designed to track surgical procedures.
- Fluorographic devices. There are stationary and mobile.
- Tomographs.
- X-ray therapy equipment for the treatment of radioactive rays.
Stationary X-ray machines
The stationary x-ray machine is a complex device endowed with various electromechanical elements. There are general (multi-faceted) and specialized X-ray diagnostic devices. The first is a general x-ray diagnosis. These are transillumination, images of the lungs, bones, gastrointestinal tract, etc. The latter have a narrow focus. Used in angiography, tomography, fluorography and other areas of medicine.
Such installations are designed for two or more jobs. They have a turntable-tripod and a tripod for the procedure. A special transh alter helps expand jobs to three and four positions. At the same time, the tomograph will be located on the third, and the emitter for angiography and other diagnostics will be located on the fourth.
Mobile equipment
Mobile X-ray machines are divided into ward, field and collapsible. Wards are adapted to work within the walls of the hospital for examining patients in the ward. Field use in work in open areas. They are mounted and moved on special vehicles (cars, ships, railway cars). Equipped with self-contained power supply, equipment deployment room and own laboratory.
The following requirements apply to field X-ray units:
- boxes for equipment must be airtight and protect the device from dust and moisture;
- all parts during assembly must be well fixed for movement on field roads, railway and sea;
- temperature fluctuations in the range of -40 … +40 °С should not affect the quality of the device, storage and transportation conditions;
- assembly and dismantling of equipment is done within thirty minutes without the use of special tools.
In peacetime, all field X-ray equipment is used to examine ordinary citizens or for X-ray diagnostics in very remote regions.
Portable x-ray equipment
Such equipment is used for the simplest diagnostic study. For example, in an ambulance or emergency room. Often used for home careand examinations of seriously ill patients unable to move independently. Used in dentistry.
Such devices are light and small. They fit in two small suitcases that can be carried by one person. Safe and have minimal radiation. Many of them are digital, working closely with the computer system. They are accurate in measurements and are used in various fields of medicine. They have no age restrictions, therefore, unlike the mobile and stationary complex, they can be used to determine diseases in pregnant women and young children.
About Siemens Myltekc
The Siemens Myltekc X-ray machine was launched in 2010. It consists only of high-quality and advanced components. The equipment can be easily installed in any room. This X-ray system allows you to increase throughput, improve the economic level of the hospital. Ensures smooth operation.
The main advantages of technology include:
- compact system;
- configuration flexibility;
- easy and fast assembly;
- touch screen;
- high performance;
- excellent picture quality;
- comfortable patient location;
- low percentage of radiation exposure.
The apparatus consists of a mobile table, a tube, a vertical stand, a detector, a computer system. This high-tech modern equipment meets all quality standards.
Equipment "Arkhp Amiko"
The X-ray diagnostic surgical mobile device "Arkhp Amiko" is a mobile X-ray surgical equipment. Developed on the basis of URI of the second standard with a CCD-matrix having parameters 1024x1024. The unit is often used in abdominal and surgical operations. Involved in traumatology, urology and endoscopy.
The new modification of this device expands the possibilities of examining the patient. Allows you to transfer and record pictures in 1024x1024 format at 25 frames per second. The conversion depth of analog and digital indicators reaches 12 bits. Expanding the scope of the C-arm creates more opportunities for manipulation by the surgeon. Modern information processing and data storage improve the quality of work.
There are four basic modes in the modern device "Arkhp-Amiko". These are continuous, pulsed, digital and film fluoroscopy. This makes it easier to work with pictures. Increased database size. There was an opportunity of record on digital carriers. Improved equipment.
Modern X-ray equipment
Modern X-ray equipment is produced in the form of large stationary complexes. They include several units that can be installed both in separate cabinets and as separate attachments for the devices. Allows for a wide range of examinations. The main advantage of this design is the unification of allnodes. In addition, if the need arises, you can always order an additional unit that is suitable in terms of parameters for the room where the X-ray diagnostic examination will take place.
Modern X-ray diagnostic complexes are equipped with special equipment that allows to make tomography, electrokymography or kymography. They have an electron-optical amplifier, which allows you to achieve a special brightness of the image, while reducing the radiation load on the body. Fully or partially automate the workflow.
Technical development of radiation diagnostics allows to improve the old equipment. Dose-forming units are being replaced. Special detectors are used to help obtain an image on the display screen and transfer it to magnetic media. There is a gradual rejection of film equipment. This factor significantly reduces the harmful effects of rays on humans. Helps improve examination quality and reduces the cost of x-ray procedures.
