CNS is the main regulator of the whole organism. Indeed, in the cortical structures of the brain there are departments responsible for the functioning of each system. Thanks to the central nervous system, the normal functioning of all internal organs, the regulation of hormone secretion, and psycho-emotional balance are ensured. Under the influence of adverse factors, organic damage to the structure of the brain occurs. Often, pathologies develop in the first year of a child's life, but can also be diagnosed in the adult population. Despite the fact that the central nervous system is directly connected with organs due to nerve processes (axons), damage to the cortex is dangerous due to the development of severe consequences even in the normal state of all functional systems. The treatment of brain diseases should be started as early as possible, in most cases it is carried out for a long time - for several months or years.
Description of residual organic lesion of the CNS
HowIt is known that the central nervous system is a well-coordinated system in which each of the links performs an important function. As a result, damage to even a small part of the brain can lead to disruption in the functioning of the body. In recent years, damage to the nervous tissue has been increasingly observed in pediatric patients. To a greater extent, this applies only to born babies. In such situations, a diagnosis of "residual organic lesion of the central nervous system in children" is made. What is it and can this disease be treated? The answers to these questions worry every parent. It should be borne in mind that such a diagnosis is a collective concept, which may include many different pathologies. The selection of therapeutic measures and their effectiveness depend on the extent of damage and the general condition of the patient. Sometimes residual-organic CNS damage occurs in adults. Often, pathology occurs as a result of trauma, inflammatory diseases, intoxication. The concept of "residual-organic lesion of the central nervous system" implies any residual effects after damage to the nervous structures. The prognosis, as well as the consequences of such a pathology, depend on how severely the brain function is impaired. In addition, great importance is attached to the topical diagnosis and identification of the injury site. After all, each of the brain structures must perform certain functions.
Causes of residual organic brain damage in children
Residual-organic lesionCNS in children is diagnosed quite often. Causes of nervous disorders can occur both after the birth of a child and during pregnancy. In some cases, damage to the central nervous system occurs due to complications of childbirth. The main mechanisms for the development of residual organic damage are trauma and hypoxia. There are many factors that provoke a violation of the nervous system in a child. Among them:
- Genetic predisposition. If the parents have any psycho-emotional deviations, then the risk of developing them in the baby increases. Examples are pathologies such as schizophrenia, neurosis, epilepsy.
- Chromosomal abnormalities. The reason for their occurrence is unknown. Incorrect DNA construction is associated with adverse environmental factors, stress. Due to chromosomal disorders, pathologies such as Down's disease, Shershevsky-Turner syndrome, Patau, etc. occur.
- The impact of physical and chemical factors on the fetus. This refers to the unfavorable environmental situation, ionizing radiation, the use of narcotic drugs and medicines.
- Infectious and inflammatory diseases during the laying of the nervous tissue of the embryo.
- Toxicosis of pregnancy. Especially dangerous for the condition of the fetus are late gestosis (pre- and eclampsia).
- Impaired placental circulation, iron deficiency anemia. These conditions lead to fetal ischemia.
- Complicated labor (weak uterine contractions, narrow pelvis, placental abruption).
Residual Organicdamage to the central nervous system in children can develop not only in the perinatal period, but also after it. The most common cause is a head injury at an early age. Also, risk factors include taking drugs with a teratogenic effect and narcotic substances during breastfeeding.
Occurrence of residual organic brain damage in adults
In adulthood, signs of residual organic damage are observed less frequently, however, they are present in some patients. Often the cause of such episodes are traumas received in early childhood. At the same time, neuropsychic deviations are long-term consequences. Residual organic brain damage occurs for the following reasons:
- Post-traumatic illness. Regardless of when CNS damage occurs, residual (residual) symptoms remain. Often these include headache, convulsions, mental disorders.
- Condition after surgery. This is especially true for brain tumors, which are removed with the capture of nearby nervous tissue.
- Using drugs. Depending on the type of substance, the symptoms of residual organic damage may vary. Most often, serious violations are observed with long-term use of opiates, cannabinoids, synthetic drugs.
- Chronic alcoholism.
In some cases, residual organic damage to the central nervous system is observed aftertransferred inflammatory diseases. These include meningitis, various types of encephalitis (bacterial, tick-borne, post-vaccination).
CNS lesion development mechanism
Residual damage to the central nervous system is always caused by adverse factors that preceded earlier. In most cases, the basis of the pathogenesis of such symptoms is cerebral ischemia. In children, it develops during fetal development. Due to insufficient blood supply to the placenta, the fetus receives little oxygen. As a result, the full development of the nervous tissue is disrupted, fetopathy occurs. Significant ischemia leads to intrauterine growth retardation, the birth of a child before the gestational age. Symptoms of cerebral hypoxia can appear already in the first days and months of life. Residual-organic damage to the central nervous system in adults often develops due to traumatic and infectious causes. Sometimes the pathogenesis of nervous disorders is associated with metabolic (hormonal) disorders.
Syndromes with residual organic CNS damage
In neurology and psychiatry, there are several main syndromes that can occur both independently (against the background of a brain disease) and regarded as a residual CNS lesion. In some cases, there is a combination of them. The following signs of residual organic damage are distinguished:
- Cerebrosthenic syndrome. Its manifestationsincreased fatigue, unsatisfactory mastering of the school curriculum, general weakness, tearfulness, mood changes are considered.
- Neurosis-like syndrome. It is characterized by the development of phobias, enuresis (uncontrolled urination at night), motor agitation (tics).
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. It is observed in children of primary and secondary school age.
- Encephalopathy. The main manifestations are sleep disturbance, memory loss, perseverance. In severe cases, there is focal neurological symptoms, convulsions.
- Psychopathies. Characterized by disobedience, aggressiveness. In adulthood - mood lability, hysterical reactions, antisocial behavior.
Most often, brain hypoxia leads to scattered symptoms, when the listed syndromes are combined with each other, not very pronounced. The predominance of focal symptoms is rarely observed.
Clinical picture in CNS lesions
Most often, the symptoms of residual organic damage to the central nervous system appear some time after exposure to an adverse factor. With perinatal fetal hypoxia, violations can be noticeable already in the first month of life. Depending on the extent of the lesion, the following symptoms may be observed:
- Slight damage to the nervous tissue: tearfulness, poor sleep, memory loss. At school age, a child may experience attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, a tendency tohysterical states, phobias.
- Moderate CNS damage has symptoms such as persistent crying, breast rejection, seizures, enuresis.
- In severe cases, focal neurological symptoms are observed. It includes muscle weakness, paresis and paralysis of the limbs, delayed physical and mental development, generalized convulsions, etc.
Residual organic lesion of the CNS: ICD-10 code
Like all pathologies, a violation of neuropsychic development has a certain code in the international classification of diseases. It is worth understanding the vastness of the concept of "residual-organic lesion of the central nervous system." The code (ICD-10) for this pathology is G96.9. This code means the diagnosis "lesion of the central nervous system, unspecified". In more specific cases, the ICD-10 code is changed to a specific nosology.
Residual-organic lesion of the CNS: treatment of pathology
Treatment of residual-organic lesions is aimed at strengthening the nervous system, rehabilitation of a person in society. It is important to understand that the patient's relatives must be patient. With the right approach, treatment can significantly improve the prognosis of the disease. Nootropic, sedative drugs, antipsychotics, tranquilizers and psychostimulants are used as drug therapy. To improve cerebral circulation, solutions "Piracetam", "Curantil", "Cerebrolysin" are prescribed. Physiotherapy treatment, massage, bioacousticbrain correction.
What are the consequences of residual organic damage?
The consequences of residual organic damage to the central nervous system depend on the degree of the disease and the approach to treatment. With mild disorders, full recovery can be achieved. Severe damage to the central nervous system is dangerous for the development of conditions such as cerebral edema, spasm of the respiratory muscles, and damage to the cardiovascular center. To avoid such complications, constant monitoring of the patient is necessary.
Disability in residual organic lesions
Treatment should be started as soon as the appropriate diagnosis is established - "residual-organic lesion of the CNS". Disability in this disease is not always assigned. With severe violations and the lack of effectiveness of treatment, a more accurate diagnosis is established. Most often it is "post-traumatic brain disease", "epilepsy", etc. Depending on the severity of the condition, 2 or 3 disability groups are assigned.
Prevention of residual organic lesions of the CNS
To avoid residual organic damage to the central nervous system, it is necessary to be observed by a doctor during pregnancy. In case of any deviations, medical attention should be sought. You should also refrain from taking medicines, bad habits.
