A blood test is a fairly informative diagnostic method, with which you can learn about both the general condition of the body and the development of pathological processes in various human organs and systems. Sometimes the result of the analysis may indicate the presence of anisochromia. What it is and what consequences this condition can lead to, we will consider in the article.
General definition
Anisochromia in the complete blood count is a condition in which there is an uneven staining of red blood cells. This is due to the content of hemoglobin in them. The more it is in red blood cells, the brighter they are. The same erythrocytes that contain an insufficient amount of hemoglobin look paler. In a blood test, such indicators are defined as color.
The main function of red blood cells is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body. The more hemoglobin these blood cells contain, the faster the body is saturated with oxygen. But everything mustbe measure. Therefore, experts have identified the optimal content of hemoglobin in erythrocytes, which allows for the most efficient operation of the whole organism. Deviation from normal indicators may indicate the presence of pathological processes.
Norma
Normal levels of hemoglobin in erythrocytes depends on a person's gender and age. Below is a table of normal values.
| Gender/Age | Norm, 1012/l |
| Men | 3, 9-5, 3 |
| Women | 3, 6-4, 7 |
| Children | 3, 8-4, 9 |
Views
Anisochromia in the general blood test can manifest itself as normochromia, hypochromia and hyperchromia. Let's take a closer look at these phenomena:
1. Normochromia is a normal condition in which red blood cells are uniformly pink in color with a small patch of light color in the middle.
2. Hypochromia is a decrease in the level of hemoglobin in red blood cells. In this case, there is a violation of oxygen delivery to the tissues, which leads to organ hypoxia. As a rule, anisochromia in a general blood test of this type indicates anemia. Currently, experts distinguish three degrees of hypochromia:
- The middle part of the blood cell is much lighter than normal.
- Only the periphery of the erythrocyte is stained red.
- The erythrocyte remains light, only reddening of the cell membrane is observed.
3. Hyperchromia. This type of blood anisochromia indicates a supersaturation of red blood cells with hemoglobin. The blood cell has a bright red color without enlightenment in the middle. The erythrocyte itself is enlarged. This condition is quite dangerous, as it can lead to the development of dangerous conditions due to the fact that the cells become unable to perform their transport function.
Reason for condition
Anisochromia can normally be present in an absolutely he althy person, but the percentage of unevenly stained cells is so small that they are practically not detected by a blood test.
The causes of anisochromia in the general blood test will be discussed below.
Hypochromia
The reasons are:
- Anemia. This is the main reason for the development of this condition. They can be of several types: iron-deficient, iron-saturated (in the body, the concentration of iron is within the normal range, but under the influence of certain factors it is poorly absorbed by cells) and iron redistributive (develops when red blood cells are destroyed under the influence of various pathological processes).
- Bleeding.
- Pregnancy and adolescence.
- Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
- Chronic illnesses (such as bronchitis or heart disease).
- Chronic purulent inflammatory processes occurring in the body.
- Irregular diet with lack of protein.
- Taking certain medications.
- Poisoning.
Hyperchromia
The reasons for the detection of anisochromia in the general blood test, which is defined as hyperchromic, are the following conditions:
- Vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency.
- Intestinal diseases.
- Congenital diseases.
- Hereditary factor.
- Malignant tumors of the stomach or lungs.
- Hepatitis.
- Presence of worms.
- Blood diseases.
- Pathological conditions of the kidneys.
- Effects of radiation or chemotherapy used in the treatment of leukemia.
- Disturbances in the normal functioning of the bone marrow.
Symptomatics
Before the detection of anisochromia in the general blood test, a person may notice symptoms that indicate the development of this pathological condition. These include:
- Fatigue.
- Lower concentration.
- Failure.
- Mood swings.
- Dizziness.
- High heart rate for no apparent reason.
- Shortness of breath.
- Headache.
- Tinnitus.
- Pale skin.
- Sleep disorders.
- Increased skin sensitivity.
- Hair loss.
- Numbness of limbs.
- Loss of smell and taste.
If the above symptoms appear, it is recommended to see a doctor as soon as possible and take the necessary tests.
Anisochromia in children
Diagnosis of anisochromia in the general blood test in children in most cases indicates the development of anemia. This is a fairly common pathology in childhood, which occurs due to the intensive growth of the body against the background of an underdeveloped hematopoietic system. This can also be facilitated by malnutrition and various pathological processes occurring in the body.
Paleness of the skin, some developmental delay, lethargy, apathy, the appearance of cracks in the corners of the lips, prolonged and frequent colds can be attributed to the manifestations of pathology.
Parents should closely monitor their children and consult a doctor at the first suspicious signs.
Diagnosis
Anisochromia is detected using a complete blood count, which focuses on the level of red blood cells and hemoglobin. To identify the cause of deviations in the indicators, the following laboratory and instrumental examinations may be prescribed:
- Urine analysis.
- Fecal occult blood test.
- Ultrasound examination of the kidneys.
- Fluorography.
- Research of blood serum for iron content.
- Gynecological examination.
- Bone marrow samples.
Possible treatment
When anisochromia is detected in a blood test, treatment is aimed at eliminating the root cause and removing unpleasant symptoms. In most cases, complex therapy is prescribed, which includes drug treatment, compliancea certain diet and the use of traditional medicine. It should be noted that if anisochromia is detected in the general blood test, only the attending physician prescribes therapy. Self-medication can aggravate the situation and provoke the development of more serious diseases. Consider the most common treatments.
Medication
In most cases, the following is assigned:
- Iron preparations (for example, Ferrum-Lek, Hemofer, Ferrofolgama and others). When prescribing a drug in the form of a dropper or injection, treatment is carried out in a hospital.
- Vitamin B12. As a rule, this drug is prescribed in the form of injections (for example, "Cyanocobalamin").
- Folic acid preparations.
There are combined preparations that include both vitamin B12 and folic acid. For example, "M altofer".
In most cases, the above drugs are prescribed in the form of capsules or tablets. With a complicated degree of anemia, a decision is made to undergo treatment in a hospital.
Diet therapy
When blood anichohromia is detected, adherence to a special diet is of great importance for the normalization of the condition. Consider the general rules:
- Animal protein must be present in the daily diet.
- You need to limit your fat intake.
- The diet should contain the required amount of foods rich in vitaminsGroup B.
- It is recommended to use fish, meat and mushroom broths.
The following products are allowed:
- Eggs.
- Cottage cheese.
- Liver (every other day or small amount every other day).
- Beer yeast.
- Mushrooms.
- Red meat.
- Fish.
- Beets.
- Apples.
- Pomegranate juice (may be mixed with beet juice or diluted a little with water).
- Beans.
- Rosehip.
- Currant.
- Pumpkin.
The following products are not recommended:
- Tea.
- Some greens.
- Fatty foods.
- Dairy.
- Coffee.
- Oatmeal or millet porridge.
- Alcoholic.
Traditional medicine
Folk remedies are used as an additional treatment to the main therapy or as a preventive measure. The following recipes have worked well:
- Glasses of boiling water boil 10 grams of nettle leaves. Let it brew, then apply three times a day, 1 tablespoon.
- Mix dried fruits with honey and take 1 tablespoon 3 times a day.
Complications
With untimely treatment of anisochromia or its complete absence, more serious pathological conditions may develop. These include:
- Decreased immunity.
- Liver enlargement.
- Reduced quality of life due to unpleasant manifestations of a pathological condition.
- Delaygrowth in children.
- Mental and mental retardation in a child.
- Chronic anemia.
It is important to note that if the cause of anisochromia in the general blood test is tumor processes, hepatitis and other dangerous diseases, the lack of treatment can lead to the development of serious complications.
Conclusion
As a rule, anisochromia is a consequence of other pathological processes occurring in the body. Sometimes a change in diet and lifestyle adjustments can help get rid of the disease. In more serious cases, if the prescriptions of the attending physician are followed, the prognosis is also positive. It is necessary to listen to your body, visit a doctor in a timely manner and not neglect the prescribed treatment and preventive measures, which include following a certain diet and maintaining a he althy lifestyle.
