Whatever they say, but pregnancy is one of the most reverent, crucial moments in the life of every woman. Many primary signs can indicate the presence of pregnancy: a change in appetite, nausea, lack of menstruation, but only a specialist can diagnose pregnancy. Early diagnosis of pregnancy establishes the presence of probable and suspected signs.
Suggested or questionable symptoms include:
- heightened sense of smell (aversion to strong odors: perfume, alcohol, tobacco smoke);
- changes in appetite (aversion to fish, meat or other foods), taste perversion (gravitation towards chalk, clay, spicy foods);
- pigmentation of the skin of the areola, along the white line of the abdomen, on the face;
- increased drowsiness, irritability, abrupt changesmood.
Probable signs include:
- cyanosis of the mucous membrane of the cervix and vagina;
- cessation of menstruation;
- change in the consistency of the mucosa, shape, and size of the uterus;
- lab research (determination of the concentration of chorionic hormone in the blood and urine).
Diagnosis of early pregnancy: reliable symptoms
Among such signs:
- determination of the parts and movements of the embryo during probing or ultrasound of the woman's abdomen;
- auscultation of heart sounds in a child. Heart contractions can be determined using instrumental diagnostic methods: cardiotocography, ECG, phonography, auscultation.
Diagnosis of pregnancy is made on the basis of anamnestic data, probing of the mammary glands and squeezing out colostrum, visual examination of the vestibule of the vagina and external genital organs, instrumental examination using vaginal speculums, as well as a two-handed vaginal-abdominal or vaginal examination of a woman.
Modern diagnosis of pregnancy includes a variety of instrumental methods: echographic, radioimmunological, immunological, biological, etc.
Biological diagnostic methods are based on determining the concentration of hormones (horiogonadotropin) in a woman's blood.
Immunological diagnosis of pregnancy is based on precipitation reactions with rabbit antiserum, either on the suppression of the hemagglutination reaction, or oncomplement fixation.
Delayed pregnancy is an important clinical symptom, especially in patients with a regular cycle. Its value increases if it is combined with "swelling" of the breast and the appearance of colostrum in it, with a change in the consistency and size of the uterus, with the occurrence of cyanosis of the vagina and cervix. During pregnancy, the size and shape of the uterus changes. In non-pregnant women, the uterus has a pear-shaped shape, by the five-sixth week of pregnancy, the indicated organ acquires a spherical shape, and by the end of pregnancy - ovoid.
Ultrasound diagnosis of pregnancy allows you to monitor the embryonic development of the child and take the necessary measures at the slightest deviation from the physiological norm.
This method allows you to determine the sex of the child, as well as to identify defects and anomalies in the development of the fetus. Doppler ultrasound allows you to timely determine dysfunctional deviations in the "mother-placenta-embryo" system. Thanks to this method, the fetal heartbeat and blood flow velocity can be determined. This diagnostic method is of high value in pregnancy complications (for example, embryonic developmental delay syndrome). Diagnosis of pregnancy can also be carried out using antenatal cardiotocography. This method allows you to assess the vital activity of the fetus.
