Purpura is the process of staining the patient's skin or mucous surface due to the release of red blood cells from vessels or capillaries. This disease is of several types. It occurs as a result of various provoking factors, accompanied by symptoms, which will depend on the type of pathology. Diagnosed in both children and adults. After a thorough examination, treatment is prescribed, and folk remedies can be used.
Causes of occurrence
Purpura occurs as a result of many provoking factors. To establish the cause of the disease, it is necessary to undergo a thorough examination. The main provocateurs of skin pathology include the following:
- Increased tendency of the patient to bleed, which is associated with a bleeding disorder.
- Infectious diseases, including HIV infection.
- Taking certain groups of medications.
- The result of an allergic reaction of the body.
- Violation of the coagulation processblood that was provoked by exposure to any toxic substances.
- Diseases and pathologies of vessels that are inflammatory.
- Congestive processes in the blood.
- Hypercooling or overheating.
- Surgical intervention.
- Injured.
Purpura is a disease that can occur as a result of blood clots in the veins, heavy lifting, severe coughing, during childbirth and for other reasons.
Classification
In modern medicine, there are several types of purpura. This pathology can be both congenital hereditary and acquired, that is, it occurs as a result of infection or a past disease. The most common types of purpura are thrombocytopenic, rheumatoid, toxic, hemorrhagic, immune, and complex.
The disease is first diagnosed in childhood. In the older age category, purpura is observed in most cases in the female half of the population.
Thrombocytopenic purpura is a common pathology that can be of several types depending on the course and duration. It can be classified as acute, chronic and recurrent form. According to clinical signs, this disorder is dry and wet. In this case, the patient will have severe symptoms. The thrombocytopenic type of the disease also includes such subspecies as thrombotic, vascular andidiopathic purpura.
Thrombocytopenic purpura in a child
This type of pathology ranks first among hemorrhagic pathologies. Most often diagnosed in girls under the age of 13 years. If purpura of this type occurs in a child under the age of two years, then it has a severe course, begins acutely and is not accompanied by an infectious disease. Vaccinations, especially BCG, can provoke thrombocytopenic purpura in a child.
Idiopathic type of purpura in children is accompanied by pronounced symptoms, there is hemorrhage and bleeding, which is located in the area of the mucous surface of the nose and gum tissue. Girls may experience profuse uterine bleeding during puberty.
Also, the idiopathic subspecies of the disease in children and adolescents can provoke hemorrhagic syndrome, which is dangerous with frequent bleeding in the nasal mucosa, hemorrhages in the area of the articular tissue and skin, as well as gastrointestinal bleeding.
Symptomatics in thrombocytopenic form
Each type of disease is accompanied by certain signs that help in the diagnosis. This pathology in most cases affects the lower limbs, at first the color of purple is red, burgundy, then it becomes more pronounced. After 7-10 days, the affected areas acquire a bright color with a yellow tint.
In case of thrombotic thrombocytopenic form in a patient at the initialstage, platelet microthrombi occur, which spread throughout the body through small vessels. At the same time, damage to the brain, kidneys, liver can be observed, blood flow is disturbed, cells and tissues suffer. This form has an acute onset and progresses rapidly. Diagnosed in young patients.
Thrombocytopenic purpura is accompanied by symptoms such as:
- Low blood platelets.
- Hemolytic anemia.
- Neurological changes.
- Impaired kidney function.
- Fever.
When the first signs of a disease appear, you should immediately seek qualified help.
Symptomatics in other forms of the disease
Allergic purpura is a disease that affects the circulatory system in younger patients. Specialists have not identified specific symptoms of this type of pathology, but it is worth noting that the child will experience changes in ESR, which are prone to vasculitis.
Pigmented chronic purpura has such typical symptoms for it:
- Erythema.
- Pigmentation throughout the body and hemorrhages of varying degrees, depending on the level of damage to the walls of blood vessels.
- Itching.
This form is recurrent and each time it takes up more and more space, and the rash becomes brighter.
Hemorrhagic purpura is characterized by a rash that can be confused with diathesis rashes, but differs in that the spotsgradually merge into large formations. Dark purple can be noted on the lower limbs, sometimes on the body. With this type of disease, only a rash is considered the only sign.
Diagnosis
If the patient does not have the main signs of the disease, such as bleeding and hemorrhage, then the specialist finds it difficult to make a diagnosis. In such a situation, the pathology can be confused with vascular anomalies of the skin.
Diagnosis of purpura is based on clinical and hematological findings. First of all, the patient must be carefully examined, and attention is also paid to hardware and laboratory examinations.
It is recommended to take tests such as:
- General clinical and biochemical blood test.
- Urea study.
- Common urinalysis.
To accurately diagnose, the specialist also conducts differential diagnosis. Compares the patient's symptoms with signs of such pathologies as hemolytic-uremic syndrome, hemolytic purpura, microangiopathic and hepatorenal syndrome. Based on the data obtained from the study, the patient is prescribed treatment, which in most cases has a positive effect. To know exactly what purple looks like, photos can be viewed on specialized medical sites and in our article.
Treatment
Treatment is prescribed exclusively by a specialist after a thorough examination. Do not engage in self-therapy, as this can lead toto negative consequences and deterioration of the general condition. Therapy can be medical, if necessary, surgical intervention is performed, alternative recipes can be used as aids.
The following groups of drugs are prescribed to the patient:
- Glucocorticosteroids.
- Immunoglobuins.
- Interferon alpha.
- Pink periwinkle alkaloids.
The dosage and period of medication will depend on the neglect of the situation.
If the patient is bleeding, it is recommended to use hemostatic drugs, as well as aminocaproic acid. Surgical intervention is based on the removal of the spleen and is prescribed only if conservative treatment has not given a positive result. If vascular purpura has been diagnosed, then the patient should follow a hypoallergenic diet.
Prevention measures
To avoid problems in childhood and adolescence, it is recommended to pay more attention to he alth, especially in case of severe infectious diseases. In such a situation, you need to constantly be under the supervision of a specialist, especially the first few years, and conduct preventive examinations.
To avoid recurrence of purpura, the emphasis should be on avoiding contracting viral infections and preventing bacterial diseases. It is also necessary to be as little as possible under the influence of direct sunlight, but it is better to completely exclude them. Not worth it oftenfreeze over.
In addition, the prevention of purpura is the timely elimination of foci of infection, such as caries, tonsillitis and others. If the patient is at risk of developing the disease, it is recommended to undergo regular examinations, take all tests and, at the first manifestations of the disease, immediately seek qualified help, do not engage in self-therapy.
