Almost everyone at least once in their life has come across the words of a dentist: "An operation is needed here." And we fall into a stupor. What is the operation? How does it go? What to prepare for? This article will help to understand these issues.
Tooth structure
Before the operation, many do not even know what the neck of the tooth is. Therefore, before finding out how the process of tooth extraction goes, we need to understand its structure. Our little organs can:
- Bite and chew food.
- Improve the functioning of the digestive system. After all, well-chopped food is good for our stomach.
- Shape the sound. For example, the sound "C" is produced by blowing air through tightly clenched teeth.
- Get attention. Yes Yes! Beautiful and well-groomed teeth always arouse interest.
A he althy person has 32 teeth in his mouth. They are divided into 4 types:
- Four upper and four lower teeth. They are located in the center, have a cutting edge. They are called incisors. With them we bite off food.
- Fangs are next to them. Their pointy appearance helps us tearpieces of food.
- The premolars do the grinding of food. Their shape resembles a prism.
- Behind the premolars are the largest teeth - the molars. They are engaged in chewing and grinding food.
Sometimes some teeth do not erupt completely and remain in this form throughout a person's life. Some of these teeth do not interfere, others try to remove them through surgery.
The tooth is made of cement, periodontal and pulp. Cement is similar in structure to the jaw bone and is the main basis of our teeth. The periodontium fixes the tooth in the socket, and the pulp takes all irritating factors and delivers nutrients to the active organ.
This little organ is made up of a root, neck and crown. More details of the structure can be seen in the picture.
Why is a tooth removed?
Which teeth are removed? It is worth noting that both diseased and he althy teeth can be removed. But just like that, no one is going to remove them. They will be removed only if the small organ can no longer be saved or if it causes serious complications in the human body. The main reasons for deletion are:
- A cyst forms on the root of a canine or molar.
- Inflammation in the root or on the gum, which leads to tooth decay and the spread of infection.
- The appearance of the so-called wisdom tooth. There are people who feel discomfort because of it, then this tooth is removed.
- Teeth too close together. They interfere with the placement of prostheses orother dental appliances.
- Teeth damaging soft tissues. They can also form an overbite.
- Complex tooth fractures.
Features of the operation
Each type of teeth has its own characteristics of the operation of tooth extraction. There are several. They consist in the position of the person during the operation, the type of forceps for tooth extraction, movements.
- Upper incisors and canines are removed with straight forceps. The dentist grabs the tooth with them and begins to perform rotational movements (because the incisors and canines have a cone-shaped root). If the root is flattened, then the movements are pendulum-like (the first movement towards the oral cavity).
- S-shaped forceps are used to remove upper premolars. The first premolars are subjected to pendulum movements of the forceps (the first movement is from the oral cavity), and the second - rotational. Premolars have roots: buccal and palatal.
- The same forceps pull out the first and second molars at the top. Their root is complex - 2 buccal and 1 palatine, so rotational movements are unlikely to help here. So here they use a pendulum type movement towards the cheek.
- The third upper molar is removed with bayonet forceps. It has a fused root, so it is removed first with pendulum movements (towards the sky), and then finished with rotational ones.
During the operation, the patient is in a chair in a semi-lying position. The chair is raised so that the tooth being removed is at the level of the dentist's shoulder. The doctor is either to the right or in front ofpatient.
- The lower incisors are removed with beak forceps. First, a small organ is turned towards the lip, and then the tongue. Rotational movements are not recommended, but small amounts are acceptable.
- The lower fangs will be removed with wider beak-shaped forceps. Pendulum movements (first towards the lips, then the tongue). The rotational movements are the final ones in order to completely free the tooth from the ligaments.
- Premolars at the bottom are torn out in the same way as the lower canines. Movement towards the cheek and tongue is combined with rotation.
- The first molar is twisted first outward, then inward. The second molar is towards the tongue, then the cheeks.
- Elevator forceps are used for operations on the lower third molar. Twisting starts from the lingual side, then moving to the buccal side.
At these moments, the doctor is mostly in front or slightly behind the patient. The lower jaw of the patient should be at the level of the lowered elbow of the dentist.
Preparation for surgery
If the tooth is not severely damaged, then preparation for tooth extraction includes:
- doctor's examination;
- conversation: the dentist will find out if you are allergic to any medications;
- in special cases X-ray.
Pregnant women and patients who have an inflammatory process have a slightly different preparation.
- The mobility and decay of the tooth, the focus of inflammation, the body's reaction to extraction are determined.
- An x-ray is taken to determine the amountroots, which teeth have been infected. Pregnant women are prescribed only a radiovisiograph.
- Conversation with a patient. The doctor talks about the stages of tooth extraction, about the benefits of the operation. If the patient is terribly afraid of dentists, then it is worth drinking sedatives ("Corvalol", motherwort, etc.).
- If the infection has already captured a sufficient part of the oral cavity, antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed.
- Consultation with an anesthesiologist. Your doctor will test you for an allergic reaction to painkillers.
- You need to eat well in an hour and a half. So you will not have a strong saliva flow, blood clotting will increase.
- Before removing a tooth, brush your teeth well and rinse your mouth.
Alcohol and other toxic substances should not be consumed before surgery. The operation is usually attended by a dental assistant.
What tools are used during the operation
Special tools are used for each operation. These are forceps for extracting teeth (the type of instrument depends on the tooth being removed), Coupland's chisel, hammer, drill, luxator, elevators (James or Cryer).
Steps of operation
- Checking the patient for anesthesia allergies. Collection of anamnesis. Included in one of the stages of preparation for the operation.
- Injection of pain medication. It usually lasts between 40 minutes and one hour.
- Exfoliation of the gums from the tooth using speci altools. This process is called syndesmotomy. Avoids soft tissue damage during surgery.
- Tooth loosening. Forceps are applied to a small organ (above the bone tissue), they are tightly fixed and the tooth begins to loosen with the help of various movements (depending on the type of tooth). Thus, the organ comes off the ligaments.
- Tooth extraction. Once loosened, the tooth is easily removed.
- At this stage of tooth extraction, the remaining bone is removed from the socket.
- The well is treated with an antiseptic, then (if there is inflammation) an anti-inflammatory bandage is applied.
- On average, tooth extraction takes about 30-40 minutes. Sometimes the gum is sutured.
Steps of tooth extraction operation may vary. If the tooth cannot be extracted with forceps, the gum is incised. If the operation is complex, then a dental assistant may be present in the office.
Post-op care
- After the operation, do not remove the cotton wool or rinse the mouth. This will only increase the bleeding.
- Refrain from brushing your teeth and eating solid foods. You can damage the open well and introduce bacteria into it. Chewing food is on the he althy half.
- Apply cold compresses, take painkillers as needed. If the pain does not go away within five days, then you should consult a doctor again.
- Sleep on the he althy side too.
- Rinse your mouth with antiseptic. Keep the solution on the affected area for 1-3 minutes and then spit it out.
- There are also special gels that speed up wound healing. They are applied in a thick layer on the gum. Do not eat for 30 minutes after application.
- Pain in the ears, throat, head, when opening the mouth, discomfort during the consumption of hot or cold food, bruises at the site of the operation are absolutely normal. However, if they drag on for a long time, then you should consult a dentist.
- In general, a doctor's consultation is necessary for another month after the operation.
Rules for daily dental care
Did you find out how decayed teeth are removed? Now let's talk about leaving.
- Brushing your teeth should start from the same place. If brushing on the right first, this will always be your starting point.
- Brush your teeth in sequence. Start on the right, then move forward, then move to the left, etc.
- Carefully brush around the entire perimeter of the jaw.
- Move the brush in an oval motion. Brushing across will wear away the enamel quickly.
- Use the other side of the brush to clean your tongue. It also accumulates a large number of bacteria.
For good daily care you will need: high-quality toothpaste and brush, chewing gum (use only for cleansing, do not abuse), dental floss, toothpicks, mouthwash, irrigator (removes plaque).
It should be remembered that everyone should have personal hygiene products. No wayDo not use someone else's toothbrushes. Imagine the situation: a person with AIDS is brushing his teeth with his brush and accidentally scratches his gum. Infected blood enters the villi. Then another person uses this brush and also scratches his gum. The blood of the infected seeps into the wound.
It is also worth visiting the dentist at least once every six months.
Diseases that may require surgery
The stages of tooth extraction have been sorted out, but the diseases that lead to this are not.
- Abscess. First there is a swelling, and then a small ball filled with pus. Appears due to advanced caries and periodontal disease, infection in an open wound.
- Pulpitis also appears due to untreated carious lesions. Unbearable pain and spreading infection require immediate medical attention.
- Periostitis has a common name flux, it also refers to infectious diseases. If it is not treated in a timely manner, then the blood will become infected with viruses in the focus of inflammation. Then you will have to treat not only the teeth, but the whole body.
- Tooth cyst. The tumor, containing pus inside itself, is located at the root. Requires immediate medical attention.
- Caries. The most harmful disease. It begins to develop unwanted bacteria, and it is she who leads you to the dentist's office. Treating such problems is necessary for everyone: both children and adults. And even more so, it’s definitely not worth delaying with him.
What will tooth loss lead to?
Our small organs primarily support the volume and density of jaw bone. When teeth fall out or are removed, its volume decreases by 25% per year. Neither prostheses nor any other means will help here. They will only increase the rate of bite change, reduce the height of the face, push the chin forward and lower the corners of the lips. In addition, infectious diseases pose a huge risk to your entire body. Any entry of harmful bacteria into the blood is the beginning of a serious illness.
It is easier to prevent the disease at an early stage than to suffer later complications.
If you are afraid of going to the dentist, write down your specific fears on a piece of paper. Come to the doctor and consult with him about all the questions that concern you. Don't believe movie stories or "funny" stories. Indeed, today in dentistry, the most modern devices are used that do not make terrifying sounds and do not bring any pain at all.
Besides, he althy teeth, absence of bad breath brighten you and your smile.
Moreover, having bad teeth, you will have to give up various foods. From sweets, from nuts, vegetables, fruits. But these are our main sources of vitamins. Judge for yourself: if there is no he althy food, there will be no benefit to the body. You will be in dire need of vitamin pills. But no one canceled the side effects after them.
Now carefully weigh everything: one trip to the dentist for prevention or unbearable pain, constant sores andtrips to multiple doctors? After all, you already know even the stages of tooth extraction! Why be afraid of a simple trip to the dentist? Appreciate yourself, your he alth and teeth. Go to the dentist if something is bothering you. Do not bring to a deplorable state.
