If a woman has a bladder ache, and this discomfort is complemented by other unpleasant symptoms, then an urgent need to see a doctor. Do not ignore warning signs. Because in the early stages, pathologies associated with the genitourinary system can be treated much faster than in a neglected state.
Now it is worth discussing in detail what symptoms indicate problems with the bladder in women, what are their prerequisites, and what are the principles of therapy.
Cystitis
This is perhaps one of the most common diseases of the category under discussion. This bladder problem in women has the following symptoms:
- Frequent urge to urinate with pain.
- Discomfort felt in the lower abdomen.
- Fever.
- Admixture of blood in the urine.
- Cloudy urine.
Pain can be different. Very rarely, in about 10% of cases, cystitis is painless. A woman may be disturbed only by a feeling of fullness and slight discomfort. But other times the pain is unbearable and spreads to the back.
Most often, cystitis occurs for the following reasons:
- Carrying a fetus and giving birth.
- Stagnation of urine.
- Infection of the genitals.
- Hormonal disorders.
- Hypercooling.
- Ignoring the rules of intimate hygiene.
- Unhe althy diet and beriberi.
- Surgeries on the urinary organs and cervix.
Diagnosis of this disease of the bladder in women involves donating blood and urine for analysis (for general and for sowing according to Nechiporenko), as well as ultrasound, cytoscopy and ureteroscopy.
Treatment of cystitis
As a rule, doctors include anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics in the therapeutic process. Such treatment quickly helps to get rid of such a popular bladder problem in women. Symptoms begin to go away pretty quickly - the main thing is not to delay the diagnosis.
The selection of drugs is carried out on an individual basis. The most popular medicines are:
- "No-shpa" (2-3 times a day, daily intake - 120-240 mg) and "Papaverine" (3-4 times 40-60 mg). These remedies help reduce smooth muscle tone and relieve spasms.
- "Biseptol" - 2 tablets twice a day, for 3 days.
- "Monural" - 2 hours after eating, once 3 mg.
- "Nolitsin" - 1 piece 2 times a day, the course lasts 3 days.
- "Cyston" - 2 tablets in the morning and evening.
- "Phytolysin" - 3-4 times a day, 1 tsp. pasta diluted in half a glass of warm water with sugar.
- "Canephron" - three times a day, 50 drops. Dilute with a little water before use.
It is forbidden to choose drugs for treatment on your own. Antibiotics for bladder disease in women are prescribed by a doctor! What may be beneficial to he alth in one case may exacerbate the situation in another. That is why a detailed diagnosis is carried out before starting treatment.
If the disease has a recurrent form, then in addition to symptomatic and etiotropic therapy, instillations, UHF, intravesical iontophoresis, magnetotherapy, inductometry, and magnetolaser therapy should be done.
Overactive Bladder Syndrome
This is the name of another common reason why the bladder often hurts in women. This syndrome is characterized by frequent urge to urinate. Unfortunately, this is often accompanied by incontinence. The human bladder is made of muscles, which means that with this ailment, the patient is simply not able to suppress the emission of urine.
In this type of disorder, the muscle tissue reacts to even the slightest accumulation of fluid. The girl constantly feels the fullness of the bubble and canvisit the toilet several times an hour. This produces a very small amount of urine.
The reasons why many women have weak bladders include the following predisposing factors:
- Various disorders of the structures of the brain or spinal cord. These can be traumatic brain injuries, oncology, bruises, injuries, complications after surgery.
- Diabetes mellitus.
- Disorders of the nervous system.
- Mental retardation.
- Congenital pathologies affecting the structure of the urinary canal.
- Strokes.
- Hormonal changes.
Diagnosis is not difficult in the case of this disease of the bladder. Symptoms in women are very characteristic, but still, an examination is indispensable.
First, the doctor will get detailed information about the frequency of visits and the approximate amount of urine excreted. Then he will analyze the history of diseases of relatives, study the hereditary factor. Then you will need to donate blood and urine for analysis. In conclusion, ultrasound of the bladder, MRI, examination of the canal with a cystoscope, radiography and urodynamic examination of a complex nature are performed.
Syndrome Treatment
Familiarizing yourself with the symptoms of bladder problems in women, you can move on to consider the principles of therapy. Her main task is to learn to control the urges and restrain them, if necessary. The complex includes the following activities:
- Reception individuallyselected medicines (which ones - depends on the causes of the pathology).
- Performing exercise, which can help strengthen the pelvic muscles.
- Treatment with current and electrophoresis, acupuncture and electrical stimulation.
- Observance of the correct regimen of the day. You need to allocate at least 8 hours for sleep, and do not drink liquid before bed.
- Avoiding stress of any kind, bringing active pastime into your life.
A more detailed answer to the question of how to treat the bladder in women in this case, the doctor will be able to give after the examination.
If all else fails, surgery will probably be indicated. There are several types:
- Additional supply of bladder nerves.
- The introduction of a sterile liquid inside, increasing the size of this organ.
- Replacing part of the bladder with the bowel.
- Administration by injection of specific drugs that can interfere with the transmission of nerve impulses.
- Removal of a specific part of an organ while preserving the mucous membrane.
Of course, the appropriate type of operation is determined by the doctor, guided by the results of the examination.
Urolithiasis
Another common, unfortunately, ailment. The cause of this bladder disease in women, the symptoms and treatment of which will be discussed in a moment, is often one of the following:
- Violation of the level of acidity of urine.
- Poor qualitytap water and bad environment.
- Accumulation of carbonates, oxalates and phosphates.
- Inactive lifestyle.
- Chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
- Bad diet, passion for fried, overs alted, spicy foods.
- Infectious pathologies.
- Congenital diseases of the bladder and kidneys.
- Genetic disorders.
- Prolonged immobility.
Common signs of this bladder disease in women include symptoms such as:
- Weakness.
- Nausea.
- Vomiting.
- Renal colic.
- Pain syndrome.
- Problems experienced while emptying the bladder.
In order to determine the size, type, and area of localization of stones, the doctor prescribes a comprehensive examination. It includes the following activities:
- Blood test. It helps to determine the level of total protein, uric acid and creatinine.
- Urine analysis. With its help, the level of leukocytes and erythrocytes is specified.
- Ultrasound of the bladder and kidneys.
- Excretory urography. Performed using a contrast medium.
- Overview urography. It allows you to understand how large the size of the calculus is and where it is located.
At the end of all these activities, the doctor will tell you how to treat the bladder. The woman will have individual therapy based on the severity of the pathological process, the presence of inflammation or colic, and the type of stones.
Urolithiasis treatment
This bladder problem in women is not so easy to fix. Although modern medicine has such a large range of medicines that there will definitely be a drug that can gradually dissolve stony formations.
The most popular products are Magurlit, Blemaren, Allopurinol. Boric and benzoic acid, as well as ammonium chloride, are also effective.
These remedies can help in the treatment of bladder disease in women if the size of stones in diameter does not exceed 6 mm.
The following drugs are also often included in therapy:
- "Progesterone", which affects the alpha-adrenergic receptors of the ureters. It widens the diameter of the passages and reduces muscle tone.
- "Glucagon", which is a smooth muscle relaxant that relaxes the muscle fibers of the ureter. The result is an easy movement of stones through the lumen.
- Alpha blockers. They have a relaxing effect on the smooth muscle fibers of the ureters.
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that reduce local swelling and relieve pain.
- Calcium channel blockers. Means of this group effectively eliminate spasms. As a result, stones pass freely through the ureters.
You still need to take terpenes. These are drugs that increase the daily amount of urine, improve microcirculation in the organs of the urinary system and blood supply,and also have a bacteriostatic effect.
Palin, Canephron, Cystine, Olimetin, Enatin and Fitolizin are distinguished by increased efficiency.
Talking about the specifics of this problem with the bladder in women and the treatment of this disease, it must be noted that it is often accompanied by the addition of an infection. In such cases, the doctor also prescribes antibiotics. These can include fluoroquinolones (Lomefloxacin and Ofloxacin), aminoglycosides (Amikacin and Gentamicin), and cephalosporins (Cefepime and Cefazolin).
Bladder tumor
And this pathology needs some attention. Unfortunately, pain in the bladder in women often indicates the development of an oncological neoplasm. In men, this occurs 5 times less often. The risk group includes representatives of the beautiful half of humanity, who are aged 40 to 75 years.
The cause of cancer is still unknown. The prerequisites are assumed to be:
- Genetic predisposition, tripling of the seventh chromosome.
- Susceptibility to diseases of the genitourinary system.
- Living in areas with high levels of radiation.
- Bathing in polluted waters.
- Abuse of s alty and high-protein foods.
- Nicotine addiction.
The first symptom of cancer is not bladder pain. In women, an early manifestation of oncology in this case is hematuria, in which part of the excretedthe affected area of blood is mixed with urine.
Then the following symptoms join:
- Deterioration of fluid outflow.
- Discomfort in the lower abdomen.
- Sharp pain in the urethra.
- Presence of sediment and unpleasant odor in urine.
- Kidney diseases developing against the background of oncology.
Actually, these are pretty vague signs of bladder disease. In women, these symptoms also manifest cystitis. And this is another reason why it is impossible to delay the diagnosis. In this case, it is also complex, and involves the following activities:
- Clinical and biochemical analyzes of blood and urine.
- Ultrasound of the pelvic organs and bladder.
- Cytoscopy.
- Tomographic kidney scan.
- Cystography.
- Excretory urography.
After the examination is completed, treatment is prescribed.
Fight against cancer
If a woman's symptoms of bladder disease were indeed indicative of cancer, she will be shown one of the following therapies:
- Resection. It implies partial removal of a part of an organ in case of superficial damage to the walls.
- BCG. The vaccine is injected into the cavity of the bladder to fight cancer cells.
- Radical cystectomy. This is already a last resort. Not only the affected organ is removed, but also those that are close to it - the uterus, appendages, evenurethra.
Unfortunately, in the latter case, the survival rate over the next five years is reduced to 40%. Plus, in this situation, each urination is significantly complicated. Fortunately, modern medicine can offer three options for solving the problem:
- Artificial urinal. Such a device helps a woman to independently control the process of removing urine from the body.
- Stoma. Emptying will be carried out through a special hole made in the abdominal wall. A urinal is also installed there.
- Ureters embedded in isolated intestine.
Talking about what diseases of the bladder women have, and what they are fraught with, it will be fair to note that not all patients agree to such operations. Then the doctor offers an alternative - radiation and chemotherapy. This more loyal method can increase survival up to 50%, and even up to 70%.
Is it possible to heal? Doctors are never reassuring. But there is a chance if a woman seeks help at an early stage of tumor formation. The survival rate for patients with the first stage is 85%.
Tuberculosis of the bladder
Another serious pathology that needs attention. Before listing the signs and symptoms of bladder disease in women, it must be noted that the cause of this disease is Mycobacterium bacillus Koch, which enters the body by airborne droplets.
The development of this pathology is facilitatedthe following factors:
- Unfavorable living conditions.
- Bad food.
- Weakened immunity.
- Bad habits.
- Comorbidities.
If the infection enters the bladder, then the inflammatory process immediately begins. First, the openings of the ureters are affected. Then reflux develops (reverse reflux of urine), tuberculous nodules are formed. They can merge with each other, ulcerate and become covered with necrosis. Gradually, the wound spreads to the deeper layers of the organ, overgrows with connective tissue, as a result of which scars form. And this is fraught with a change in the shape of the bladder.
At first, the disease is asymptomatic. But sooner or later, a woman begins to worry about the changes taking place in her body. It all starts with a breakdown and unreasonable weight loss. Excessive sweating and insomnia join at night.
Then the woman begins to notice increased urination. During the day, she can go to the toilet up to 20 times. Urination is accompanied by a feeling of discomfort in the abdomen, cramps, pain and incontinence.
The disease progresses, subfebrile body temperature, migraine, chills and general signs of intoxication occur. When the kidneys are involved in the pathological process, discomfort spreads to the lower back. Very rarely, the inflammatory process affects the uterus, prostate, ovaries and testicles.
By the way, since tuberculosis of the bladder always begins with lung damage, one should also pay attention to accompanying signs. In thiscase, they can be distinguished in the following list:
- Hemoptysis.
- Cough with expectoration.
- High heart rate.
- Paleness of the skin and its increased moisture, even stickiness.
- Impaired blood pressure.
- Pain felt in the upper body.
Tuberculosis treatment
Diagnostic measures are carried out all the same. They have been listed above. What about therapy? Tuberculosis of the genitourinary system requires long-term treatment in special, specialized dispensaries. Usually it takes 2-3 years. Yes, it is very long, but such treatment helps to achieve a stable remission, and also has a better effect on the quality of life.
As in all other cases, the treatment regimen is compiled on an individual basis. The doctor must take into account the stage of the disease and other physiological characteristics of his patient. Be that as it may, a complex intake of antibiotics is usually prescribed, combined with anti-tuberculosis drugs.
The following medications are most effective:
- "Protionamide".
- Ethambutol.
- Isoniazid.
- Rifampicin.
- "Pyrazinamide".
These drugs are often combined with fluoroquinolones. Usually prescribed "Ofloxacin".
It is important to keep the dynamics of the disease under control. To do this, the patient must regularly give urine to be examined in the laboratory.
In the event that tuberculosis is in advancedcondition, and it is already fraught with pathological changes in organs, it is impossible to do without an operation. The following indicators for surgical intervention are distinguished:
- Strictures of the pyelocaliceal part of the kidney, spermatic cord and ureter.
- Reducing the size of the bladder.
- The lack of effectiveness of drug treatment.
- Disorders of the kidney that are only progressing.
With timely diagnosis and competent treatment, the prognosis can be favorable.
Prevention
So, above it was told about what are the diseases of the bladder in women. Of course, this is not the whole list. There are other pathologies, but they are much less common.
So at the end of the topic, I would like to say about what you need to do in order to maintain your genitourinary system in a he althy state. So, you need to:
- Strictly follow the rules of personal hygiene.
- Don't get cold.
- Avoid stressful situations, whatever they involve.
- Alternate between work and rest.
- Drink at least two liters of clean water a day.
- Move enough.
- Do not abuse s alty, smoked and spicy foods, diversify your diet with vegetables, fruits and foods containing vitamins with macro- and microelements.
- Timely diagnose infectious diseases, treat them competently.
- Empty bladder before and after intercourseher.
- Eat he althy and varied food.
- Drink additional vitamins in winter and spring.
You can still take various folk remedies for prevention (in the absence of contraindications, of course). For example, an infusion of herbs from St. John's wort, bear's ears or lingonberries. It is prepared in an elementary way: you need to pour one tablespoon with a glass of boiling water and let it brew. Then drink 1 tbsp. l. five times a day.
Sitz baths are also useful. It is recommended to make them with the addition of an infusion from the collection, made on the basis of the same bear's ears, bitter licorice, corn stigmas and birch leaves.
Decoctions of chamomile, calendula and St. John's wort are no less beneficial. The main thing is not to abuse folk remedies. Everything should be in moderation, even when it comes to natural ingredients.
And in the event that some unpleasant symptoms still appear, you should immediately make an appointment with a specialist. You can not self-medicate or start the course of pathology - this is fraught with serious consequences not only for the genitourinary system, but also for the whole organism as a whole.
