What does a surgeon treat? This is a doctor who is trained to diagnose and treat injuries and other conditions that require invasive intervention. Almost any medical direction has its own therapeutic and surgical branch. For example, a cardiologist / pulmonologist is a thoracic surgeon, a gastroenterologist is an abdominal surgeon, etc. But not all the inhabitants can imagine what each of them does.
Thoracic surgery
First on our list is a thoracic surgeon. What does this specialist treat? Based on the name, it deals with the elimination of diseases of the chest organs. It is in charge of the heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus, thymus, thyroid and parathyroid glands, as well as the pleura and mediastinal contents. In addition, sometimes breast pathologies fall within his competence, although oncologists are more often involved in these diseases.
Of course, there are narrower specialists operating in the same area as a thoracic surgeon. What treats, for example, a cardiac surgeon or a mammologist surgeon, is clear to everyone. But they cannot cover all the diseases that occur onmedical path, so universal practices are needed.
Abdominal Surgery
Abdominal surgeon number two. What does this doctor treat? All diseases, one way or another affecting the abdominal cavity. These can be injuries, penetrating and non-penetrating wounds, inflammation, ruptures, bleeding, perforations, peritonitis and sepsis. Torsion and diverticula of the intestine, acute appendicitis, adhesive or other intestinal obstruction, ectopic pregnancy and many other pathologies, the names of which are scary to even read for people far from medicine.
Modern surgery is aimed at minimizing the consequences of the pathological process and subsequent treatment, new ways of accessing organs and suturing techniques are being developed. This helps to avoid cosmetic defects, as well as limit the doctor's contact with the internal environment of the body and, as a result, prevent the appearance of adhesions.
Vascular surgeon: who is it and what does it treat?
All organs of our body receive nutrients and oxygen thanks to an extensive network of blood vessels. But quite often this system fails, and then a person is diagnosed with a heart attack, stroke, thromboembolism, varicose veins or organ necrosis. In such a situation, a vascular surgeon can help a person. Who is it and what is the cure? This is a narrow specialist who deals with surgical treatment of vascular diseases.
They do not have a separate body part, as arteries, veins and capillaries are literally presenteverywhere. Therefore, one often sees how vascular and thoracic surgeons work in the same operating room. Do not disdain their help and traumatologists, and specialists in abdominal surgery, and many others. In addition, their competence includes such diagnostic manipulations as coronary angiography, angio- and phlebography.
Oral and maxillofacial surgeon: what treats?
Dentists also have their own surgical specialist. Of course, such a doctor deals not only with teeth and jaws. It can come to the aid of ophthalmologists, neurosurgeons and traumatologists.
What does a maxillofacial surgeon do, what does he treat? He is in charge of inflammatory diseases of organs, tissues and bones of the face and neck, injuries in this area, oncological processes, congenital and acquired defects. Often doctors in this speci alty work with plastic surgeons.
Neurosurgery
What does a surgeon in this area treat? He deals with pathologies of the most complex, but at the same time interesting system - the nervous system. It includes the spinal cord and brain, as well as all peripheral nerve endings.
As a separate speci alty, this discipline appeared only at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, but even the ancient Incas were engaged in trepanations, and the Egyptians, when mummifying their rulers, used transnasal access to extract the brain. Modern neurosurgery is, of course, more advanced. Doctors have learned how to stitch nerves, remove parts of the brain without visibleconsequences, restore mobility after paralysis and extract tumors of almost any localization.
Science does not stand still in this area. Surgeons are trying to find new solutions to the problem of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, as well as stimulation of nerve cell division.
Surgery in Otorhinolaryngology
What does an otolaryngologist surgeon treat? Something that a therapist of the same speci alty cannot cure. As a rule, these are pathologies of the external and middle ear, nose, throat and larynx. He is in charge of all kinds of background and obligate precancerous conditions, removal of tonsils and tonsils, elimination of the cause of airway obstruction, extraction of foreign bodies.
It often happens that a doctor combines therapeutic and surgical direction in this speci alty. This improves the quality of care and speeds it up. You can meet them both in the clinic and in the hospital of multidisciplinary hospitals that provide highly qualified care.
Plastic surgery
Many people are dissatisfied with the appearance that nature has given them. They strive to correct it or radically change it. And it also happens that cosmetic defects appear after an illness or overly traumatic treatment. In such situations, plastic surgeons come to the rescue. What does a surgeon of this speci alty treat?
As a rule, he creates, not heals. Thanks to his skill, people get the desired shape, lips and breasts increase, extra pounds and wrinkles disappear. AtIf desired, you can even change the shape of the face, the shape of the nose, skin color, even gender. But first of all, the task of this surgeon is to understand the reasons that prompted a person to decide on an operation, and to convince him that he is already beautiful.
Traumatology
What else would a surgeon do? What does a traumatologist treat? The answer to this question is quite obvious - bone damage. We get hurt all our lives. Some of them heal on their own and do not require our attention, but sometimes we still have to seek medical help.
In hospitals there are special departments - emergency rooms, where people come or come with injuries. There they are met by a doctor who, after a thorough examination and radiography, finds out whether there is damage to the bones or not. And then a person is waiting for either a happy return home, or a plaster cast in the manipulation room. In severe cases, the patient is transported to the operating room and there the fragments are fastened with metal screws, knitting needles or staples. Such measures are necessary for the bones to heal properly.
Traumatologists work closely with other surgeons such as orthopedists, neurosurgeons, maxillofacial surgeons, sports and military field doctors.
Surgery in outpatient clinic
What does a surgeon treat in a polyclinic, because there is neither amazing equipment, nor a team of assistants of various stripes, nor even a place for operations. First of all, in the clinic, the surgeon sorts patients into those who canhelp at home or in the outpatient clinic, and those who need to go to the hospital for further treatment.
To do this, he conducts a thorough survey and examination of the person who turned to him for help, prescribes laboratory and instrumental examinations. And only after a thorough analysis of the information received, the doctor makes a decision regarding further treatment.
Besides, it is in charge of patients who are recovering after being discharged from the department. They should not be overlooked, as many require lengthy dressings and consultations.
The second task of the surgeon in the clinic is to treat patients. It can be both operational and non-operational. If necessary, the doctor can perform minor operations, such as opening boils and carbuncles, performing primary surgical treatment of incised and bitten wounds, removing splinters, and much more.
