Often, people are forced to seek help with complaints of pain in the abdomen. After the examination, one of the possible diagnoses may be biliary dyskinesia (BBD). What this disease is, how it manifests itself and how it is treated is described in the article. There is also a list of necessary drugs and reviews on their use.
Description of disease
Biliary dyskinesia in children and adults is a disease caused by malfunctions of the ducts and gallbladder, due to which bile enters the duodenum in an inferior amount. In the presence of dyskinesia, structural changes in the body are not visible.
In patients with this pathology, there is insufficient or extremely rapid contraction of the muscles of the gallbladder. Violation of the process leads to the entry into the duodenum of a minimum amount of bile (produced by the liver, it is located in the gallbladder and inin a he althy state, it splashes into the intestines, where it helps to break down fats that enter the body with food). If the activity of the bile ducts is disturbed, the bile returns back and causes discomfort.
When food enters the small intestine, its walls begin to produce cholecystokinin, a hormone associated with receptors located in the muscles of the gallbladder. The result of the correct joint activity of the stomach and intestines is a reaction, after which bile does not remain and is excreted into the small intestine. If the gallbladder does not function properly, this process is disrupted and symptoms of biliary dyskinesia appear.
According to statistics, signs of the disease are observed more often in women than in men, aged 20 to 40 years. Often, persons who have congenital anomalies in the work of the biliary system become a risk factor.
Types of diseases
In order for food to be successfully digested and assimilated in the body, all organs and systems must work correctly. With the described disease, the patient may experience one of the following conditions:
- sphincters, which are located in the bile ducts, do not relax in a timely manner, which causes an increase in the concentration of fluid in the body;
- sphincters may not relax at all or retain bile, resulting in bowel dysfunction and upset;
- gall bladder may contract with more force than necessary;
- gall bladderdoes not contract enough, resulting in slower fluid outflow.
Classification of the type of biliary dyskinesia depends on the principle by which the contraction of the gallbladder and the work of the sphincters. There are such varieties of these processes:
- Hypermotor dyskinesia - contraction of the organ has a sharp and rapid character. This type of disease occurs mainly in middle-aged people.
- Hypotonic biliary dyskinesia - contractions are sluggish and slow. With this type of disease, the functional activity of the gallbladder is significantly reduced. Statistics show that this type is inherent in patients over 45 with typical disorders of the nervous system.
Pathology of the biliary tract can either be at the initial stage or be chronic. Depending on this, the disease is divided into the following types:
- primary stage - dyskinesia appears against the background of congenital anomalies and disorders in the structure of the biliary tract;
- secondary stage - the disease appears throughout life after pathologies and disorders of the digestive tract.
Symptoms of pathology
In most cases, the symptoms of biliary dyskinesia in adults are quite pronounced, so that specialists do not have problems with diagnosis.
Main signs of JVP:
Pain in the ribs on the right side and bile ducts
- Hyperactive contraction of the gallbladderaccompanied by sharp attacks of pain with tingling in the shoulder blade or right forearm. This process occurs as a result of heavy physical exertion and abundant consumption of fatty foods.
- The contraction of the gallbladder at a reduced rate is characterized by dull and aching pain. At the same time, most patients complain that the ribs on the right side seem to be “bursting” from the inside.
- Biliary colic - sudden and intense pain, often accompanied by a rapid heartbeat with an increase in blood pressure. The nature of the pain is very strong, due to which patients feel a sense of fear that such attacks can be fatal.
2. Cholestatic syndrome - painful sensations appear in the liver and bile ducts.
- Jaundice, in which the skin and mucous membranes take on various shades of yellow.
- The liver increases in size: in the advanced stages of the disease, the patient has the opportunity to independently probe the organ.
- Discoloration of feces: feces become a pronounced light yellow color.
- Change in the color of urine: the liquid turns into a characteristic brown hue.
- Itching on the skin without a specific location.
3. Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and the digestive system.
- Bloating that is systematic.
- Complete or partial lack of appetite.
- Vomiting and bouts of nausea.
- Foul smell from mouth.
- Taste of bitterness on the tongue.
- Defectivesalivation, resulting in dry mouth.
4. Mental disorders and neuroses (initial stage).
- Insomnia and frequent irritability for no apparent reason.
- Excessive sweating.
- Permanent feeling of tiredness.
- Pain in the head with a periodic character.
All of these signs do not appear at the same time, because they are inherent in different types of gallbladder dyskinesia. But with the manifestation of any symptoms of biliary dyskinesia in adults, it is important to entrust treatment only to a qualified specialist.
Causes of disease development
From the point of view of modern medicine, JVP refers to impaired functioning of the biliary tract and liver. The main components that lead to imbalance and disruption of he althy processes are excessive consumption of spicy, s alty, fried or fatty foods, alcohol abuse and mental disorders of the body.
If we talk about the fact that this disease has a primary stage, then the reason for the occurrence of biliary dyskinesia in children and the adult generation are:
- narrowing the size and volume of the gallbladder;
- an increase in the ducts that distill bile;
- increased pressure on the septum and constriction located near the gallbladder.
These causes can be identified in the early stages of the disease, as they are congenital. To avoid the manifestation of pathology at an older age will allow regularexamination in childhood and adolescence.
Symptoms of biliary dyskinesia in the secondary stage appear against the background of the presence of factors such as gastritis, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, duodenitis, hepatitis and hypothyroidism.
The most important factor that often causes the manifestation of dyskinesia is a predisposition to mental disorders. Psychoses from which the patient suffers must be treated immediately until the patient is fully recovered.
Disturbances in the functioning of the digestive system, inflammatory processes of organs and mental disorders cannot be the only causes that contribute to the occurrence of JVP.
At the initial and secondary stages, doctors identify other possible causes of the disease:
- intestinal diseases that are chronic infectious;
- genetic inheritance: JVP can be inherited from older to younger generations;
- helminthic infectious diseases: the presence of flat and round helminths in the body leads to the appearance of dyskinesia;
- Vegetovascular dystonia: the disease affects certain parts of the nervous system responsible for the full functioning of the digestive organs.
In modern medicine, cases are not ruled out when indirect signs of the disease appeared against the background of stage 2 obesity, an inactive lifestyle, strong physical exertion and psycho-emotional breakdowns.
Diagnosis of disease
No doctor will be able to correctly diagnose the disease, relying directly on the indirect signs and symptoms of JVP. To establish the correct diagnosis and prescribe a full-fledged complex for the treatment of biliary dyskinesia in adults, the following steps must be taken:
- perform a full patient survey, during which the timing of the onset and nature of symptoms are established;
- to collect diagnostics of the patient's past diseases: what diseases were transferred at an earlier age, what diseases are hereditary, indications for the presence of benign or malignant tumors in the patient or his relatives;
- examine the place of work: check it for toxic substances and general working conditions;
- conduct a physiological examination, check the patient's skin for spots or yellow skin and examine the entire body: is there obesity and is the liver well visible;
- assign laboratory examinations: a stage that includes a general clinical and biochemical blood test, urine and feces tests, markers for the presence of hepatitis.
Based on the above studies, the doctor can make a primary diagnosis, but in order to fully confirm and prescribe the treatment of biliary dyskinesia with drugs, the patient must undergo an instrumental examination of the body:
- Ultrasound examination of the peritoneum, gallbladder with ducts. The examination helps the doctor understand what size the gallbladder has.bladder, its paths, whether inflammation and neoplasms are present.
- Sounding of the stomach and intestines. Conducted to take fluid samples for analysis.
- Cholecystography with contrast agent - x-ray examination.
- Scintigraphy. The method is innovative and consists in the introduction of isotopes into the body, with the help of which the necessary zone is visualized.
Treatment of dyskinesia
When the symptoms of the disease are detected in time, the treatment, as a rule, provides a favorable outcome of the disease. A full range of treatment procedures for dyskinesia is aimed at ensuring a full outflow of bile from the liver. Drug treatment, although it plays a decisive role, will be incomplete without additional actions. Treatment of biliary dyskinesia consists of the following set of measures:
1. Drawing up a special daily routine and its full observance:
- the right balance of physical activity and rest, he althy sleep for at least eight hours a day;
- systematic outdoor walks;
- When sedentary work should do light gymnastics (tilts and turns of the body) every two to three hours.
2. Following a strict diet:
- completely eliminate spicy, fatty, smoked foods and canned foods from the diet;
- minimize s alt intake (daily intake should be no more than 3 grams);
- regularly consume mineralwater;
- meals (small fractional meals) should be increased to 7-8 times a day.
3. Medicines and medical treatment (taken by doctor's prescription):
- excessive use of choleretic drugs;
- use of enzymatic and cholespasmolytic drugs.
Drugs for biliary dyskinesia are a large group of medicines that are designed to normalize the work of the bile ducts, as well as prevent stagnation of bile.
All these drugs are divided into the following groups:
Choleretics - stimulate the secretory function of the liver and differ in composition and mode of action on the body:
- Plant substances, which are based on herbs and extracts from plants. For example, Flamin.
- Medicines based on animals. For example, "Allohol".
- Synthetic drugs. For example, Ursosan.
2. Cholekinetics - choleretic drugs to eliminate pain and normalize the functioning of the gallbladder:
- "Holosas" is a preparation based on natural ingredients, which contains rose hips, malic and citric acids, as well as a vitamin complex.
- "Magnesium Sulfate" is a choleretic drug that additionally has a laxative effect.
- "Oxafenamide" - a drug to drive bile and eliminate pain.
3. Other drugs. As a rule, the treatment of pathology requires the use of non-specific groups of medicines:
- Cholespasmolytics: No-shpa, Papaverine, Iberogast, Odeston.
- Laxatives: Purgen, Bisacodyl. They are contraindicated if the patient has a tendency to bowel disorders.
Folk methods in the treatment of dyskinesia
The use of drug treatment can be accompanied by folk methods. Therefore, each patient should be aware of how to treat biliary dyskinesia in the "grandmother's" way.
Hypertensive type of disease involves the use of such fees to reduce hyperfunction of the gallbladder:
- herbal infusions of mint, corn stigmas, immortelle, barberry;
- rosehip decoction combined with herbs.
Treatment of biliary dyskinesia with hypomotor type of disease includes:
- preparing and using special decoctions of herbs (calendula, chamomile, marshmallow, elecampane, sage);
- use of linseed oil;
- applying a cold heating pad or compress to the ribs to relieve pain from mild contractions of the gallbladder;
- drinking a glass of milk with the addition of carrot juice, the procedure is performed for 30 days in the morning;
- an enema with the addition of corn oil (1 tablespoon per 1 liter of warm water (for disease prevention).
Effective is the treatment of diseases with juices:
- recommended for a month to drink fresh juice before eating;
- carrot juice,cucumber, beetroot (mix in equal proportions);
- mixture of honey and apple juice;
- a glass of a mixture of cabbage pickle and tomato juice (after a meal).
Prevention and dietary nutrition
Biliary dyskinesia is a dangerous disease. To prevent it, doctors recommend excluding neurological disorders, protecting the body from stressful situations, and ensuring proper diet and sleep. Engage in outdoor activities.
If the disease is still present or the treatment is at the final stage, then it is recommended:
- purification of the gallbladder by taking special drugs;
- periodic probing to cleanse the duodenum;
- acupressure;
- electrophoresis.
Doctors pay special attention to the diet for biliary dyskinesia, which includes the following items:
- Ensure a proportional meal throughout the day. Thanks to this, the body will get used to the regimen and will establish the interaction of all systems and organs.
- All dishes must be cooked in the following thermal modes: baking or broth. It is necessary to completely abandon the fried and control the amount of s alt that enters the body.
- Eat food only warm. Cold foods can cause bile duct spasms.
- Eat daily fruits, vegetables, you can make juices. You also need to eat greens.
The following foods are allowed:
- diluted juices and fresh juices;
- from sweets you can eat jam, marshmallow, marshmallow, marmalade, caramel and honey;
- drink weak tea;
- eat only ripe and sweet fruits, berries;
- prefer yesterday's bread;
- a small amount of butter is allowed;
- you can sunflower and olive oil;
- replace regular cookies with biscuits;
- hard-boiled eggs and steamed omelettes;
- porridges (rice, buckwheat) are recommended to be boiled in milk and water;
- sour-milk products of zero or reduced fat content are allowed;
- vegetarian (vegetable), milk soups or low-fat borscht.
Complications of the disease
With proper treatment, started in the early stages of the disease, the pathology has a successful outcome and does not pose a threat to the life of the patient. But untimely treatment for symptoms of biliary dyskinesia or insufficient therapy, neglect of the doctor's recommendations, complications may begin:
- inflammation of the gallbladder - chronic cholecystitis, which accompanies the patient for more than 6 months;
- cholelithiasis - the formation of stones in the gallbladder;
- skin diseases and dermatitis;
- inflammation of the digestive tract - pancreatitis, duodenitis.
These diseases, although they do not pose a threat to human life, but if the symptoms are ignored and the disease passes into the chronic stage, the state of he althmay worsen, and in the process lead to disability. It is not recommended to neglect the advice of doctors in the treatment of biliary dyskinesia in adults. For the timely detection of signs of the presence of the disease, it is necessary to conduct examinations in time and take preventive actions aimed at eliminating the primary causes of malfunctions of the gallbladder function.
Treatment reviews
One of the most common diseases in the practice of gastroenterologists is biliary dyskinesia. Reviews about the treatment of this disease can be found different. In many ways, people say that the specificity and success of therapy depends on the qualifications of the doctor.
Patients note the following features in the treatment and diagnosis of the disease:
1. Often a visit to a doctor led to a similar diagnosis with the following symptoms:
- nausea (sometimes night vomiting);
- abdominal pain;
- stool disorder.
2. All patients note the need to follow a diet for at least six months after the end of treatment, as well as during therapy:
- excluded sweet, smoked, carbonated water and similar products;
- patients prefer steamed or oven-cooked food.
3. Some patients note that following a strict diet is effective during exacerbations, at other times it is important to simply observe food restrictions.
4. Therapy of biliary dyskinesiadrugs are administered in courses.
5. Full recovery does not occur, there is a risk of exacerbations.
6. When treating a disease in a child, it is necessary to ensure a calm environment in the family, protect him from infectious diseases and strictly follow all the recommendations of the pediatrician.
7. Some patients in the reviews note the ineffectiveness of the treatment, and during their additional examination, Giardia was found in the body and a different course of therapy was prescribed.
It can be said that a disease such as biliary dyskinesia worries a large part of the population. As a rule, people seek specialized help when the pathology is already becoming chronic. In this case, the treatment is lengthy and requires patience from the patient.
