In young children, dyspepsia, dyskinesia, lack of enzymes, belching and gastrointestinal dysfunction are the most common problems of the digestive system. Infants and children younger than one year of age are most likely to develop this condition. Knowing the symptoms of dyspepsia, you can understand in time that something is wrong with the he alth of the child, and seek help from a qualified doctor.
Nuances and anatomy
Dyspepsia syndrome in children of one year of age is explained by anatomical nuances, in particular, how defecation occurs. Constipation, diarrhea, characteristic of babies, are very different from the pathological condition that worries an adult. At the age of one month (and earlier), the child should have stool 4-5 times a day. At the age of one, this number corresponds to the number of meals, but not more than six. In infants, for the first six months, the substance looks like gruel. From six months to one year of age, the chair becomes decorated, although for some it happens later. In the absence of impurities and the normal state of the child, this phenomenon is the norm.
Simple dyspepsia in a child is a condition of prolonged diarrhea. Diarrhea in babies is considered frequent (more than six) bowel movements with a liquid substance (thinner than normal). Features of the substance (hue, consistency, presence of foreign elements) depend on the diet of the child, age. If the baby is breastfed, the discharge should be light brownish, homogeneous, similar to gruel. They do not have a pungent odor or the presence of impurities. Feeding an artificial product is the cause of a yellowish tint, a sour smell. Pathology is indicated by the appearance in the secretions of blood inclusions, mucous membranes. Possible whitish lumps. A baby can be considered unhe althy if the discharge is too liquid.
Terms and phenomena
Dyspepsia in a child is observed if the baby is fed too much or too little, they use food that is not suitable for the child. The disease is not associated with an infectious invasion, it is alimentary in nature. Diarrhea is explained by violations of feeding. In most cases, the phenomenon occurs because complementary foods are given too early or given very large volumes, products are used incorrectly. In some cases, the reason is too large volumes of milk mixtures ingested. It is very difficult to overfeed with natural mother's milk, so this cause of dyspepsia is extremely rare in medical practice.
Finding out all the features of the pathological condition, methods of treatment, symptoms of dyspepsia in children, the causes of the phenomenon, doctors found that the problem is often due to the use of an unadapted product. Wrongthe choice of formula can lead to extremely negative consequences, especially at a tender age.
What to look out for?
Dyspepsia in a child can begin if the food is given insufficiently well-cooked, improperly processed foods or batteries that are incompatible with each other. The probability of a pathological condition is higher if the baby is not properly cared for, careless about hygiene. This primarily concerns the stage of cooking, but overheating, hypothermia, excessively tight diapers can play a role.
The risk group for steatorrhea, fermentative, toxic dyspepsia in children includes premature babies and those with genetically determined metabolic problems inherited from birth. Higher danger for children whose weight is less than normal, as well as for those suffering from rickets.
Rules and consequences of neglecting them
Treatment of dyspepsia in a child is usually required with improper feeding, insufficiently careful processing of food. Therapy will also be needed if adults give the child products that the digestive system cannot cope with due to its underdevelopment. All this stimulates the disruption of enzyme systems, which in all small children are defective due to age. It is customary to talk about three variants of dyspepsia: fermentative, putrefactive, steatorrhea.
Forms and types
Fermentative dyspepsia in a child is observed if an excessively large amount of carbohydrates enters the body with food. It's peculiarconsumption of excess food. Most often, overfeeding occurs with artificial nutrition, mashed vegetables and fruits. The structures are not broken down in the digestive system, which leads to active peristalsis, which manifests itself as diarrhea.
Putrid dyspepsia in children occurs if an excess of protein structures comes with food. If there are too many proteins in the digestive system, complete breakdown is impossible, and putrefactive processes are activated under the influence of molecules. These are localized in the intestinal tract and lead to the production of toxic substances. Skatol, indole, acetic acid enter tissues and organs. Such substances irritate the receptors located on the intestinal mucous membranes, due to which the peristalsis of the organ is activated. The child suffers from abundant and frequent loose stools, he vomits, the intestinal glands produce much more mucus than normal.
Wrapping Up
Steatorrhea is such dyspepsia in a child, whose distinguishing feature is an excess of fatty structures in the discharge during bowel movements. The phenomenon can be disturbing if the baby is given too fatty food. The process is explained by the inability of the chemicals contained in the digestive tract to completely break down these fats. During the reaction, fatty soap acids are formed, due to which the secretions get a shine and a yellowish tint. Such a substance is secreted abundantly, it is quite fatty. It is not difficult to notice steatorrhea if you follow the child: it is problematic to clean the potty, the diaper from the secretions.
Signs andmanifestations
Symptoms of fermentative dyspepsia in children, putrefactive, oily, are often rather mild. The child either does not vomit at all, or this is observed, but quite rarely. Stool with dyspepsia more often than normal, but not more than ten times a day. As a rule, the therapeutic course is practiced in a hospital.
If the manifestations are accompanied by copious discharge, the baby often vomits, dehydration of the body is observed, the condition becomes severe, it makes sense to suspect the infectious nature of the disease.
Before an attack of diarrhea, the child is worried, crying. Against the background of dyspepsia, appetite worsens, a complete refusal of food is possible. Usually the temperature is kept within the normal range, possibly increasing to subfebrile. If the child vomits, then either immediately after eating, or one and a half to two hours after the feeding procedure.
Chair: special attention
The key manifestation of dyspepsia in a child is a violation of the stool. Allocations are frequent, liquid. The fermentative form of the pathological condition is most often observed. It manifests itself as liquid secretions. Defecation occurs 5-8 times a day. The hue of the discharge is greenish, the inclusion of mucous components, whitish lumps is possible. Visually, the substance resembles chopped boiled eggs.
The shade of the stool is due to incorrect reactions involving bile enzymes. Whitish inclusions are soap derivatives of fatty acids. If the condition is very severe, toxic substances accumulate in the intestinal tract, which causes enter altoxicosis. At the same time, the discharge is watery, feces are present in the liquid in flakes.
Nuances of symptoms
Fermentative dyspepsia in a child causes active gas production, and the walls of the intestinal tract stretch. This can stimulate soreness in the abdomen. The baby is worried, a visual examination allows you to notice a slight bloating. Rumbling in the intestinal tract is distinguishable with the use of a phonendoscope, but even without it, sounds can sometimes be heard. Pain in the abdomen disappears when gases pass - after that the baby calms down.
In most cases, the child's condition is satisfactory. Dehydration leads to dryness and blanching of the skin, a white coating is observed on the tongue. Especially responsible treatment of fermentative dyspepsia in a child is necessary if the pathological condition causes severe disorders. This is possible if the case is complicated by infection with pathological microflora, but in practice this is very rare. If the child is not helped, the symptoms of poisoning gradually increase, active diarrhea and vomiting are possible. The child is generally lethargic, the skin is dry, the leaching of s alts from the body can cause convulsions.
What to do?
Treatment of dyspepsia in children begins with determining the exact nature of the pathological condition. First, it is necessary to exclude infectious invasion. This can only be done in a hospital setting, so a therapeutic course is not chosen without the consent of the doctor. If the form is mild, the absence of infection is confirmed, the doctor develops a program for correcting the condition inat home.
The first step in therapy is choosing the right nutrition program. Cancel the food that caused the pathology. One or two feeding procedures are replaced with a tea, water break, and the volumes of other meals are reduced. On the first day of treatment, the child is given up to 70 ml of mother's milk at a time, that is, each feeding lasts no more than four minutes. If artificial products are used, only adapted products may be used. Preference is given to sour milk. No more than 70 ml of food should be consumed per procedure.
Nutrition: what to look out for?
In case of dyspepsia during the tea break, it is necessary to feed the child not with milk or an artificial mixture, but with glucose-s alt liquids. You can use a five percent glucose solution, isotonic sodium chloride, rehydron. Small children are allowed green tea and rice water with carrot juice, pure rice water. Pectins obtained from carrots are able to absorb toxic components localized in the intestinal tract, gas molecules and other substances generated during incomplete breakdown of products. Mucus of rice, starch envelop the mucous membranes, protect the walls of the intestinal tract from the aggressive effects of toxic substances, stimulate regeneration.
At home, the child can be fed with carrot soup. Half a kilogram of carrots is added to a liter of pure liquid and boiled for half an hour. S alt the soup with three grams of s alt. Boiled carrots are crushed into puree through a sieve and liquid is added to the gruel until the total volume is equal to a liter. If athe child vomits, such a product is used in a teaspoon every 5-10 minutes. The daily norm of liquid is 150 ml/kg.
If the baby does not vomit, the diarrhea weakens, the condition gradually improves, you can increase the amount of food. The previous meals lead on average on the sixth day. The introduction of complementary foods should be slow, gradual, smooth. For the first time complementary foods can be given two weeks after the development of dyspepsia, sometimes later. When choosing complementary foods, it is necessary to use products that are better tolerated by the child than others.
Medication assistance
To stimulate the digestive processes, sometimes doctors prescribe enzyme preparations. Children can be prescribed pancreatin powder or Creon. The means "Prolipase", "Pantsitrat" have proven themselves well. They contain microscopic capsules of active compounds. Substances have proven to be safe, reliable, effective. True, they are quite expensive, not every family can afford them. If it is not possible to purchase such an expensive product, you should look at traditional enzyme preparations, the instructions of which indicate that they are suitable for children. The most affordable options are pancreatin powder or uncoated tablets.
Enzymatic dragees are presented in bags - "Festal", "Mezim". They should not be used, since products for adults have been developed that are not adapted to the body of babies. Quite often, Smecta is used to treat adults and children. The active components of the drug envelop and protect the intestinal mucosa,suck dangerous and harmful compounds from the tract. One-year-old children are recommended to use one sachet for a day, divided into several procedures. The drug is dissolved in boiled liquid or a solution of s alts and glucose. You can use rice water to dilute the powder.
Than to treat: what else will help?
To quickly cleanse the baby's body of dangerous, toxic substances, products formed during incomplete digestion, various sorbents are used. In pharmacies, Enterosgel and Polyphepan are presented in abundance. The simplest and most affordable sorbent available in the medicine cabinet of almost any person is activated charcoal. It is better to entrust the choice in favor of a particular option to a doctor: excessive and improper use can be harmful to the body, even if this is the safest remedy.
If a child has exceptionally strong gas formation, a tube can be installed in the hospital to remove air masses. To relieve pain in the stomach area, you can prescribe antispasmodics. The classic drug is called "Papaverine", the popular "No-Shpa" is made on the same active ingredient.
Nuances and treatment
In alimentary dyspepsia, antimicrobial therapy is ineffective and is not indicated. After correcting the pathological condition, it is necessary to include live cultures in the child's diet. They are rich in special preparations - Linex and Bifidumbacterin.
If the condition is assessed as moderate or severe, there isthe risk of dehydration of the body, the baby is left for treatment in a hospital. Solutions of glucose and s alt components are poured into a vein of a sick child. Doctors monitor the baby's condition, prescribe symptomatic therapy, if necessary.
