Today, benign neoplasms are often found in gynecology, they are diagnosed in 15% of women of reproductive age. The reasons for the development of such a pathology as a uterine cyst may be different. By itself, the neoplasm does not pose a threat to human he alth or life, it does not affect the hormonal system, the course of pregnancy and intrauterine development of the fetus. The cyst almost never transforms into a cancerous tumor and does not spread to he althy tissues and organs, and also does not affect the menstrual cycle. But the danger is the bacteria that accumulate in it, so this pathology requires effective therapy.
Characteristics and description of the problem
A uterine cyst is a benign formation that forms when the mucus-producing glands of the cervix become enlarged and blocked as a result. Pathologies such as cervicitis and endocervicitis contribute to blockage of the glands.
A cyst is a yellow vesicle filled with fluid. By dividingneoplasm cells are prone to growth. This pathology is often asymptomatic, therefore it is detected in the later stages of development during a gynecological examination.
Some women don't know the difference between a cyst and uterine fibroids. Myoma also acts as a benign formation, but it does not have a cavity and is formed from the myometrium. It also tends to grow but never penetrates nearby tissues.
A cyst can have different sizes, but it does not provoke the development of cancerous neoplasms, kyphotic follicles and does not affect the hormonal background of a woman.
Causes of cyst formation
The exact causes of the development of pathology are difficult to establish. In medicine, it is customary to highlight factors that can provoke the formation of cysts:
- Parental activity, in which the cervix was injured. The rapid healing of a wound can cause blockage of the glands due to a breakdown in their functionality and the formation of a neoplasm.
- Abortions that were performed unprofessionally, resulting in a cyst as a complication.
- The period of menopause, in which the lining of the uterus becomes thinner, the functioning of the glands is disrupted. All this leads to an increase in vulnerability and an acute response to any stimuli. The glands begin to produce a large amount of mucus, which clogs the ducts, contributing to the development of cysts.
- Infectious diseases, STDs. The inflammatory process contributes to blockage of the ducts of the glands.
- Useintrauterine device. In this case, the risk of injury to the uterus increases.
- Disruption of the hormonal and endocrine systems.
- Inflammation of the uterine appendages.
- Presence of congenital pseudo-erosion.
These phenomena cannot fully guarantee the development of pathology.
Naboth cysts
In medicine, there are several varieties of cysts. Naboth cyst of the uterus is a small formation that is localized in the vaginal part of the uterus. This pathology received its name from the author Nabotov, who first described this problem. The reasons for the development of this disease are unknown. Some doctors tend to believe that the neoplasm is formed due to chronic inflammation of the genitourinary system, hormonal disorders and erosions. This disease is usually observed in women from twenty-five to forty-five years. It is characterized by blockage of the ducts of the glands by the epithelium, as a result of which the gland increases, a large amount of mucus accumulates in it, which causes the development of a cyst. With an increase in the size of the neoplasm, surgical intervention is required.
Retention cyst
Retention cysts of the cervix occur as a result of inflammatory and infectious diseases, trauma during labor or abortion. The disease is asymptomatic and is diagnosed incidentally. Often, the pathology is congenital and can begin to develop at any age if the endocrine and exocrine systems are disrupted.
Retention cysts of the cervix are formed when the channel is clogged with a secret, scar or other foreign body, as a result of which the outflow of mucus is disturbed. This pathology can be of several types:
- Traumatic cysts develop as a result of tissue damage and displacement.
- Parasitic cysts form as a complication of a parasitic disease.
- Tumor cyst develops with abnormal development of the tumor process.
- Dysontogenetic cysts are formed due to congenital individual pathologies.
Endometrioid cyst and multiple neoplasms
Endometrioid cyst doctors distinguish one of the varieties of the disease. It is formed with blockage and enlargement of the glands in the areas of the endometrium. The affected tissue periodically bleeds, a bloody fluid accumulates in the cyst, in which pathogenic bacteria often accumulate. Because of this, the color of the neoplasm becomes cyanotic.
Normally, endometrial cells multiply when a woman's body prepares for fertilization. If this does not happen, they are rejected and excreted from the body during menstruation. These cells are characterized by the fact that they tend to take root in other he althy tissues. When they adhere to the cervix, they form a cyst.
Multiple uterine cysts are formed due to the overflow of the natal glands with epithelial scales, while the outflow is not observed, as a result of which the glands increase in size. Such neoplasms can reach sizes up to eleven millimeters.
Symptoms of the disease
Uterine cyst, the symptoms and treatment of which are currently being considered, is usually diagnosed incidentally. The disease usually does not show signs, does not affect the menstrual cycle, does not cause pain. Pathology is detected during a gynecological examination. It has the appearance of a white formation up to three millimeters in size. If a woman has an endometrioid cyst, there may be a small discharge of blood two or three days before the onset of menstruation or after intercourse.
As the tumor grows, a woman may experience the following symptoms:
- intermenstrual bleeding;
- pain in the abdomen;
- pain during intercourse;
- discharge of any etiology from the vagina.
These symptoms are also characteristic of other diseases of an inflammatory, infectious and even oncological nature, so it is necessary to be examined by a gynecologist.
Complications and consequences
Many women are interested in what is the danger of a cyst on the uterus. Such a benign neoplasm in itself does not pose a danger to the he alth and life of a woman. It does not affect her hormones in any way. The main danger in this case is the possible addition of a secondary infection, which provokes the development of such inflammatory processes as endocervicitis and cervicitis, colpitis, endometritis, oophoritis or salpingitis. It is these diseases that often become the causes of the development of ectopic pregnancy, as well as infertility. Uterine cyst and pregnancymay be incompatible only when the neoplasm is large, such a phenomenon often provokes a narrowing of the cervical canal, which leads to mechanical infertility. After the growth is removed, a woman can plan to conceive after a certain time. But all these factors cannot be considered as the main reasons for the development of complications. Usually cysts do not affect the course of pregnancy and fetal development. If this pathology is detected during childbearing, its removal is postponed for a month and a half after the birth of the baby.
Survey methods
Pathology is usually detected during a gynecological examination. When a uterine cyst is detected, what to do, the doctor will tell you after a complete examination. To do this, a woman must be tested for STDs, for the presence of cancer cells, undergo ultrasound, colposcopy, and so on. Diagnosis is carried out in order to determine the cause of the development of pathology, as well as the choice of methods of therapy in order to avoid the development of relapse. To do this, the doctor prescribes:
- smear examination for microflora;
- PCR to detect urogenital infections;
- colposcopy;
- cytological examination of scraping from the cervix;
- IFA.
One of the important diagnostic methods in this case is ultrasound. It makes it possible to determine the change in the structure of the cervix, blood supply, to identify the size and location of the neoplasm, as well as its variety. This technique also makes it possible to detect other pathologies. Oftenthis procedure helps the gynecologist choose a method of treating the disease, which will help to completely get rid of the pathology and prevent the risk of relapse.
Therapy
The uterine cyst, the symptoms and treatment of which is described in this article, is usually removed. But some doctors tend to argue that therapy should be carried out using conservative methods. In each case, the doctor chooses the most appropriate method of therapy.
Single neoplasms of small size often require regular monitoring. If they begin to increase in size, the doctor prescribes surgical removal of the uterine cyst.
When using effective therapy, the neoplasm will disappear without a trace, the functionality of the uterus will be restored, there will be no problems with intimate life, conception, bearing and childbirth.
Endometrioid cyst develops due to a violation of the hormonal system, when the level of estrogen increases significantly. In this case, the treatment will be aimed at restoring the hormonal background. To do this, the doctor prescribes oral contraceptives with a low content of estrogen, such as Janine or Jess. Such treatment gives positive results at the initial stage of pathology development. With the progression of the disease, such therapy will not be effective. In this case, it is possible to prescribe progestins, which help to eliminate foci of endometriosis.
Uterine cyst: surgery
Removal of neoplasm takes place on an outpatient basis. The operation is assignedin the first half of the menstrual cycle. The gynecologist pierces each cyst, removes the accumulated fluid. The site of the neoplasm is treated with a special solution so that the cyst does not begin to develop again. In three hours the woman can go home.
Usually there are no complications after surgery. A woman may only feel a slight pain in the abdomen, which subsides after two days, and there is also a slight discharge of blood, which disappears within seven days. Ten days after the operation, the woman is prescribed vaginal suppositories. And a month later they are invited to a scheduled examination.
Methods of surgical intervention
Removal of neoplasm can also be carried out by one of the following methods:
- Moxibustion.
- Radio wave therapy is given to women of reproductive age who plan to conceive in the future.
- Laser therapy.
- Cryofreezing.
Which type of surgical intervention will be chosen depends on the individual characteristics of the woman's body and her age, as well as the size and type of neoplasms.
Forecast
The prognosis of the uterine cyst is favorable. With the addition of a secondary infection, the development of various inflammatory gynecological diseases is possible, which can provoke the development of infertility. But usually it does not come to this, since modern medicine has many methods of treating this pathology.
Prevention
Disease preventionshould consist in the timely detection and treatment of STDs, hormonal disorders, hygiene, sexual intercourse with one regular partner. It is also important to periodically (once a year) undergo examinations by a gynecologist for the purpose of early detection of the disease and its treatment. A woman should avoid abortions and plan pregnancy, eat right, eat foods high in selenium and vitamins, and get rid of bad habits and frequent exposure to direct sunlight.
