FGDS is an endoscopic intervention with a device - a gastroscope. Modern devices are made with the latest technology. They are thinner and more flexible. This makes the procedure easier for patients to tolerate. It has become much more convenient for doctors to make the correct diagnosis, as well as to perform medical manipulations.
How is it done?
The patient lies on his left side, with the help of swallowing movements, a gastroduodenoscope is inserted into the esophagus through the mouth. It is then pushed through with swallowing movements, a flexible gastroscope tube is inserted into the esophagus, and then it is pushed into the stomach and duodenum.
Thanks to this study, a visual assessment of the state of the mucous membranes of organs is possible. During the procedure, ulcers, erosion, inflammation of the mucosa, as well as polyps and tumors are detected. Sampling for histological examination of biological material is allowed.
This procedure can be done both on an inpatient basis and on an outpatient basis.
Dignity of procedure
There are a number of benefits that FGDS provides:
- it becomes possible to determine the cause of painful symptoms;
- consider specific sections of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as the processes occurring in them;
- bleeding (ulcerative) is stopped by applying special sutures or plugging;
- tissue collection for histological examination;
- sighting, at the site of damage to the mucosa, special drugs are introduced;
- sometimes it is necessary to remove foreign bodies, as well as polyps and stones from the pancreatic duct of the duodenum.
All this can be done thanks to FGDS:
- eliminate narrowing, various obstacles at the entrance to the duodenum of the bile duct;
- get rid of narrowing of the esophagus;
- carry out PH-metry (stomach acidity).
This procedure is acceptable for any age when indicated.
The preparation for the examination is important in FGDS. This aspect is very relevant, since if it is carried out incorrectly, the doctor simply will not be able to perform the necessary manipulations. The patient must strictly follow all the necessary recommendations. As a rule, before the study, a conversation is held about the importance of preparing for the procedure in FGDS.
Indications requiring EGD
This procedure is assigned in the following cases:
- abdominal pain that does not disappear on its own;
- dyspeptic phenomena;
- difficulty swallowing due to problems in the esophagus;
- anemia of unknown etiology, especially in cases where various studies have been carried out, but the cause has not been identified;
- drastic weight loss in a short time;
- examination of the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract in the dynamics of treatment;
- exclusion of oncological pathologies.
Contraindications
There are certain situations in which research is not recommended:
- If the patient does not agree to the manipulation (an agreement is signed before the EGD - without this signature, the doctor cannot conduct the study).
- With EGD of the stomach, preparation for the procedure is required. If a person did not have time to fulfill all the recommendations before the manipulation, then the EGD is canceled.
- Patients who have just had a myocardial infarction, who are in a hypertensive crisis - EGD is not recommended.
- If a person has disorders in blood coagulation.
- For burns, scars, deformities of the esophagus.
- Aortic aneurysm.
- Allergic reactions to anesthetic drugs, severe bronchial asthma.
- If the patient has an acute mental disorder.
- Severe condition of the patient, which does not allow preparation for gastric EGD.
Features of preparation
As with any serious research, this procedure must be treated responsibly. If you do not comply with all the necessary conditions before the manipulation, then the doctor simply will not be able to do his job,which means helping the patient. Here are some important recommendations to prepare for EGD of the stomach, which the patient should take into account in his own interests:
- The procedure is performed on an empty stomach. You can eat food eight hours before the manipulation. With problems with digestion - all 12-13 hours.
- If the patient is scheduled for examination in the morning, he should have dinner in the evening three to four hours before bedtime. In other words, if a person is scheduled to arrive at 8 o'clock in the morning, dinner should take place no later than 8 o'clock in the evening. If this rule is violated, undigested food will remain in the stomach by the time of the study, and during the procedure the patient will experience an attack of vomiting. In addition, the food remaining in the stomach will interfere with visual inspection and make diagnosis difficult. It is possible that you will have to repeat the manipulation again.
- If appointment is in the evening, light breakfast is allowed at 08:30 am.
- Be careful during EGD preparation for antibiotics. Be sure to consult a gastroenterologist in advance.
- During the procedure, the doctor may interfere with dentures. Therefore, for EGD preparation of the patient also includes the removal of dentures.
- Before the procedure, you should also stop smoking, as it can cause inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa, feelings of nausea, vomiting.
- Please come to your appointment in loose-fitting clothing that can be easily unbuttoned if necessary.
- Psychological attitude is important. You need to calm down, discard all worries. For the procedure to be carried out,so that the patient hears the doctor and clearly follows all his recommendations.
- At the stage of preparation for EGD, it is necessary to inform the doctor about all concomitant diseases. This question concerns any he alth problems, including chronic ones, as well as possible allergic reactions. This will facilitate and secure the study, as well as help to correctly determine the anesthetics.
- You must bring a referral to FGDS with you to the appointment. If examinations were carried out earlier, then show the doctor their results. Bring a towel with you.
- Preparation for EGD is to inform the gastroenterologist about all the drugs taken.
- Preparation for gastroscopy also involves following a special diet a few days before the study. This contributes to the normalization of the gastrointestinal tract, the removal of painful symptoms, and the reduction of inflammation in uncomplicated gastritis and gastroduodenitis. Thus, a more realistic picture of the ongoing processes in the gastrointestinal tract emerges.
Not to be eaten
The following foods are excluded from the diet three days before the study:
- Heavy to digest foods: raw apples, pears, cherries, plums.
- Acidic foods: peaches, tomatoes, apricots, apples, plums.
- It is strictly forbidden to eat fatty, s alty, smoked and spicy food before manipulation: smoked sausage, lard, barbecue, oily fish, onion, garlic, spices, etc.
- Marinated dishes.
- Very liquid food:borscht, semolina, soup.
- Soda water, as well as juices and alcohol.
- Cold food: aspic, jelly, ice cream.
- Coffee, chocolate.
- Nuts, seeds (pumpkin, sunflower).
- Beans (beans, lentils, peas).
- Sweet buns, bread (especially gray bread).
- Dairy products.
People suffering from peptic ulcer or gastritis must follow a diet, do not eat junk food during the entire exacerbation, as well as in the period between studies without fail. This makes it possible to adequately assess the processes occurring in the gastrointestinal tract, as well as to observe the dynamics of treatment.
What is included in the diet
Before EGD preparation is the following diet:
- Buckwheat porridge, oatmeal, pearl barley and wheat are also allowed. Allowed to use with milk and sugar. The main thing is that the porridge is well cooked.
- You can eat baked vegetables, fruits (apples, zucchini, cabbage).
- Crackers from white bread.
- Low-fat boiled or baked fish.
- Boiled chicken (fillet, white is better).
- Cottage cheese (fat-free).
- Omelet or boiled egg.
- Mineral water, herbal tea, compote, just tap water. It is desirable to use them without honey and sugar.
If a person experiences epigastric pain on any of the listed products, then they should also be discarded. It is better to eat food more often, but a little bit. Optimal - 6 meals a day.
Ifthere is an increased formation of gases, it is necessary to inform the gastroenterologist about this. In such cases, enzyme drugs are used during the entire preparation for EGD.
What absolutely cannot be done on the eve of manipulation
Not Recommended:
- Take medicines (tablets, capsules, syrups).
- Consume alcoholic products.
- Brush your teeth. This may promote mucus production in the digestive tract.
- When preparing for EGD of the stomach and duodenum, do not smoke or chew gum three hours before the study.
- Use perfume.
Allowed before procedure:
- Inject drugs.
- Perform physiotherapy.
- Drink water, tea.
- Non-invasive examinations (ultrasound).
In the morning, three to four hours before the manipulation, it is allowed to drink a glass of mineral water without gases, tea with milk. But the amount of liquid drunk should not exceed 150 milliliters.
Consequences of EGD
After the manipulation, an unpleasant sensation in the throat may remain, it will pass in two to three days. Therefore, it is recommended not to eat for half an hour after the manipulation. Food after the procedure is consumed soft, not injuring the stomach. Usually these are cereals, yogurts, mashed potatoes, light soups, plain water.
Research is very informative, and sometimes simply irreplaceable for medicinal purposes. Therefore, for the sake ofgetting a positive result is worth a little patience. If the patient kept a diet, responsibly approached the examination, then the procedure will go smoothly, with a minimum of unpleasant consequences and memories.
