In Russia, about 15% of couples are considered infertile. If conception does not occur after a year of regular attempts (that is, sex without using contraceptives), then the woman and man need to see a doctor to establish the causes, start treatment and conceive a he althy child. Some couples simply choose the “wrong” time, while others face serious he alth problems.
Signs and symptoms of infertility in girls in some cases can be identified even before entering adolescence, but as a rule, this is possible only after the establishment of the menstrual cycle. Gynecologists generally have great concerns about the tendency for gynecological diseases to appear at an early age. Conclusion: for a daughter to become a mother, you need to pay attention to the general he alth of the girl from birth.
Types of female infertility
Infertility in girls can be primary or secondary. Young girls with problems with the reproductive system are diagnosed with primary infertility, and the category of women who have already become mothers, but have encountered difficulties in conceiving a second baby, is secondary. Infertility can be absolute or relative. The absolute does not imply the restoration of fertility (absence of the uterus or ovaries), the relative requires appropriate treatment.
Classification of the causes of infertility in girls identifies idiopathic, tubal, immune, psychological, hormonal and other types. Immunological in most cases is associated with previous chronic infections of the genital tract. Tubal occurs due to obstruction of the fallopian tubes. The disorder is asymptomatic and usually does not cause any inconvenience to the patient, so it may go unnoticed for a long time.
Endocrine infertility occurs due to dysfunction of the adrenal glands, pituitary gland, ovaries or thyroid gland. If the necessary hormones are not produced in sufficient quantities and at a certain time, then there is a failure in the maturation of eggs. Usually this infertility is temporary. To successfully conceive a child, you need to normalize the hormonal background. Uterine infertility is a consequence of diseases: malformations of the uterus, anomalies in the location of organs, fibroids, cervical pathologies.
Both men and women can be diagnosed with genetic infertility, which is suspected in adolescenceage is not possible. Doctors begin to suspect genetic infertility in case of miscarriage in two or more cases. This may be due to genetic mutations of genes, in addition, taking certain medications, smoking and other bad habits, ionizing radiation can trigger an adverse reaction. If in doubt, consult a geneticist. It is also recommended for all women who are planning a pregnancy over the age of 35.
Psychological infertility occurs in cases unrelated to physiological problems. At least a third of couples cannot conceive a child precisely because of stress, fear of responsibility or future childbirth, fear of losing attractiveness for a spouse or conceiving a child before a certain age. It is recommended to work with a psychologist. Help is usually needed not only for a woman, but also for a man.
When the diagnosis is made
A disappointing diagnosis is given to women who are unable to conceive after a year of regular attempts. At the same time, signs of infertility in a girl may be absent altogether. Yes, and the period of twelve months is completely conditional. The older the woman, the longer it will take for pregnancy to occur. At the same time, problems with conception are not always caused by malfunctions in the work of the female body. Sometimes the reason lies in the disturbed reproductive he alth of a man.
Symptoms of infertility
Symptoms of infertility in girls clearly indicate the presence of he alth problems. Be sure to contact a specialist (even if you are not planning a pregnancy in the near future) in the absence of menstruation or a long cycle, problems with the nervous system, hormonal disorders, the presence of sexually transmitted diseases, miscarriages. A symptom of infertility may be the presence of concomitant chronic diseases.
Some disorders cannot be identified without diagnosis. For example, many pathologies of the ovaries and diseases of the reproductive system are asymptomatic, the same applies to obstruction of the fallopian tubes, chromosomal abnormalities in the eggs, ovarian exhaustion, adhesions, and the like pathologies. It is important to remember that general he alth is necessary for reproductive he alth. Therefore, one should pay attention not only to gynecological problems, but to treat all comorbidities.
Childhood risk factors
Some types of infertility can be identified long before a girl becomes a girl. Reproductive he alth depends on the general, so sometimes the reasons for the failure of young women planning a pregnancy must be sought in early childhood. Frequent illnesses and dysbacteriosis can disrupt the normal microflora of the girl's vagina, and low body weight and lack of subcutaneous fat will not give the body a reserve to bear the child in the future.
In childhood, during medical examination (if the mother does not neglect visits to the pediatric gynecologist with the child), one can detect the absence of the fallopian tubes, pathology of the location of the reproductive organs, and the likeanatomical disorders. Depletion of the ovarian reserve may be a consequence of previous rubella or influenza.
The daughter's reproductive he alth is also affected by the he alth of her mother, diseases suffered during pregnancy, and the presence of bad habits. And many years later, when a young woman is faced with unsuccessful attempts to conceive a child, no one will remember that her mother suffered a severe flu in early gestation.
Signs in adolescence
Signs of infertility in a girl in adolescence can be suspected by several violations. You are more likely to have problems conceiving later in life if your first period occurs at age 16 or later, your menstrual cycle is irregular or lasts more than fifty days. A disappointing diagnosis can also be made for girls who do not have heavy menstrual flow or severe premenstrual syndrome.
Irregularities in the menstrual cycle can be of a different nature, often they are associated with functional insufficiency of the thyroid gland or inflammatory diseases of the genital organs. During adolescence, sexually transmitted diseases may occur. The reasons are the lack of sexual education and ignorance of adolescents. The average age of entry into sexual activity is 14-15 years. However, few girls go to the doctor, think about contraception, have sex with a regular partner, or care about the safety of intimate relationships.
A common cause of infertility that begins as early as adolescence is being underweight or having extra pounds. Girls who seek to lose weight, due to inexperience and youth, resort to methods that cause cycle failures. It causes irreparable harm to the body. When the volume of adipose tissue is reduced by less than 30%, the work of the ovaries is disrupted. If there is too much adipose tissue, then this leads to a cystic change in the organs of the reproductive system, inferiority of ovulation and menstrual irregularities.
Hormonal imbalance
During adolescence, some girls may experience unpleasant changes in appearance. This is often due to a hormonal imbalance. Symptoms of overproduction of male sex hormones are body hair growth, oily skin, and acne. A sign of infertility in a girl may be polycystic ovaries or the presence of adhesions. True, talking about hormonal failure in adolescents is quite difficult, because growing up, in principle, causes an imbalance.
Any phenomena that occur during this period can be considered normal until proven otherwise. We can speak with confidence about violations in cases where there is a pronounced delay in physical development (lack of secondary sexual characteristics) or development according to the type of the opposite sex. Alarming symptoms can be considered drowsiness and constant weakness, anemia, painful menstruation, dystonia, tachycardia.
Menstrual disordersloop
How do you know if a girl is infertile? Only a doctor can accurately confirm the diagnosis based on the results of a comprehensive examination. However, indirect signs of infertility in girls can be considered too short or long menstrual cycle, too heavy or scanty menstruation, severe pain, irregular periods, bleeding between critical days, no menstruation for six months.
Intimate problems
Signs of infertility in girls are some chronic gynecological diseases or pathologies of the vagina (dryness, infections). Chlamydia, for example, without treatment, causes cicatricial damage to the fallopian tubes and inflammation. Latent infection is one of the common causes of female infertility. In order not to face the unpleasant consequences of carelessness in sexual life, you need to use contraception, follow the rules of personal hygiene, have sex with a regular partner, and if you have alarming symptoms, immediately consult a doctor.
Infertility treatments
Infertility treatment today is carried out by several methods. Everything depends on the reasons. If it is not possible to conceive a child due to the presence of general or gynecological diseases, drug therapy is prescribed after diagnosis. Usually after a course of treatment it is possible to become pregnant. In some cases, only surgical treatment is possible. If nothing helps, but anatomically a woman can become pregnant (there are reproductive organs), then it is possibleartificial insemination (IVF).
