Today we will try to understand one abbreviation that inspires fear in many parents. ZPR - what is it? Is this condition correctable?
ZPR stands for mental retardation. I wonder how the doctor determines this? By the way, it's not uncommon for these three letters to appear in the chart of an observed child.
What exactly does a diagnosis of mental retardation include
Recently, the problem of ZPR has been of keen interest. After all, in fact, such a diagnosis is too ambiguous. Behind it is a mass of various prerequisites and reasons that caused this deviation. As a rule, we are not talking about severe underdevelopment of speech, motor functions or vision and hearing. The problem lies precisely in the difficulties for a particular child in learning and adapting in a particular environment, caused by a slowdown in the development of the psyche. For each child, it manifests itself in different ways, differing in time and degree of manifestations.
How to determine the ZPR: what is it for an individual child
Delaydevelopment is manifested most clearly in the immaturity of the emotional-volitional sphere. It is difficult for a child to force himself to do something. And this inevitably leads to a violation of attention: it turns out to be unstable, the child is easily distracted, cannot concentrate on one lesson. To this, as a rule, one more symptom characteristic of mental retardation is added: speech and motor activity.
In medicine, this is referred to as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: the child spins, cannot stand still, is not able to wait for the turn in the game, answers without listening to the end of the question, he cannot speak or play quietly.
Impaired thinking and speech in mental retardation
What is it - now it's clear. ZPR is often expressed in the rate of speech development. As a rule, a child with this problem in communication pays more attention to gestures and intonation, having a limited vocabulary. Violations in this case are reversible, amenable to correction. Every year the child catches up with his peers more and more, overcoming speech insufficiency.
There is also a lag in such children in all forms of thinking (analysis, generalization, synthesis, comparison). They cannot single out, for example, the main features when generalizing. Answering the question: “How can you call a dress, trousers, socks, a sweater in one word?” - such a child will say: “This is everything necessary for a person” or “This is all in our closet.” At the same time, children with mental retardation can supplement the proposed group of subjects without difficulty. When comparing objects, this process is carried out randomly.signs. "What is the difference between humans and animals?" - "People wear coats, animals don't."
Problems of communicative adaptation of children with mental retardation, what is it
A distinctive feature of children with mental retardation is the problematic interpersonal relationships for them, both with peers and with adults. The need for communication in such children is reduced. In relation to the adults on whom they depend, many show increased anxiety. New people attract such children much less than new objects. If problems arise, the child would rather stop his activity than turn to someone for help.
Children with mental retardation, as a rule, are not ready for "warm" relationships with peers, reducing them to purely "businesslike". Moreover, the interests of only one side are taken into account in games, and the rules are always rigid, excluding any variations.
