The rudiments of teeth are formed during the prenatal development of the fetus, and the last, the wisdom tooth, completes its development and erupts at the age of 17-25 years. "Eight" for someone can be a real torture, because many resort to a surgical procedure called the removal of a wisdom tooth in the lower jaw.
What are the structural features of the eighth tooth and how to painlessly remove it? Let's analyze it step by step.
The structure of the eighth tooth. Retraction
The wisdom tooth, or as it is also called the figure eight, is an ordinary tooth, identical in structure to all the others. But there are some differences, which lie in the peculiar function and atypical form of the root:
- The wisdom tooth does not take on any of the functions of the dentoalveolar system. His chewing load is zero;
- he is deprived of one abutment tooth on the distal side, which can lead to incorrectteething;
- also the figure eight does not have a predecessor - a milk tooth, which prepares the conditions for physiological eruption;
- the eighth tooth can have a different number of roots - from one, when several are spliced, to five, it is impossible to accurately determine the number;
- another feature is that the roots are very curved, and therefore the treatment of wisdom teeth is a difficult procedure.
A wisdom tooth got its name due to the wonderful age during which it erupts - 18-25 years. When all 28 teeth have already taken their place in the dentition, the eights simply may not have enough space, and such a pathology is referred to as retention. As a result - a difficult removal of a wisdom tooth. The process is especially painful and with complications in people after 30 years.
An improperly erupted tooth creates a number of inconveniences. Such as constant throbbing pain, aggravated by chewing and talking, a feeling of discomfort in the oral cavity. In addition, retraction can cause anterior dentition, crowding, papillitis, and periodontitis.
Features of the extraction of the eighth tooth. Removal of the wisdom tooth on the lower jaw
The timing and side of eruption is individual for everyone, but dentists recommend removing the eighth tooth, even when it is he althy, to avoid complications.
Removing a wisdom tooth in the lower jaw has its own characteristics. Dentist-surgeon performs an operation with the help of specialdental forceps for teeth on the lower jaw - with open cheeks. Under anesthesia, the dentist makes an incision in the gum mucosa and drills a hole in the bone tissue. If necessary, the tooth crown is sawn into several parts with a bur or a special disc. Medicine is placed in the alveolar socket and it is sutured.
This procedure is the safest - minimizes the risk of injury to adjacent teeth, bone and mucous membranes.
The duration of the operation is from 30 to 50 minutes. When there are indications for the removal of several wisdom teeth, the operation is performed at intervals of 3 weeks. Treatment of other teeth, professional cleaning and other dental procedures can be carried out 2-4 weeks after the removal of the eight.
Physiologically, figure eights on the lower jaw may have more roots than on the upper jaw. Their removal is quick and painless. The simplicity of the procedure is also due to the fact that the lower jaw bone is denser, and complications in the form of a fracture occur less often.
Removal of the lower wisdom tooth should be accompanied by the following procedures:
- physiotherapeutic methods: fluctoorization;
- rinsing the mouth with antiseptics;
- applications from natural herbs: oak bark, aloe;
- irrigation of the oral cavity with various antiseptic preparations (Furacilin, Hexoral) and decoctions of herbs that have anti-inflammatory properties (sage, St. John's wort, chamomile, oak bark);
- with significant pain -analgesics (drug "Nimulid" 1 tablet).
Absolute indications for extraction of the eighth tooth
There are absolute and relative indications for the extraction of the eighth tooth. When is it necessary to remove a wisdom tooth? Tumor, destruction of bone tissue, sepsis are among the few absolute indications. The list can be supplemented with such processes in the oral cavity:
- osteomyelitis of the jaw - in this disease, tooth extraction helps to cleanse the focus and stop the inflammatory process;
- destruction of the crown part of the tooth: therapy becomes useless when the crown part is lost to the level of bone tissue, the removal of this will alleviate the patient's condition and cause no harm;
- acute periodontitis - if the cause of periodontitis is a wisdom tooth, its removal is inevitable for a full recovery.
Relative indications for extraction of the eighth tooth
These were absolute contraindications. Now let's list the relative ones:
- retraction (impossibility of normal eruption);
- odontogenic sinusitis;
- dental prosthetics;
- softening of the tooth root;
- fracture of the root and part of the crown of the tooth;
- malocclusion;
- violation of the root bifurcation.
When else should I go to the dentist to avoid complications?
- The wisdom tooth, which begins to erupt, injures the mucous membrane of the cheeks. Constant irritation leads tothe appearance of erosion, and then ulcers. When the body is predisposed to oncological diseases, the process can develop into a malignant tumor of the buccal mucosa. To avoid this, you should go to a specialist and remove the tooth. If the process is started and a neoplasm appears, you should consult an oncologist. The dentist who finds the tumor is also required to send you to a specialist.
- An inflamed wisdom tooth becomes a hotbed of pathological infectious processes. Pathogenic microorganisms can enter the blood, lymph and spread throughout the body, causing sepsis - blood poisoning. This is a very serious condition that can be fatal.
- Purulent inflammation can cause infection of the body - its intoxication. A person weakens, apathy and constant fatigue appear, mental activity decreases, memory deteriorates. It is not always possible for such patients to make a correct diagnosis due to the fact that a tooth in the chronic stage of inflammation does not disturb and does not arouse suspicion.
Restoration after extraction of the eighth tooth
Despite the modern technologies that are actively used by the branch of medicine - dentistry, the recovery period after surgical operations is different for everyone. The worst thing that your wisdom tooth was waiting for was the removal. The photo below can prove that there is nothing to fear for those who have decided to get rid of the discomfort created by the figure eight.
The experience of doctors and high-quality painkillers successfullysolve problems associated with the pathology of the dentition.
After the retraction of the wisdom tooth, you can use several useful recommendations from specialists:
- If within a day (or 1-2 days) after the removal of the wisdom tooth, the swelling does not go away, then you can use a tea bag. You need to apply it to the alveolar socket and keep it until it dries. The tannins found in tea promote blood clotting, and the caffeine improves blood circulation. Therefore, the wound heals quickly.
- To reduce irritation and speed up regeneration, you can rinse your mouth with saline. To do this, dissolve 1 teaspoon of s alt in a glass of water and rinse your mouth several times a day.
- In cases where aching pain is excruciating after removal, ice should be applied to the cheek. This prevents swelling and soothes pain by constricting blood vessels.
- During sleep, the head should be elevated - this also reduces the likelihood of swelling.
- Gum after wisdom tooth removal should not be exposed to extreme temperatures and hard food.
- In the evening, the pain intensifies, so put everything you need near the bed: gauze, cotton wool, painkillers.
- Do not use drinking straws for some time after the operation. The vacuum that they create slows down the recovery processes of soft tissues around the alveolar socket of the extracted tooth. Cigarettes and alcohol also have such a detrimental effect - exclude them during the recovery period.
Carrying out a complex operation onremoval of the eighth tooth
What is the complicated extraction of a wisdom tooth, and how is such an operation different from the usual procedure?
Complex wisdom tooth extraction involves the use of drills, suturing wounds and making incisions. Impacted wisdom teeth or teeth with a horizontal arrangement, as in this x-ray, are most often subjected to this procedure.
The bone has to be cut out to extract the tooth and its root. The procedure is performed under anesthesia. Such operations are carried out only in a surgical room with absolute cleanliness and all the rules of antiseptics.
Re-admission is made 2-3 days after the operation. The patient is placed with absorbable sutures, which are removed after complete healing of the wound edges.
Methodology
- Incision and detachment from the bone of the soft tissues of the attached gum.
- Cutting out the bone lying over the tooth being removed.
- Extraction from the alveolar socket.
- Suturing the wound.
After the procedure, the dentist puts a gauze sterile swab with a hemostatic agent (heparin) on the hole. The tampon is spit out after 15 minutes to prevent bacterial growth.
It is not recommended to smoke, drink hot, do heavy physical labor after the procedure. If you are concerned about fever after the removal of a wisdom tooth, the doctor prescribes antipyretic drugs and a second examination by a dentist.
Complicationsafter surgery
What is the danger of removing a wisdom tooth in the lower jaw? The consequences of the operation may be imperceptible for someone, and for someone it can turn into pain and constant trips to the doctor.
- One of the first complaints after removal is bleeding from the hole. This is normal, as small capillaries and blood vessels are torn during the operation. After a few hours, this complication disappears, and if not, then a gauze swab should be applied to the hole.
- Infiltration causes suppuration of the hole. This happens for several reasons: non-compliance with personal hygiene, a fragment of a tooth, which often occurs after a complex operation to remove the eighth tooth.
- The hole after the removal of a wisdom tooth should contain a blood clot, which takes part in the healing of the wound. Resorption of the clot leads to pain, an unpleasant aftertaste occurs in the mouth, inflammation of the gums and alveolitis may begin.
- A common consequence of an eighth tooth extraction is swelling. The patient complains of flux, slight swelling. This is due to the destruction of tissues around the tooth. The feeling is unpleasant, but if the tumor is small, it will go away on its own in a few days. To relieve swelling, ice is used - applied to the cheek for no more than 10 minutes. If the swelling does not go away, then they resort to heat treatment. A warm heating pad is kept for about 20 minutes and a break of 10 minutes is taken. Rarely, but it still happens that swelling is caused by an allergy to painkillers.drugs. In this case, take antiallergic drugs - histamines.
- The next complication is paresthesia. Paresthesia is understood as numbness of the tongue, part of the chin, upper and lower lips. The gums after the removal of a wisdom tooth may lose sensitivity. This occurs when the operation is performed near the facial nerve. An extremely unpleasant complication, but it disappears after a few days or weeks after removal. With severe damage to the facial nerve, paresthesia can become chronic.
- Alveolitis is caused by the presence of a focus of chronic inflammation in the soft tissues around the causative tooth. This may be periodontitis or the presence of a dry socket after surgery. It is characterized by severe pain, bad breath, the hole is covered with plaque. May be complicated by phlegmon or abscess. This is a rather serious complication that requires hospital treatment
Removing a wisdom tooth in the lower jaw can save you a lot of trouble. Despite the complications that surgery or medications can provoke, it is better to resort to the surgical method and get rid of excruciating pain and serious consequences for other, more useful and functional teeth.
Pain before removal
Painless removal of wisdom teeth - anesthesia and local anesthesia. In modern practice, dentists use local anesthesia for pain relief before removing teeth. And only in rare cases, the procedure is performed under general anesthesia for children. Just because children are more prone to fear ofdental instruments and do not allow normal extraction of the tooth from the socket.
Before the operation to remove the eighth tooth in the lower jaw, local anesthesia anesthetizes the surrounding tissues by injection. For this, drugs are used: Novocain, Dikain, Trimekain, Lidocaine. Also, local anesthesia is used if the hole hurts after the removal of a wisdom tooth.
In the event that the patient is very nervous before the procedure, sedatives are used: nitrous oxide, oral sedatives and intravenous sedatives.
The most effective are intravenous sedatives, they have a long and deep action. But before using it is necessary to consult with a specialist and find out if there is an allergy to a particular drug and its components.
Contraindications for wisdom tooth extraction
There are not so many contraindications to the extraction of the eighth tooth in the lower jaw. But there are nuances that you should pay attention to before the procedure.
Dentists and therapists do not recommend tooth extraction in such cases:
- recent heart surgery or myocardial infarction;
- acute infectious diseases (SARS, influenza, herpes);
- chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system;
- digestion problems;
- high blood pressure;
- three days before and during your period;
- pregnancy period.
These contraindications are not absolute, andunder the supervision of a doctor, it is possible to carry out the extraction procedure of the eighth tooth in the lower jaw.
In the majority, the removal of the wisdom tooth in the lower jaw is successful and without complications. Reviews show that the condition after the operation improves rapidly, the pain gradually disappears, discomfort in the oral cavity disappears. Timely extraction of the wisdom tooth prevents the complex consequences of retention for the oral cavity and the whole body.
