One of the most famous and common diseases of the kidneys is called pyelonephritis. Pathogenic microflora in the form of Escherichia coli, chlamydia, staphylococcus or other pathogen that penetrates from the urethra into the kidneys causes an inflammatory process in them. It can affect one or both kidneys at once. In women, this disease is diagnosed more often than in the opposite sex.
Classification of pyelonephritis
According to the conditions of occurrence, they distinguish:
- Primary. Occurs in the absence of other kidney pathologies.
- Secondary. It develops as a result of existing diseases of the kidneys and urinary system.
By the number of damaged organs:
- Single sided. Only one kidney is affected.
- Double-sided. In this case, both kidneys are affected.
By the nature of the flow:
- spicy;
- chronic.
According to the patencyurinary tract:
- Obstructive. It is formed against the background of the following pathological conditions: ureteral stenosis, urolithiasis, urovasal conflict.
- Non-obstructive. Its development is not associated with a violation of the outflow of urine from the kidneys.
Acute pyelonephritis
The following types are distinguished:
- Serous is the initial stage of the formation of an acute infectious process. Symptoms of pyelonephritis are manifested by chills, high fever, weakness, bouts of nausea, vomiting. There is a strong pain syndrome in the lumbar region, which can be described as aching and dull. For treatment, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial agents are used, and detoxification is also carried out. With proper therapy, the prognosis is favorable, and in its absence, complications develop.
- Apostematous purulent is the next stage in the development of pathology after the previous one.
- Kidney carbuncle is another form of purulent pyelonephritis. In this case, an extensive purulent lesion is observed in the organ. The individual has severe intoxication, which is characterized by a significant increase in temperature, headaches, and they are also present in the joints and muscles, general weakness, nausea or vomiting. Severe pain syndrome is noted in the lumbar region and abdomen on the sidethe affected kidney. Treatment is surgical only. Depending on medical indications, two outcomes are possible: removal of the kidney or opening of the abscess and removal of dead areas with further drainage.
- Abscess of the kidney is a particularly severe form, in which purulent-destructive areas are detected in the kidney tissue. The reason for this condition is the association of abscesses characteristic of apostematous pyelonephritis or the restriction of the abscess. The difference between this purulent process is that the purulent contents are in the so-called capsule and do not spread to he althy tissues. Over time, it dissolves and a cavity forms. Symptoms are similar to the previous form of pathology. Therapy is carried out only in a round-the-clock hospital, detoxification, treatment with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory drugs are carried out. If it is not possible to defeat the infectious process, then surgical treatment is indicated, i.e. removal of the kidney.
- Emphysematous is a rather severe, even life-threatening, and fortunately rare form of pyelonephritis. Symptoms in women begin similar to the development of acute inflammation, but they do not stop after the start of treatment, the patient looks like a septic patient. Accompanying pathology is added in the form of hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis and others. In the described cases from medical practice, middle-aged or elderly women with a history of diabetes mellitus, chronic urinary tract infections or chronic pyelonephritis are susceptible to this disease. Causes of symptoms of pyelonephritis in womenlie in gas-forming microorganisms, high glucose content and reduced tissue perfusion. Due to the severity of the disease, urgent measures are indicated, which include infusion, antibiotic therapy, proper treatment of diabetes mellitus, elimination of urinary tract obstruction, and determination of the function of the affected kidney. However, in practice, such treatment is ineffective. Requires nephrectomy or surgical drainage along with medical treatment.
With this form of the disease, a large number of small purulent foci are formed, or they are also called apostemes. Symptoms of pyelonephritis of this type are similar to the clinic of acute inflammation of the kidney.
Chronic pyelonephritis in women: symptoms and treatment
The following types of chronic illness are distinguished:
- Pyonephrosis is a kidney melted under the influence of pus. At the same time, it completely consists of purulent contents, urine, calculi and parenchymal tissue. This form is considered the final stage of the purulent-inflammatory process. Clinical manifestations are expressed by pain in the lumbar region. In intensity, they are mild or up to renal colic. All signs of intoxication are present. Urine becomes cloudy, sediment appears in it. Treatment is only surgical, and urgent. Remove only one kidney or together with the ureter if there is a stone in it. Perhaps subcapsular removal of the organ and nephrostomy. The latter is performed when it is impossible to remove the kidney.
- Xanthogranulomatous is a rather rare form of chronic pyelonephritis in women. What are the treatment and symptoms? The disease manifests itself mainly in middle-aged females with a history of kidney stones and a long-term recurrent urinary tract infection. It is clinically manifested by prolonged fever, weight loss, anorexia, and long-term pain in the lumbar region and in the side of the abdomen of the diseased kidney. Treatment involves surgery to remove the organ.
- Malacoplakia is a very rare condition. It is characterized by granulomatous inflammation. On the mucous membrane of the urinary tract, nodes or plaques are formed, consisting of macrophages and plasma cells. The disease develops against the background of chronic pyelonephritis. Symptoms in women directly depend on the location of the nodules. If the kidney is affected, then there are pains in the side and lower back, which are cramping in nature. There is fever and anemia. If the bladder is involved in the process, then painful and frequent urination, hematuria is noted. If the kidneys and ureter are affected, a nephrectomy is done and antibiotic therapy is prescribed. If only the kidneys are affected, treatment is with fluoroquinolones.
Pyelonephritis in children: symptoms and treatment
Basically, this disease appears in a child as a complication after suffering SARS. All children's age categories are subject to it, starting from newborn babies. Late treatment contributes to the development of severe complications. Among them, the consequences of the acute and chronic course of the disease are distinguished. A purulent abscess is a complication of acute pyelonephritis. The chronic form of pathology is difficult to diagnose, as it has an erased clinical picture. A prolonged inflammatory process provokes necrosis, sclerosis of the kidney tissues. In addition, chronic pyelonephritis, which the child suffered, inthe future becomes the cause of development:
- arterial hypertension;
- hydronephrosis, in which the kidney undergoes changes and, as a result, loses the ability to perform its functions normally;
- chronic kidney failure leading to regular hemodialysis or even transplantation.
Symptoms of pyelonephritis in children depend on the stage of the disease:
- Spicy. In this case, there are all signs of general intoxication of the body: fever, chills, excessive sweating. Infants have general anxiety, nausea, vomiting, weight loss. Pain in the lower back or side is most often found in school-age children and adolescents. In smaller ones, there is no clear localization of pain. Urinary incontinence is noted, frequent urge to urinate is accompanied by pain, blood blotches appear in the urine, there is an unpleasant odor, which indicates an inflammatory process. The disease develops rapidly, clinical manifestations increase within 48 hours. Urgent adequate therapy is required.
- Chronic. A distinctive feature is that the symptoms of kidney pyelonephritis of this form of the disease are erased, so the diagnosis is difficult. The doctor can make a correct diagnosis during the period of remission only by the result of urine analysis.
Treatment of acute pyelonephritis in children on an outpatient basis means:
- Bed rest.
- Using bigliquids, including mineral water.
- Diet food. At the beginning of the disease - this is milk nutrition. Next - protein-vegetable food with a high content of fruits and vegetables that have a diuretic effect.
- Taking antibacterial, diuretic, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and herbal medicines.
- Analgesics are indicated for pain.
- For the restoration of the digestive tract - enzymes and probiotics.
- To strengthen immunity - immunomodulators and vitamin-mineral complexes.
In case of exacerbation of symptoms of pyelonephritis in the chronic stage, spa treatment is recommended. Additionally, according to medical indications, massage and physiotherapy exercises are prescribed.
Signs of pyelonephritis in women
The severity of the clinical picture of pyelonephritis depends on the state of the immune system. Due to the fact that the cause of its development is an infection, there are necessarily signs of intoxication of the body.
Common symptoms of pyelonephritis in women:
- renal colic;
- cutting when outflowing urine;
- severe pain in the lumbar region;
- polyuria;
- cloudy urine.
The severity of symptoms depends on the form of the disease: acute or chronic. The acute period has severe symptoms. Chronic - a hidden clinic and may not appear for a long time. Symptoms of acute pyelonephritis in women are characterized by the following clinical manifestations:
- fever;
- edema of the lower extremities and face;
- excessive sweating;
- sharp pain in the kidney area;
- nauseous;
- vomit.
Women in position, along with the above signs, are observed: increased pressure, temperature in the evening, persistent swelling of the legs and face.
Clinical manifestations of the main symptoms of pyelonephritis:
- Pain. In the acute form of pathology, it is sharp, painful. In chronic - aching, not passing for a long time. In addition, the pain syndrome can be cross or asymmetric. This means that the diseased kidney is on the right, and the pain in the lumbar region is on the left and vice versa.
- Diuresis. Frequent urge to urinate is a temporary phenomenon and manifests itself only during an exacerbation. In this case, burning and pain accompany urination. Urine becomes cloudy, dark, blood and purulent inclusions appear in it, and it also acquires an unpleasant odor.
Symptoms of chronic pyelonephritis in women:
- frequent urge to urinate;
- nausea;
- weakness;
- Feelings of aches in the lumbar region, which increase in bad weather.
Provoking factors
The disease occurs against the background of some pathologies, for example, otitis media, purulent mastitis, panaritium or other causes. Symptoms of pyelonephritis in women provoke the following situations:
- overwork;
- intestinal infection;
- prolapsed uterus;
- stress;
- hypothermia;
- pregnancy;
- age-related changes;
- lowered immunity;
- hereditary diseases of the genitourinary system;
- presence of a catheter in the bladder and others.
Medicinal herbs in the treatment of pyelonephritis
Herbalists recommend removing the symptoms of pyelonephritis with folk remedies. For these purposes, both individual herbs and their combinations are used. In addition to the antiseptic effect, medicinal plant materials recommended for this type of pathology have the following beneficial properties:
- fights swelling;
- reduces urinary tract spasm;
- reduces bleeding;
- relieves dyspepsia.
Let's look at a few recipes:
- If there is pus in the urine. Dissolve 10 ml of apple cider vinegar in 200 ml of water. The resulting solution is taken up to three times a day before meals.
- In the treatment of symptoms of chronic pyelonephritis and the prevention of complications, it is possible to use an infusion, which includes walnut, rosehip, tricolor violet, verbena, burdock root. All ingredients are mixed in a ratio of 10:30:10:10:20 (grams). Three tablespoons of the mixture are poured with boiling water in the amount of half a liter and an infusion is prepared. Honey can be added to the finished product and taken up to five times a day for half a glass.
- Anti-inflammatory tea is indicated for exacerbation of symptoms of pyelonephritis. It includes burdock, celandine, meadowsweet, birch, lingonberry, cetraria, dandelion, chamomile, raspberry, willow, elderberry, lingonberry. Such a collection in finished form can bepurchase at a pharmacy. Brewed like regular tea and drunk several times a day.
Herbalism is indicated in the absence of allergic reactions, and it does not exclude traditional therapy, but is a useful addition to it.
Drug therapy
Selection of antibacterial drugs in the treatment of symptoms of pyelonephritis and the prevention of complications is carried out depending on the sensitivity of the pathogen. Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin are prescribed for uncomplicated pyelonephritis. In a severe form of pathology, in addition to antibacterial infusion therapy is carried out.
From nitrofurans, "Furadonin", "Furazolidone", "Furagin" are recommended. Sulfanilamide preparations - "Urosulfan", "Groseptol", "Bactrim" are rarely used. Their main action is bacteriostatic, they suppress gram-positive and gram-negative cocci, chlamydia and Escherichia coli, have no effect on enterococci, anaerobes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The alkaline reaction of urine enhances the action of sulfonamides. Of the natural uroantiseptics, the most popular are Canephron, Fitolizin, and Cyston.
Inpatient treatment is indicated for pregnant women. In addition, it is recommended to interrupt the bearing of the baby for medical reasons. Drug therapy for the acute form of the disease and the treatment of symptoms of chronic pyelonephritis involve the use of drugs from the penicillin or cephalosporin group - Augmentin, Amoxicillin, Cefazolin, Ceftriaxone.
Childrenprescribe antibacterial and symptomatic therapy. Of the antibiotics, Likatsin, Cefamandol, antibacterial agents - Nevigramon, Negram, Furadonin, diuretics - Furosemide, Veroshpiron have proven themselves well.
Factors contributing to the development of pyelonephritis in men
In this category of the population, the disease always develops as a result of pathogenic bacteria entering the system of the renal tubules. As a result of the purulent-inflammatory process, the kidneys and the entire genitourinary system become infected, as a result, the disease develops and symptoms of pyelonephritis are observed. The reasons that increase the risk of pathology are a disorder of metabolic processes, weak immunity, age over 50 years. In addition, the following diseases are provoking factors:
- urolithiasis;
- prostatitis;
- urinary tract cancer;
- chlamydia;
- gardnerellosis.
Pyelonephritis in men
This disease in a strong half of humanity is confirmed quite rarely, and this fact is associated with the peculiarities of the structure of the genitourinary system. However, men in any age category are susceptible to this pathology, and most of all after 50 years. Symptoms of pyelonephritis in men are manifested by the following picture:
- apathy;
- general weakness;
- false urge to urinate;
- increased diuresis at night;
- cloudy urine, the presence of blood inclusions in it and an unpleasant odor;
- burning during urination, aftercompletion - sharp pain;
- temperature increase;
- chill;
- shooting pain syndrome in the lumbar region.
- deep breathing or coughing increases pain.
Due to the rapid increase in pathogens, the entry of their waste products into the bloodstream and diffuse inflammation of the renal parenchyma, signs of intoxication are clearly visible:
- severe headaches, possibly dizziness;
- nausea;
- vomit;
- weakness;
- diarrhea.
Lack of or improper treatment contributes to the transition of the acute form into a chronic one. In this case, the symptoms of pyelonephritis in men are:
- less pain that becomes permanent;
- subfebrile temperature;
- maintaining discomfort at the end of each act of urination;
- the development of hypertension and edema, as excess fluid is not completely removed from the body.
The fight against the disease is carried out with the help of conservative therapy and dietary nutrition. Phytotherapy is used as an adjuvant in the absence of contraindications and allergic reactions for the treatment of symptoms of chronic pyelonephritis. The surgical method is recommended only for advanced stages and the risk of kidney failure.
