Urination (synonym: deurination) of a person is an arbitrary emptying of the bladder into the external environment through the appropriate channel (urethra). Any violation of this process is called dysuria. There is no exact figure for the number of urination, after which we can talk about its increase.
The average number of trips to the toilet per day for an adult is five to nine during the day and no more than one episode at night. At a time, an adult should allocate from 200 to 300 ml of fluid. Nighttime urination is called nocturia.
Frequent urination exceeds 10 trips to the toilet per day. If at the same time an increase in the volume of secretions is also noted, such a symptom is called polyuria. With frequent urination, a single amount of urine is less. By the way, this symptom can be harmless and hide serious pathologies.
The symptoms and treatment of cystitis in women, drugs used in therapy, and many other issues will be discussed below.
Urine production in general
Urine is produced by the renal pelvis system, which is a filter for the body. The regulation of the process occurs under the control of the central nervous system. 180 liters are produced per day of primary urine. It contains not only water, but also s alts, sugars, a special acid, and in case of pathologies, protein and other substances. But a person excretes only about one and a half liters of urine into the external environment, which is already secondary.
What is this? This is urine obtained after primary reabsorption. In this process, many substances are reabsorbed back into the blood.
What determines the amount of urine excreted? It is directly related to age, nutrition, gender, climate and general condition of the body.
Causes of frequent urination in women
The following reasons are identified:
- Physiological - are the norm. With them, the symptoms of a certain disease in the form of temperature, cramps, itching, burning, pain and other things are absent.
- Pathological - associated with a variety of ailments of the body.
Only 15% of these manifestations are associated with diseases of the renal system, the rest can be triggered by cardiac, endocrine, STIs (genital), gynecological and other pathologies.
Frequent urination without pain: causes
In many cases, the constant or frequent urge to empty the bladder in women is not a pathology:
- The reason for frequent (without pain) urination in women can be the use of diuretics with differentpurpose. This increases both the number of allocations and their volume.
- Pregnancy is the most common physiological cause of frequent (no pain) urination in women. It is caused by the growth of the uterus and its pressure on the urethra and bladder. And in this case, nighttime urination is characteristic. But the reason is not only this. A change in the hormonal background in a pregnant woman leads to an increase in the volume of circulating blood to create better nutrition for the fetus. This, in turn, further burdens the renal system. In addition, the amniotic fluid must be renewed every two to three hours. All together cannot but affect the diuresis of a woman.
- Features of nutrition - various spices, pickles, fats contribute to the increase in fluid secretion. All of them irritate the internal receptors of the bladder on the mucosa.
- Abuse of caffeinated drinks - green tea, alcohol, especially beer. Too much coffee produces copious urine. This is not felt when drinking an instant drink. But if you switch to coffee from fresh beans, you will immediately feel the difference.
- Hypocooling of the feet. More frequent trips to the toilet at the same time is a normal reaction of the bladder.
- Psycho-emotional upheaval. Under stress, tissue hypoxia occurs, resulting in frequent urination.
- Menstruation. A few days before its appearance, fluid begins to linger in the body (the body is preparing for a potential pregnancy), and with the advent of menstruation, it begins to be excreted intensively.
- Climax. Increased frequency and persistent urge to urinate inwomen at this age are associated with the restructuring of the hormonal background. Estrogens are coming to naught, and a lot depended on them at one time. Before menopause, they maintained the tone of the uterus and vagina, the normal sensitivity of mucosal receptors in the urethra and bladder, and contributed to their good blood supply. Now this is not happening. Metabolism slows down. Urination not only becomes more frequent, but also disturbs during sleep. At least two trips to the toilet at night is the norm during menopause. Additionally, at this age, urinary incontinence often joins.
Pathological causes of frequent urination in women
A certain pathology is becoming one of the most common causes of the constant urge to urinate in women. Usually it is infectious and inflammatory, and in women it occurs much more often - three times - compared to men. The culprit is the anatomy of the MPS - the female urethra is shorter and wider, and the pathogen can easily enter the urinary tract.
Cystitis
Inflammation of the bladder mucosa. With this pathology, pain in the lower abdomen and in the region of the bladder itself is characteristic. Trips to the toilet occur with pain, burning and frequent. In a woman, the constant urge to urinate is also due to the fact that there is no feeling of complete emptying with cystitis. Incontinence often accompanies, and the discharge may become cloudy due to pus and protein, indicating complications.
Painful and frequent urination in women, accompanied by a burning sensation and pain, is one ofearly manifestations of cystitis. The general condition is not disturbed, the temperature is within normal limits or rises slightly - up to 37.5 ° С.
Antibacterial drugs are always prescribed for the treatment of cystitis. In addition, therapy begins with a plentiful drink. Decoctions of cranberries and lingonberries are useful.
Not only antibiotics are used, but also antispasmodics, physiotherapy, herbal medicine, analgesics. Well helps UHF, iontophoresis, inductothermy.
Urethritis
This is the most commonly called infectious inflammation of the urethral mucosa. Painful and frequent urination in women is the most common complaint. It is supplemented at the initial stage by malaise, burning and itching in the urethra. General symptoms of intoxication are uncharacteristic. The insidiousness of urethritis is that it does not go away without treatment, so therapy is necessary.
Getting rid of pathology in women consists of several stages.
- Elimination of the infection, antibiotics are used for this.
- The next phase is the normalization of the vaginal microflora.
- In any case, increase immunity.
Urolithiasis
Painful urge to urinate in women, often with pain and blood, is very characteristic of ICD. This is because stones often damage the mucous membrane of the excretory tract. Also, the stream of urine may be interrupted, the bladder is not completely emptied; there are pains above the pubis, radiating to the inner thigh and perineum.
Localization of stones can be different, and increased urination may indicate precisely their localization inbubble. This usually manifests itself when running, shaking driving - then the woman suddenly has a sharp desire to urinate.
To start treatment of KSD, the type of calculi, their size and localization are preliminarily established. The type of stones suggests a different diet. If necessary, surgical measures are prescribed. They can be in the form of endoscopic or cystoscopic crushing of stones. Abdominal surgery is also not uncommon.
Pyelonephritis
Infection of the renal tubular system. It is acute and chronic. Consider the features below.
The constant urge to urinate in women with pyelonephritis usually becomes a symptom of the chronic form. In addition, it is complemented by dull aching pains in the lower back, aggravated in cold or damp weather.
Progression of pathology with damage to two kidneys leads to the development of arterial hypertension. In the acute form, the temperature quickly rises to 39-40 ° C, the patient complains of weakness and chills, nausea and even vomiting.
Lower pain intensifies, urine may become cloudy as a result of an increase in leukocytes - a purulent process. Treatment should be under the supervision of a physician. The course of antibiotic therapy is long, combined with phytotherapy, antispasmodics. At the end of the acute period, spa treatment is desirable.
Atony of the bladder
The name suggests a weakening of the tone of the bladder walls. The main symptom is frequent, painless urge to urinate in women with little fluid.
This pathology is often congenital,therefore, the only way to solve the problem will be special exercises and taking drugs to strengthen the muscular wall of the bladder. Atony is characterized by a sharp urge to urinate in women, without delay.
Overactive Bladder (OAB)
Usually this condition is the result of other pathologies. In this case, spontaneous contraction of the muscles of the bladder occurs, caused by increased activity of the receptors. One of the links in the chain fails: "bubble - wire paths - brain".
Deurination is frequent and occurs at any time of the day. It is often accompanied by urinary incontinence. Treatment will be aimed at normalizing the increased excitability of the central nervous system: muscle relaxants, botulinum toxin, sedatives.
False urge to urinate
False urge to urinate in women - these are situations when there is a desire to urinate, but there is no discharge of fluid or its meager amount is observed.
Provoke them can:
- presence of stones in the kidneys or bladder;
- constant constipation;
- systematic drinking in large quantities;
- constant stress or anxiety;
- cystitis.
Diseases of the female genital organs
Fibromyoma - there may be no symptoms or at the initial stage there are only menstrual irregularities, pain in the lower abdomen, metrorrhagia. With the growth of this benign tumor, it compresses the excretoryway, which leads to increased urges.
The treatment of frequent urge to urinate in women in this case depends entirely on the elimination of the tumor. Treatment is hormonal or surgical.
Prolapse of the uterus. It occurs as a result of the weakening of the ligamentous apparatus that supports the organ; weakening of the pelvic muscles and fascia. In this case, the bottom and neck fall below their normal anatomical and physiological boundaries. This also displaces the bladder. Patients suffer from meno- and metrorrhagia, pulling pains in the lower abdomen, sensations of a foreign body in the vagina, incontinence and increased urges. If not treated, the uterus sinks even lower, the displacement of the rectum joins.
Medicines for frequent urge to urinate in women are selected according to the degree of the disease, taking into account concomitant gynecological pathologies and the age of the patient.
As a conservative treatment, strengthening the muscles of the press and the pelvic floor is used (gymnastics, gynecological massage, HRT). Heavy physical labor is excluded. The radical method is an operation.
Endocrine pathologies
Diabetes mellitus - glucose is always connected to water molecules, so frequent urination occurs. Moreover, it is one of the first symptoms, especially at night.
In addition, there are additionally polydipsia and polyuria - thirst and a large volume of diuresis (up to three liters). Other symptoms include itching of the skin, vulvitis on this basis, a decrease in the regenerative abilities of tissues (long non-healing of scratches and wounds).
Diabetes insipidus - this disease is characterized by a sharppolydipsia and diuresis up to five liters. With pathology, the urge to urinate in women is constant. As a result of dehydration, patients lose weight, weakness, nausea appear; skin becomes dry.
The disease is associated with dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary system, when the level of vasopressin in the blood drops. Diabetes insipidus is treated with HRT, which becomes lifelong.
Cardiovascular disease
The urge to urinate in women at night is often associated with CVD. They appear due to the fact that during the day in the tissues of the body due to a decrease in the pumping function of the heart, fluid accumulates - edema. At night, in a horizontal position of a person, it begins to be actively excreted.
Painful frequent urination in women: causes
Frequent urination in women with pain can be caused not only by inflammation of the urinary tract, but also by infections such as STIs - gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis. The symptom occurs because the urinary apparatus is closely connected with the genital area.
If women have an urge to urinate with a burning sensation, the cause is not only cystitis, but also an STI. The prerequisite for such dysuria may also appear in the improper use of hygienic tampons, which irritate the vaginal mucosa.
Increased urination can also occur immediately after sex, due to irritation of the walls of the vagina, but it is transient.
Diagnosis
Different methods are used for diagnosing. These include:
- MRIbrain;
- urethrography;
- measuring renal excretory function;
- bacterial urine and blood tests;
- UAC and OAM;
- biochemistry of blood and urine;
But the main thing is ultrasound.
Treatment
Now consider what treatment (drugs) is used for symptoms of cystitis in women:
- penicillins that are not destroyed due to the presence of flormuleclavulanic acid;
- fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin);
- cephalosporins (cefuroxime, ceftriaxone);
- nitrofurans (nitroxoline, nevigramon).
Uroantiseptics - Furadonin, Furazolidone, Uronefron, Canephron, Urolesan.
Pre- and probiotics are needed to normalize the microflora of MPS. More often than others, Lactobacterin, Acipol, Linex, Enterol and others are used.
Anspasmodics - are indicated for ICD, because there is irritation of the mucous membrane with s alts and stones, resulting in a spasm. Assign "Drotaverin", "Spazmalgon", "No-shpu" and others. Mirabegon is popular. The drugs are taken for at least three months.
Phytopreparations - contain plants that have antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory effects. These funds also contribute to the dissolution and discharge of some s alts (centaury, horsetail, rosemary, lovage, dog rose and others). More often than others, Phytolysin, Cyston,"Urolesan".
Treatment for non-urinary dysuria
With uterine fibroids, conservative treatment is ineffective, so only surgical removal is required.
In diseases of the cardiovascular system, in order to drive away edema, on the contrary, they achieve increased urination. For this, diuretics are used. Then the BCC decreases, swelling decreases. The more frequent trips to the toilet, the more effective the treatment. With a decrease in edema, diuretics are either canceled or the dose is reduced.
Treatment of urinary incontinence with drugs
Medications are prescribed for him, which increase the work of sphincters and muscles. More often than others, "Midodrin" is prescribed - an alpha-adrenergic agonist. The action is based on increasing the tone of the sympathetic nervous system, due to which the sphincter is strengthened.
Duloxetine - inhibits the reuptake of serotonin. The latter begins to increase in the brain structures and the frequency of urination decreases. The treatment is carried out under the supervision of a doctor, because the drug can cause withdrawal symptoms.
Most often appointed:
- "Driptan";
- "Detrusitol";
- "Spasmex";
- "Toviaz".
Prevention
Prevention of the described pathologies should be comprehensive:
- Don't delay urination when the urge from the bladder appears. This is very harmful in all respects - the walls of the organ are irritated. Urine contributes to the deposition of stones, the appearance of a tumor,overstretching, etc.
- Drinking plenty of fluids before bed is undesirable.
- During urination, make sure that the bladder is completely emptied.
- Do not abuse coffee, tea and soda.
- Be hydrated - drink at least 2 liters of water a day.
- Worn underwear should be made from natural fabrics.
- Don't get carried away with bubble bath when bathing.
- Showering should be a daily routine.
- Diuretics and herbal preparations should not be taken without indications.
You also need to eat right, give up bad habits and use weather-appropriate clothing to avoid hypothermia.
